GE的一個NB視頻：http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMjk0NTMzODIyNA==.html
http://www.gongkong.com/news/201701/354714.html
“Digital Twin”既不是西門子的提出的，又非GE出品。根據目前所看到的資料，Digital Twin一詞由美國密歇根大學的Michael Grieves教授，於2003年在他所講授的PLM（產品生命周期管理）課程上引入，並且於2014年在其所撰寫的“Digital Twin: Manufacturing Excellence through Virtual Factory Replication”白皮書中進行了詳細的闡述。
在借用這個概念時，美國國防部提出利用Digital Twin技術，用於航空航天飛行器的健康維護與保障。在數字空間建立真實飛機的模型，並通過傳感器實現與飛機真實狀態完全同步，這樣每次飛行后，根據結構現有情況和過往載荷，及時分析評估是否需要維修，能否承受下次的任務載荷等。
http://www.e-works.net.cn/report/digitaltwin/digitaltwin.html
http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/yhOuoPlBMoqRHG412nmidg
”數字雙胞胎“理念的出現
數字雙胞胎（Digital Twin）也被翻譯成數字孿生，Wikipedia對其的解釋為“Digital twin refers to computerized companions of physical assetsthat can be used for various purposes.A digital twin uses data from sensorsinstalled on physical objects to represent their near real-time status， workingcondition or position.”
數字雙胞胎是指可以用於各種目的的物理資產的計算機化伴侶。數字雙胞胎使用安裝在物理對象上的傳感器的數據來表示其近實時狀態，工作狀態或位置。
仿真是Digital Twin的基石
利用仿真技術，可以：
•在虛擬世界中建立物理系統的映射，利用該映射展示產品的性能或工藝過程。
•模擬並監控物理系統的真實使用，用於培訓產品的維護和使用人員。
•對物理系統的性能進行評估，對故障或使用問題進行診斷，尋找根本原因。
•預測系統故障，提前制定規划或者維護方案，優化系統的使用性能，提高系統使用壽命。
http://www.linkedin.com/pulse/digital-twins-saju-skaria?utm_source=wechat_session&utm_medium=social
One example of digital twins can be the use of 3D modeling to create a digital companion for the physical object. It can be used to view the status of the actual physical object, which provides a way to project physical objects into the digital world. For example, when sensors collect data from a connected device, the sensor data can be used to update a "digital twin" copy of the device's state in real time. The digital twin is meant to be an up-to-date and accurate copy of the physical object's properties and states, including shape, position, gesture, status and motion.
第一步顯示狀態。
In another context, Digital twin can be also used for monitoring, diagnostics, and prognostics. In this field, sensory data is sufficient for building digital twins. These models help to improve the outcome of prognostics by using and archiving historical information of physical assets and perform a comparison between fleets of geographically distributed machines.
第二步，監測、診斷、預測。
Therefore, complex prognostics and Intelligent Maintenance System platforms can leverage the use of digital twins in finding the root cause of issues and improve productivity. Digital twins of physical assets combined with digital representations of facilities and environments as well as people, businesses and processes will enable an increasingly detailed digital representation of the real world for simulation, analysis and control.
第三步，加入環境、人力、過程等因素后，更有利於分析、控制和預測。
一個很形象的圖
