劍指Offer面試題:18.二叉樹的鏡像


一、題目:二叉樹的鏡像

題目:請完成一個函數,輸入一個二叉樹,該函數輸出它的鏡像。例如下圖所示,左圖是原二叉樹,而右圖則是該二叉樹的鏡像。

  該二叉樹節點的定義如下,采用C#語言描述:

    public class BinaryTreeNode
    {
        public int Data { get; set; }
        public BinaryTreeNode leftChild { get; set; }
        public BinaryTreeNode rightChild { get; set; }

        public BinaryTreeNode(int data)
        {
            this.Data = data;
        }

        public BinaryTreeNode(int data, BinaryTreeNode left, BinaryTreeNode right)
        {
            this.Data = data;
            this.leftChild = left;
            this.rightChild = right;
        }
    }

二、解題思路

2.1 核心步驟

  Step1.先序遍歷原二叉樹的每個節點,如果遍歷到的結點有子結點,就交換它的兩個子結點。

  Step2.遞歸遍歷每個節點的子節點,同樣,如果遍歷到的子節點有子節點,就交換它的兩個子節點。

  當交換完所有非葉子結點的左右子結點之后,就得到了樹的鏡像。下圖展示了求二叉樹的鏡像的過程:

2.2 代碼實現

  (1)遞歸版實現

    public static void SetMirrorRecursively(BinaryTreeNode root)
    {
        if (root == null || (root.leftChild == null && root.rightChild == null))
        {
            return;
        }

        BinaryTreeNode tempNode = root.leftChild;
        root.leftChild = root.rightChild;
        root.rightChild = tempNode;

        if (root.leftChild != null)
        {
            // 遞歸調整左子樹為鏡像
            SetMirrorRecursively(root.leftChild);
        }

        if (root.rightChild != null)
        {
            // 遞歸調整右子樹為鏡像
            SetMirrorRecursively(root.rightChild);
        }
    }

  (2)循環版實現

    public static void SetMirrorIteratively(BinaryTreeNode root)
    {
        if (root == null)
        {
            return;
        }

        Stack<BinaryTreeNode> stack = new Stack<BinaryTreeNode>();
        stack.Push(root);

        while (stack.Count > 0)
        {
            BinaryTreeNode node = stack.Pop();

            BinaryTreeNode temp = node.leftChild;
            node.leftChild = node.rightChild;
            node.rightChild = temp;

            if (node.leftChild != null)
            {
                stack.Push(node.leftChild);
            }

            if (node.rightChild != null)
            {
                stack.Push(node.rightChild);
            }
        }
    }

三、單元測試

  為了便於測試,封裝了兩個輔助方法,設置孩子節點和生成層次遍歷的字符串:

    /// <summary>
    /// 輔助方法:設置root的lChild與rChild
    /// </summary>
    public void SetSubTreeNode(BinaryTreeNode root, BinaryTreeNode lChild, BinaryTreeNode rChild)
    {
        if (root == null)
        {
            return;
        }

        root.leftChild = lChild;
        root.rightChild = rChild;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 輔助方法:生成二叉樹元素的字符串用於對比
    /// </summary>
    public string GetNodeString(BinaryTreeNode root)
    {
        if (root == null)
        {
            return null;
        }

        StringBuilder sbResult = new StringBuilder();

        Queue<BinaryTreeNode> queueNodes = new Queue<BinaryTreeNode>();
        queueNodes.Enqueue(root);
        BinaryTreeNode tempNode = null;
        // 利用隊列先進先出的特性存儲節點並輸出
        while (queueNodes.Count > 0)
        {
            tempNode = queueNodes.Dequeue();
            sbResult.Append(tempNode.Data);

            if (tempNode.leftChild != null)
            {
                queueNodes.Enqueue(tempNode.leftChild);
            }

            if (tempNode.rightChild != null)
            {
                queueNodes.Enqueue(tempNode.rightChild);
            }
        }

        return sbResult.ToString();
    } 
View Code

3.1 功能測試

    // 01.測試完全二叉樹:除了葉子節點,其他節點都有兩個子節點
    //            8
    //        6      10
    //       5 7    9  11
    [TestMethod]
    public void MirrorTest1()
    {
        BinaryTreeNode node1 = new BinaryTreeNode(8);
        BinaryTreeNode node2 = new BinaryTreeNode(6);
        BinaryTreeNode node3 = new BinaryTreeNode(10);
        BinaryTreeNode node4 = new BinaryTreeNode(5);
        BinaryTreeNode node5 = new BinaryTreeNode(7);
        BinaryTreeNode node6 = new BinaryTreeNode(9);
        BinaryTreeNode node7 = new BinaryTreeNode(11);

        SetSubTreeNode(node1, node2, node3);
        SetSubTreeNode(node2, node4, node5);
        SetSubTreeNode(node3, node6, node7);

        BinaryTreeHelper.SetMirrorIteratively(node1);
        string completed = GetNodeString(node1);
        Assert.AreEqual(completed,"810611975");
    }

    // 02.測試二叉樹:出葉子結點之外,左右的結點都有且只有一個左子結點
    //            8
    //          7   
    //        6 
    //      5
    //    4
    [TestMethod]
    public void MirrorTest2()
    {
        BinaryTreeNode node1 = new BinaryTreeNode(8);
        BinaryTreeNode node2 = new BinaryTreeNode(7);
        BinaryTreeNode node3 = new BinaryTreeNode(6);
        BinaryTreeNode node4 = new BinaryTreeNode(5);
        BinaryTreeNode node5 = new BinaryTreeNode(4);

        node1.leftChild = node2;
        node2.leftChild = node3;
        node3.leftChild = node4;
        node4.leftChild = node5;

        BinaryTreeHelper.SetMirrorIteratively(node1);
        string completed = GetNodeString(node1);
        Assert.AreEqual(completed, "87654");
    }

    // 03.測試二叉樹:出葉子結點之外,左右的結點都有且只有一個右子結點
    //            8
    //             7   
    //              6 
    //               5
    //                4
    [TestMethod]
    public void MirrorTest3()
    {
        BinaryTreeNode node1 = new BinaryTreeNode(8);
        BinaryTreeNode node2 = new BinaryTreeNode(7);
        BinaryTreeNode node3 = new BinaryTreeNode(6);
        BinaryTreeNode node4 = new BinaryTreeNode(5);
        BinaryTreeNode node5 = new BinaryTreeNode(4);

        node1.rightChild = node2;
        node2.rightChild = node3;
        node3.rightChild = node4;
        node4.rightChild = node5;

        BinaryTreeHelper.SetMirrorIteratively(node1);
        string completed = GetNodeString(node1);
        Assert.AreEqual(completed, "87654");
    }

3.2 特殊輸入測試

    // 04.測試只有一個結點的二叉樹
    //    8
    [TestMethod]
    public void MirrorTest4()
    {
        BinaryTreeNode node1 = new BinaryTreeNode(8);

        BinaryTreeHelper.SetMirrorIteratively(node1);
        string completed = GetNodeString(node1);
        Assert.AreEqual(completed, "8");
    }

    // 05.測試空二叉樹:根結點為空指針
    [TestMethod]
    public void MirrorTest5()
    {
        BinaryTreeNode node1 = null;
        BinaryTreeHelper.SetMirrorIteratively(node1);
        string completed = GetNodeString(node1);
        Assert.AreEqual(completed, null);
    }

3.3 測試結果

  (1)測試通過情況

  (2)代碼覆蓋率

 


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