在自動化測試中,除了普通的值驗證,經常還有一些圖片驗證,比如圖片的匹配率,輸出圖片的差異圖片等。本文主要用到了BufferedImage類來操作圖片比對和輸出差異圖片,大體的思路如下:
1. 通過ImageIO讀入圖片,生成相應的BufferedImage實例(Image操作流)
2. 修改目標圖片的尺寸大小,以適應期望圖片的大小(為像素比對做准備)
3. 獲取每一個(width,height)的ARGB,並獲取相應的Red, Green,Blue的值
4. 按照每個像素點的R,G,B進行比較(需要定義允許的R,G,B的誤差)
5. 統計不同的像素點,生成diff圖片
代碼如下:
import javax.imageio.ImageIO; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.image.BufferedImage; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.text.DecimalFormat; public class ImageDiff { //不同的像素標記為紅色 public static final int RGB_RED = 16711680; //允許的Red,Green,Blue單個維度的像素差值 public static final int DIFF_ALLOW_RANGE = 5; //不同像素點統計值 public static int diffPointCount = 0; //從rgb值中抽取red public static int getRed(int rgbValue){ return rgbValue & 0xff0000 >> 16; } //從rgb值中抽取green public static int getGreen(int rgbValue){ return rgbValue & 0xff00 >> 8; } //從rgb值中抽取blue public static int getBlue(int rgbValue){ return rgbValue & 0xff; } /** * 比較兩圖片,並用紅色標出不同的像素點,然后保存差異圖片到本地,打印匹配率 * @param srcImgPath * @param targetImgPath */ public static void compareImages(String srcImgPath,String targetImgPath){ try { BufferedImage srcImg = ImageIO.read(new File(srcImgPath)); BufferedImage targetImg = ImageIO.read(new File(targetImgPath)); diffPointCount = 0; BufferedImage diffImg = srcImg; int srcHeight = srcImg.getHeight(); int srcWidth = srcImg.getWidth(); //修改待比較圖片的尺寸以適應源圖片的尺寸 targetImg = changeImageSize(targetImg,srcHeight,srcWidth); int srcRgb; int targetRgb; for(int h = 0;h<srcHeight;h++){ for(int w=0;w<srcWidth;w++){ srcRgb = srcImg.getRGB(w,h); targetRgb = targetImg.getRGB(w,h); if( Math.abs(getRed(srcRgb) - getRed(targetRgb))>DIFF_ALLOW_RANGE || Math.abs(getGreen(srcRgb) - getGreen(targetRgb))>DIFF_ALLOW_RANGE|| Math.abs(getBlue(srcRgb) - getBlue(targetRgb))>DIFF_ALLOW_RANGE){ diffImg.setRGB(w,h, RGB_RED); diffPointCount++; } } } //保存差異圖片 ImageIO.write(diffImg,"jpg",new File("diffImg.jpg")); System.out.println("保存差異圖片成功!"); //計算相似度(保留小數點后四位) int totalPixel = srcHeight*srcWidth; DecimalFormat decimalFormat = new DecimalFormat("#.####"); double matchRate = (totalPixel-diffPointCount)/(totalPixel*1.0); System.out.println("圖片相似度為: "+decimalFormat.format(matchRate)+"%"); }catch (Exception ex){ ex.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 修改BufferedImage中的圖片尺寸,以便和源圖片進行比較 * @param image * @param newHeight * @param newWidth * @return */ public static BufferedImage changeImageSize(BufferedImage image,int newHeight,int newWidth){ Image img = image.getScaledInstance(newWidth,newHeight,Image.SCALE_SMOOTH); int width = img.getWidth(null); int height = img.getHeight(null); //獲取新圖片的BufferedImage實例 BufferedImage newBufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB); Graphics g = newBufferedImage.getGraphics(); g.drawImage(img, 0, 0, null); g.dispose(); return newBufferedImage; } public static void main(String[] args){ compareImages("1.jpg","2.jpg"); } }