本教程介紹了如何使用opencv生成一副簡筆畫視頻,包括片頭、如何做畫等。
1、視頻包括:
(1)片頭:包括學號姓名,同時會出現"I Love CV"在學號和姓名的中央,而且他們是以動畫方式“飛入”視頻的,其中姓名從頂部“飛”到屏幕1/3處,學號信息從下“飛”到1/3處,I LOVE CV從左向右飛入。在片頭顯示完后,會停頓越三秒鍾后,片頭消失,正片開始。
下圖為片頭停頓處截圖:
(2)正片:正片主要畫了一頭可愛的小熊和一頭胖胖的小豬以及一個桃心(預示着小熊.....),其中所有的鏡頭最小單位都是像素,是一個點一個點畫計算並畫出的,並沒有調用內置的畫圖函數(畫點函數除外)以下是最終效果截圖:

一、開發環境
1、開發環境:vs2015
2、Opencv庫:opencv2.4
3、操作系統:windows10
二、實現方法
我把整個實現分為三步:
初始化、工具函數的編寫、畫圖
下面將分開說明各部分實現步驟:
1、初始化:首先定義兩個全局變量ViedoWriter writer和Mat image,並對其初始化,分別在規定路徑創建一個空視頻(writer)和空矩陣或圖片(image)。我的想法是一個點一個點的畫圖,所以我需要每畫一個點或者一個規定步長的點就網writer里寫一幀,所以我封裝了一個函數putPicture(Mat img)用於將參數傳入writer中。在以后的畫圖工具函數中,我每描出一個點就調用一次putPicture函數。
2、對於工具函數的撰寫,我主要寫了以下幾個函數:
(1)drawPoint(Mat img, Point center,Scalar color,int thick)
功能:可以再指定的center上畫不同大小的點(大小由thick參數指定)。該函數是畫所有圖的核心函數
實現:調用opencv的circle函數
(2)drawLine(Mat mat, Point start, Point end,Scalar color,int thick)
功能:通過起始終止點畫出一條線段並將每個點以一幀的形式存入視頻。
實現:使用DDA算法畫直線。
改進:DDA有舍入誤差會影響精度,可以使用bersenham算法,但我沒有時間了。。。
(3)drawArc(Mat img, Point center, double radius, double start_angle, double end_angle, Scalar color,int thick)
功能:通過給定參數逐點畫圓弧並將每個點以一幀的形式存入視頻。
實現:用圓的參數方程逐點描出
改進:可使用bersenham算法,但我個人覺得針對此問題沒必要,增加很多算法上的負擔。因為此問題不太要求精度。
(4)drawEarc(Mat img, Point center, double radius, double start_angle, double end_angle, float a,float b,Scalar color,int thick,bool is_x)
功能:通過給定參數畫橢圓弧並將每個點以一幀的形式存入視頻,其中通過is_x變量可以指定焦點位置,同時thick可以指定寬度,color指定顏色
實現:同樣使用參數方程
(5)drawStar(Mat img,Point center,int a,Scalar color,int thick)
功能:通過給定參數畫心形並將每個點以一幀的形式存入視頻,其中a可指定心形的大小。
實現:
arc.x = center.x + a*i*sin(PI*sin(i) / i);
arc.y = center.y + a*abs(i)*cos(PI*sin(i) / i);
並沒有使用經典的笛卡爾心形公式,而是使用的這個形狀更好看的參數方程。
(6)drawBackground(bool flag)
功能:畫一個白色的大矩形覆蓋整個屏幕,起到畫背景和清屏的作用
3、有了以上制作視頻思路和工具最后的畫圖部分考驗的更多的是時間,我主要分了三部分來畫
(1)drawBear()
功能:顧名思義畫熊。對於這個萌萌噠的小熊:

他的身子是橢圓的一部分弧,耳朵是圓的一部分,鼻子是一個小橢圓但是我增加了線的厚度。
改進:需要改進的部分太多了,由於我是“憑空”使用我的工具畫的,並沒有使用ps等工具具體的挖出精確的點來畫,所以導致很多部分無法完成。這也導致只熊的身子和腿很丑。
(2)drawRh()
功能:畫豬

這個豬的構造很簡單,我沒有選擇有復雜曲線的豬,選擇了這個可以由圓構成的豬。
改進:可以使用參數曲線算法來豐富他的身體。
(3)drawText()
功能:制作片頭
實現方法:使用內置的puttext函數,加上清屏函數組合來完成文字的滑動,即每移動一次字幕調用清屏函數,最后使用臨時變量保存的算法使三行字幕停頓幾秒鍾。
三、心得體會與優缺點:
缺點與不足:
1、沒有對於中文的處理,本來學號和姓名我很想使用中文的,但是opencv不支持,后來又使用freetype包卻出現很多編譯錯誤,沒辦法由於時間緊迫沒有實現
2、畫圖工具封裝的太少,只做了幾個最基本的函數,對於高級的函數如參數曲線等由於能力問題並沒有用到
3、沒有對顏色的處理
下面附上源代碼:
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<string>
#include<io.h>
#include<math.h>
#include"base.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
#define NUM_FRAME 300
#define SIZE 5
#define W 1080
#define H 720
#define PI 3.1415926
char path[100];//輸入文件路徑
VideoWriter writer;
Mat image,temp;
Point s, e;
void convert(Point &a)
{
a.x = a.x + W / 2;
a.y = -a.y + H / 2;
}
void rconvert(Point &a)
{
a.x = a.x - W / 2;
a.y = -a.y + H / 2;
}
void init()
{
//image= Mat::zeros(W, W, CV_8UC3);//創建一張空圖像
image = Mat(H, W, CV_8UC3);
temp = Mat(H, W, CV_8UC3);
strcpy(path, "G:\\image\\viedo.avi");
writer = VideoWriter(path, CV_FOURCC('X', 'V', 'I', 'D'), 30, Size(W, H));
}
void putPicture(Mat img)
{
writer.write(Mat(img));
}
void delay(int k)
{
for (int i = 0; i <= k; i++)
{
putPicture(image);
}
}
void play()
{
VideoCapture capture(path);
if (!capture.isOpened())
cout << "fail to open!" << endl;
////獲取整個幀數
//long totalFrameNumber = capture.get(CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT);
//cout << "整個視頻共" << totalFrameNumber << "幀" << endl;
//設置開始幀()
long frameToStart = 0;
capture.set(CV_CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES, frameToStart);
cout << "從第" << frameToStart << "幀開始讀" << endl;
//獲取幀率
double rate = capture.get(CV_CAP_PROP_FPS);
cout << "幀率為:" << rate << endl;
//承載每一幀的圖像
Mat frame;
//顯示每一幀的窗口
namedWindow("Viedo");
//兩幀間的間隔時間:
int delay = 1000 / rate;
long currentFrame = frameToStart;
while (1)
{
//讀取下一幀
if (!capture.read(frame))
{
break;
return;
}
//這里加濾波程序
imshow("Extracted frame", frame);
int c = waitKey(delay);
//按下按鍵后會停留在當前幀,等待下一次按鍵
if (c >= 0)
{
waitKey(0);
}
currentFrame++;
}
//關閉視頻文件
capture.release();
}
void drawLine(Mat mat, Point start, Point end,Scalar color,int thick)
{
//printf("start Point: x=%d y=%d\n", start.x, start.y);
convert(start);
convert(end);
int x1, y1,step;
Point center=start;
x1 = start.x;
y1 = start.y;
double footx,footy;
int dx = end.x - start.x;
int dy = end.y - start.y;
drawPoint(mat, center, color,thick);
putPicture(mat);
if (abs(dx) > abs(dy))
{
step = abs(dx);
}
else
{
step = abs(dy);
}
footx = (double)dx / step;
footy = (double)dy / step;
//printf("footy = %f\n", footy);
for (int i = 0; i<step; i++)
{
if (footx > 0) {
x1 += int(footx + 0.5);
}
if (footx < 0)
{
x1 += int(footx - 0.5);
}
if (footy > 0)
{
y1 += int(footy + 0.5);
}
if (footy < 0)
{
y1 += int(footy - 0.5);
}
center.x = x1;
center.y = y1;
drawPoint(mat, center, color,thick);
//printf("x=%d y=%d\n", center.x, center.y);
putPicture(mat);
}
rconvert(center);
//printf("end Point: x=%d y=%d\n", center.x, center.y);
//printf("\n");
}
void drawLine2(Mat mat, Point start, Point end, Scalar color,int thick)
{
convert(start);
convert(end);
int x1, y1, step;
double k;
Point center = start;
x1 = start.x;
y1 = start.y;
int dx = end.x - start.x;
int dy = end.y - start.y;
if (dx != 0)
{
k = dy / dx;
}
else
k = 0;
double d = k - 0.5;
drawPoint(mat, center, color,thick);
printf("start Point: x=%d y=%d\n", center.x, center.y);
putPicture(mat);
while(x1!=end.x)
{
x1++;
if (d >= 0)
{
y1++;
d = d + k - 1;
}
else
{
d = d + k;
}
center.x = x1;
center.y = y1;
drawPoint(mat, center, color,thick);
//printf("x=%d y=%d\n", center.x, center.y);
putPicture(mat);
}
printf("end Point: x=%d y=%d\n", center.x, center.y);
}
void drawBackground(bool flag)
{
rectangle(image,
Point(0, 0),
Point(W, W),
Scalar(255, 255, 255),
-1,
8);
if (flag == true)
{
putPicture(image);
}
rectangle(image,
Point(0, 550),
Point(W, W),
Scalar(0, 255, 0),
-1,
8);
}
void drawText()
{
int i = 0;
int count = 30;
String name = "name : Sunke";
String number = "Student ID: 317040001";
String other = "I Love CV";
while(1)
{
i++;
putText(image, number, Point(W / 3,H-i*(H/3)/count), CV_FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 1, Scalar(255, 0, 0));
putText(image, name, Point(W/3, 0 + i*(H / 3) / count), CV_FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 1, Scalar(0, 0, 255));
putPicture(image);
if (i == count)
{
image.copyTo(temp);
for (int j = 0; j <= count; j++)
{
temp.copyTo(image);
putText(image, other, Point(75+j*(W/3)/count, H/2), CV_FONT_HERSHEY_TRIPLEX, 1.5, Scalar(0, 255, 0));
putPicture(image);
if (j == count)//片頭延時
{
delay(200);
}
drawBackground(false);
}
break;
}
else
{
drawBackground(false);//只是重置image變量,並不畫這樣避免了閃屏
}
}
putPicture(image);
}
void drawArc(Mat img, Point center, double radius, double start_angle, double end_angle, Scalar color,int thick)
{
convert(center);
Point arc;
double foot = 0.02;
for (double r = start_angle; r <= end_angle; r = r + foot)
{
arc.x = center.x + radius*cos(r);
arc.y = center.y + radius*sin(r);
if (r == start_angle)
{
s = arc;
}
if (r == end_angle)
{
s = arc;
}
drawPoint(img, arc, color,thick);
putPicture(image);
}
}
void drawEarc(Mat img, Point center, double radius, double start_angle, double end_angle, float a,float b,Scalar color,int thick,bool is_x)
{
convert(center);
Point arc;
double foot=0.02;
for (double r = start_angle; r <= end_angle; r = r + foot)
{
if (is_x)
{
arc.x = center.x + a*cos(r);
arc.y = center.y + b*sin(r);
}
else
{
arc.x = center.x + b*cos(r);
arc.y = center.y + a*sin(r);
}
if (r == start_angle)
{
s = arc;
}
if (r == end_angle)
{
s = arc;
}
drawPoint(img, arc, color,thick);
putPicture(image);
}
}
void drawBear()
{
Point left_eye(190, 160);
Point right_eye(230, 160);
convert(left_eye);
convert(right_eye);
drawLine(image, Point(150, 100), Point(150, 180), Scalar(0, 0, 0),1);
//drawLine(image, Point(150, 220), Point(190, 200), Scalar(0, 0, 0),1);
drawArc(image, Point(165, 180), 15, PI,2*PI,Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawEarc(image, Point(210, 180), 50, PI, 2 * PI, 30, 8, Scalar(0, 0, 0),1,true);
drawArc(image, Point(255, 180), 15, PI, 2 * PI, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//drawLine(image, Point(230, 180), Point(270, 220), Scalar(0, 0, 0),1);
drawLine(image, Point(270, 180), Point(270, 100), Scalar(0, 0, 0),1);
//臉
drawPoint(image, left_eye, Scalar(0, 0, 0),5);
drawPoint(image, right_eye, Scalar(0, 0, 0),5);
putPicture(image);
drawEarc(image, Point(210, 140), 50, 0, 2 * PI, 6, 3, Scalar(0, 0, 0),5,true);
drawLine(image, Point(210, 143), Point(210, 125), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(210, 125), Point(200, 115), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(210, 125), Point(220, 115), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//手
drawLine(image, Point(150, 100), Point(90, 0), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(270, 100), Point(330, 0), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//左
drawLine(image, Point(50, 0), Point(70, -20), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(70, -20), Point(150, 40), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//右
drawLine(image, Point(370, 0), Point(350, -20), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(350, -20), Point(270, 40), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//身體
//左
drawEarc(image, Point(155, -40), 50, -1.5*PI, -0.5*PI, 100, 30, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1,false);
drawLine(image, Point(155, -140), Point(190, -140), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(190, -140), Point(190, -90), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//右
drawEarc(image, Point(265, -40), 50, -0.5*PI, 0.5*PI, 100, 30, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1, false);
drawLine(image, Point(270, -140), Point(240, -140), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(240, -140), Point(240, -90), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//drawLine(image, Point(190, -90), Point(240, -90), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawEarc(image, Point(215, -90), 50, PI, 2 * PI, 25, 8, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1, true);
}
void drawStar(Mat img,Point center,int a,Scalar color,int thick)
{
convert(center);
Point arc;
double foot=2*PI/360;
for (double i = -PI; i <= PI; i=i+foot)
{
/*arc.x = center.x + a*(2 * cos(i) - cos(2 * i));
arc.y = center.y + a*(2 * sin(i) - sin(2 * i));*/
arc.x = center.x + a*i*sin(PI*sin(i) / i);
arc.y = center.y + a*abs(i)*cos(PI*sin(i) / i);
drawPoint(img, arc, color, thick);
putPicture(image);
}
}
void drawRh()
{
Point left_eye(-240, 160);
Point right_eye(-180, 160);
Point left_nose(-240,85);
Point right_nose(-180,85);
convert(left_eye);
convert(right_eye);
convert(left_nose);
convert(right_nose);
drawArc(image, Point(-210, 130), 100, 0, 2 * PI, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//眼眶
drawArc(image, Point(-170, 170), 20, 0, 2 * PI, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawArc(image, Point(-250, 170), 20, 0, 2 * PI, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//眼球
drawPoint(image, left_eye, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 6);
putPicture(image);
drawPoint(image, right_eye, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 6);
putPicture(image);
//鼻子
drawEarc(image, Point(-210, 85), 50, 0, 2 * PI, 60, 30, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1, true);
//鼻孔
drawPoint(image, left_nose, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 9);
putPicture(image);
drawPoint(image, right_nose, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 9);
putPicture(image);
//左耳朵
drawLine(image, Point(-280, 207), Point(-280, 240), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(-280, 240), Point(-260, 220), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//右耳朵
drawLine(image, Point(-140, 207), Point(-140, 240), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(-140, 240), Point(-160, 220), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//身子
drawEarc(image, Point(-210, 95), 170, 0, 2*PI, 185,160,Scalar(0, 0, 0), 2,true);
//腳
drawArc(image, Point(-290, -80), 30, PI, 2 * PI, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(-320, -80), Point(-260, -80), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawArc(image, Point(-130, -80), 30, PI, 2 * PI, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(-160, -80), Point(-100, -80), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
}
int main()
{
printf("正在生成視頻,請稍后");
init();
drawBackground(true);
drawText();
drawBear();
drawRh();
drawStar(image, Point(0, 300), 40, Scalar(255, 255, 0), 2);
drawStar(image, Point(300, 300), 50, Scalar(255, 0, 255), 2);
drawStar(image, Point(0, 0), 35, Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2);
drawStar(image, Point(-350, 250), 35, Scalar(255, 0, 255), 2);
imshow("pig", image);
play();
waitKey();
return 0;
}
base.cpp
#include"base.h"
#include<math.h>
void MyLine(Mat img, Point start, Point end)
{
int thickness = 2;
int lineType = 8;
line(img,
start,
end,
Scalar(255, 255, 255),
thickness,
lineType);
}
void drawPoint(Mat img, Point center,Scalar color,int thick)
{
circle(img,
center,
thick,
color,
-1);
}
void drawEye(Mat img, Point center, Scalar color)
{
circle(img,
center,
5,
color,
-1);

