粗談OSPF的收斂

本文轉載自查看原文 2014-01-15 10:25 2936 H3CSE/ 收斂/ OSPF

所謂路由協議的收斂，就是指路由協議發現網內其他路由器並交換路由條目，直至所有路由條目都交換完成的過程。

OSPF協議在收斂后，應該保證所有路由器借口都在本地LSDB中。這就意味着網內所有路由器的LSDB在網絡收斂后都應該是一樣的。每一台路由器都知道網內所有路由鏈路。

在網絡收斂后，協議使用SPF算法，每台路由器都生成一個以自己為根節點的最短路徑優先樹。路由路徑由此生成。

OSPF協議維護着3張表，即鄰居表，LSDB（拓撲表）和路由表。這三張表按順序依次建立。

通過HELLO包，OSPF協議發現鄰居路由--> 通過LSA的交換完成LSDB --> 用過FPS算法得到路由表

為了顯示收斂的大致過程，這里顯示了追蹤HELLO包和ospf event可以做一個大體的了解，

拓撲如下：

此圖片是LITO模擬器的截圖

Fig1，演示收斂過程的拓撲

這里用G口是因為以太口是廣播型網絡，路由器之間必須選舉DR和BDR來形成鄰接關系。

以下紅字部分為注釋

在網絡建立之后，在R1上使用reset ospf 1 process重置ospf協議使其再次收斂，以下為R1的的狀態顯示

%Jan 13 20:46:33:175 2014 RT1 OSPF/5/OSPF_NBR_CHG: OSPF 1 Neighbor 15.15.15.2(GigabitEthernet0/0/0) from 2Way to Down.
%Jan 13 20:46:33:175 2014 RT1 OSPF/5/OSPF_NBR_CHG: OSPF 1 Neighbor 15.15.15.3(GigabitEthernet0/0/0) from Full to Down.
%Jan 13 20:46:33:175 2014 RT1 OSPF/5/OSPF_NBR_CHG: OSPF 1 Neighbor 15.15.15.4(GigabitEthernet0/0/0) from Full to Down.
OSPF 1: Intf 1.1.1.1 Rcv UnloopInd State Loopback -> Down.

R1發送第一個HELLO包，到224.0.0.5組播地址。RFC上說第一個HELLO包應該是廣播形式發送，可見廠商並沒有完全按照RFC上來實現。發送自己的RID1.1.1.1，DR和BDR均為0.0.0.0，這意味着這是一台新加入的路由器，其並不知道網絡中的選舉情況。但有材料上說在初次選舉時，DR和BDR值均為自己，但H3C看起來並沒有這么做。

滿足建立鄰居的條件

1. 廣播鏈路兩端的IP子網/子網掩碼匹配

2. HELLO包死亡時間匹配

3. 認證類型匹配

4. 認證密鑰匹配

5. 區域ID匹配

6. 其他類型的匹配，比如

*Jan 13 20:46:33:175 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: SEND Packet.
*Jan 13 20:46:33:191 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.1
*Jan 13 20:46:33:191 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:46:33:191 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 44.
*Jan 13 20:46:33:191 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 1.1.1.1, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 64156.
*Jan 13 20:46:33:191 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:46:33:191 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:46:33:191 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 0.0.0.0, BDR: 0.0.0.0.
OSPF 1: Intf 15.15.15.1 Rcv InterfaceDown State DROther -> Down.
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.2 Rcv KillNbr State 2Way -> Down.
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.3 Rcv KillNbr State Full -> Down.
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.4 Rcv KillNbr State Full -> Down.
Adding or Leaving the multicastgroup:5.0.0.224 Success, IfNetIndex: 1048584, PhysicalIndex: 7
OSPF 1: Intf 1.1.1.1 Rcv InterfaceUp State Down -> Loopback.
Adding or Leaving the multicastgroup:5.0.0.224 Success, IfNetIndex: 1048584, PhysicalIndex: 7

*Jan 13 20:46:33:191 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: SEND Packet.
*Jan 13 20:46:33:191 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.1
*Jan 13 20:46:33:191 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:46:33:191 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 44.
*Jan 13 20:46:33:191 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 1.1.1.1, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 64156.
*Jan 13 20:46:33:191 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:46:33:191 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:46:33:191 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 0.0.0.0, BDR: 0.0.0.0.
OSPF 1: Intf 15.15.15.1 Rcv InterfaceUp State Down -> Waiting.
<RT1>
*Jan 13 20:46:33:222 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:
OSPF: Recv packet from unknown non-shamlink/vlink nbr 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:33:222 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:
OSPF: Recv packet from unknown non-shamlink/vlink nbr 15.15.15.4.
*Jan 13 20:46:33:409 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:
OSPF: Recv packet from unknown non-shamlink/vlink nbr 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:33:596 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:
OSPF: Recv packet from unknown non-shamlink/vlink nbr 15.15.15.4.

首先收到了R3的回應，原地址為15.15.15.3，RID為3.3.3.3。這里返回的DR和BDR已經有值了。並且帶着3個已知的鄰居關系，R1，R2和R4。
*Jan 13 20:46:36:560 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: RECV Packet.
*Jan 13 20:46:36:560 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.3
*Jan 13 20:46:36:560 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:46:36:560 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:46:36:560 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 3.3.3.3, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:46:36:560 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:46:36:560 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:46:36:560 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:36:560 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.
*Jan 13 20:46:36:560 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 2.2.2.2.
*Jan 13 20:46:36:560 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 4.4.4.4.
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.3 Rcv HelloReceived State Down -> Init.

當R1看見自己的RID1.1.1.1出現在R3的回應中時，認為R3已經收到了R1的HELLO包，並且參數互相匹配。R1和R3互相都存在於對方的鄰居表內，此時的狀態由init變為2way關系。
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.3 Rcv 2WayReceived State Init -> 2Way.

*Jan 13 20:46:39:727 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: RECV Packet.
*Jan 13 20:46:39:727 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.4
*Jan 13 20:46:39:727 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:46:39:727 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:46:39:727 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 4.4.4.4, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:46:39:727 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:46:39:727 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:46:39:727 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:39:727 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.
*Jan 13 20:46:39:727 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 2.2.2.2.
*Jan 13 20:46:39:727 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 3.3.3.3.
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.4 Rcv HelloReceived State Down -> Init.

R1與R4形成2way關系
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.4 Rcv 2WayReceived State Init -> 2Way.

*Jan 13 20:46:40:070 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: SEND Packet.
*Jan 13 20:46:40:070 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.1
*Jan 13 20:46:40:070 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:46:40:070 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 52.
*Jan 13 20:46:40:070 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 1.1.1.1, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 60550.
*Jan 13 20:46:40:070 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:46:40:070 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:46:40:070 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 0.0.0.0, BDR: 0.0.0.0.
*Jan 13 20:46:40:070 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 3.3.3.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:40:070 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 4.4.4.4.

*Jan 13 20:46:40:273 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: RECV Packet.
*Jan 13 20:46:40:273 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.2
*Jan 13 20:46:40:273 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:46:40:273 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:46:40:273 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 2.2.2.2, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:46:40:273 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:46:40:289 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:46:40:289 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:40:289 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.
*Jan 13 20:46:40:289 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 3.3.3.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:40:289 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 4.4.4.4.
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.2 Rcv HelloReceived State Down -> Init.

R1與R2形成2way關系
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.2 Rcv 2WayReceived State Init -> 2Way.

*Jan 13 20:46:43:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: RECV Packet.
*Jan 13 20:46:43:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.3
*Jan 13 20:46:43:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:46:43:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:46:43:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 3.3.3.3, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:46:43:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:46:43:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:46:43:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:43:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.
*Jan 13 20:46:43:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 2.2.2.2.
*Jan 13 20:46:43:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 4.4.4.4.

此時R1與全部路由器均形成了2way關系。但是4.4.4.4和3.3.3.3是DR與BDR，而2.2.2.2為DRother關系。在廣播類型中，路由器與DR和BDR形成鄰接關系，與DRother保持2way關系，所以與2.2.2.2仍然是2way，但與3.3.3.3和4.4.4.4變成ExStart關系。
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.2 Rcv AdjOk? State 2Way -> 2Way.

在ExStart狀態下，協商參數，包括Master/Slave和DBD的seq_number。其中只有Master有能力增加交換DBD時的seq_number。
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.3 Rcv AdjOk? State 2Way -> ExStart.
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.4 Rcv AdjOk? State 2Way -> ExStart.
OSPF 1: Intf 15.15.15.1 Rcv BackupSeen State Waiting -> DROther.

路由器通過向鄰居發送DBD包來描述LSDB的摘要，每個DBD包都有一個顯式的seq_number。

OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.3 Rcv NegotiationDone State ExStart -> Exchange.

Loading狀態表示DBD包已經完成交換，路由器根據DBD的描述信息，發送LSR鏈路狀態請求數據包以取得自己沒有的LSA。鄰居路由器通過回應LSU數據包來更新LSDB。在LSU中包含了數條LSA。
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.3 Rcv ExchangeDone State Exchange -> Loading.
%Jan 13 20:46:44:017 2014 RT1 OSPF/5/OSPF_NBR_CHG: OSPF 1 Neighbor 15.15.15.3(GigabitEthernet0/0/0) from Loading to Full.

完全鄰接狀態是交換鏈路狀態之后的最終狀態。一般情況下，成功交換完成的OSPF都應該停留在這個狀態，但只有一個例外。在有DR和BDR存在的網絡中，DRother路由器僅僅與DR和BDR互為鄰接狀態，DRother之間保持在2way狀態。
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.3 Rcv LoadingDone State Loading -> Full.

*Jan 13 20:46:46:061 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: SEND Packet.
*Jan 13 20:46:46:061 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.1
*Jan 13 20:46:46:061 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:46:46:061 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:46:46:061 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 1.1.1.1, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:46:46:061 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:46:46:061 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:46:46:061 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:46:061 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 2.2.2.2.
*Jan 13 20:46:46:061 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 3.3.3.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:46:061 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 4.4.4.4.
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.4 Rcv NegotiationDone State ExStart -> Exchange.

*Jan 13 20:46:47:122 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: RECV Packet.
*Jan 13 20:46:47:122 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.4
*Jan 13 20:46:47:122 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:46:47:122 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:46:47:122 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 4.4.4.4, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:46:47:122 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:46:47:122 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:46:47:122 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:47:137 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.
*Jan 13 20:46:47:137 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 2.2.2.2.
*Jan 13 20:46:47:137 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 3.3.3.3.
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.4 Rcv ExchangeDone State Exchange -> Loading.
%Jan 13 20:46:47:169 2014 RT1 OSPF/5/OSPF_NBR_CHG: OSPF 1 Neighbor 15.15.15.4(GigabitEthernet0/0/0) from Loading to Full.
OSPF 1: Nbr 15.15.15.4 Rcv LoadingDone State Loading -> Full.

*Jan 13 20:46:47:652 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: RECV Packet.
*Jan 13 20:46:47:652 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.2
*Jan 13 20:46:47:652 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:46:47:652 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:46:47:652 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 2.2.2.2, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:46:47:652 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:46:47:652 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:46:47:652 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:47:652 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.
*Jan 13 20:46:47:652 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 3.3.3.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:47:652 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 4.4.4.4.

*Jan 13 20:46:50:694 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: RECV Packet.
*Jan 13 20:46:50:694 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.3
*Jan 13 20:46:50:694 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:46:50:694 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:46:50:694 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 3.3.3.3, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:46:50:694 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:46:50:694 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:46:50:694 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:50:694 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.
*Jan 13 20:46:50:694 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 2.2.2.2.
*Jan 13 20:46:50:694 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 4.4.4.4.

*Jan 13 20:46:52:831 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: SEND Packet.
*Jan 13 20:46:52:831 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.1
*Jan 13 20:46:52:831 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:46:52:831 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:46:52:831 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 1.1.1.1, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:46:52:831 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:46:52:831 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:46:52:831 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:52:831 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 2.2.2.2.
*Jan 13 20:46:52:831 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 3.3.3.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:52:831 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 4.4.4.4.u

*Jan 13 20:46:53:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: RECV Packet.
*Jan 13 20:46:53:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.4
*Jan 13 20:46:53:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:46:53:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:46:53:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 4.4.4.4, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:46:53:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:46:53:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:46:53:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:53:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.
*Jan 13 20:46:53:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 2.2.2.2.
*Jan 13 20:46:53:970 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 3.3.3.3.ndo t

*Jan 13 20:46:55:078 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: RECV Packet.
*Jan 13 20:46:55:078 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.2
*Jan 13 20:46:55:078 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:46:55:078 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:46:55:078 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 2.2.2.2, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:46:55:078 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:46:55:078 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:46:55:078 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:55:078 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.
*Jan 13 20:46:55:078 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 3.3.3.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:55:078 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 4.4.4.4.er

*Jan 13 20:46:58:104 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: RECV Packet.
*Jan 13 20:46:58:104 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.3
*Jan 13 20:46:58:104 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:46:58:104 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:46:58:104 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 3.3.3.3, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:46:58:104 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:46:58:104 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:46:58:104 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:46:58:104 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.
*Jan 13 20:46:58:104 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 2.2.2.2.
*Jan 13 20:46:58:104 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 4.4.4.4.

發送HELLO包到組播地址以保持自己的生存狀態。
*Jan 13 20:47:00:226 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: SEND Packet.
*Jan 13 20:47:00:226 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.1
*Jan 13 20:47:00:226 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:47:00:226 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:47:00:226 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 1.1.1.1, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:47:00:226 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:47:00:226 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:47:00:226 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:47:00:226 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 2.2.2.2.
*Jan 13 20:47:00:226 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 3.3.3.3.
*Jan 13 20:47:00:226 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 4.4.4.4.

*Jan 13 20:47:01:365 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: RECV Packet.
*Jan 13 20:47:01:365 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.4
*Jan 13 20:47:01:365 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:47:01:365 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:47:01:365 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 4.4.4.4, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:47:01:365 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:47:01:365 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:47:01:365 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:47:01:365 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.
*Jan 13 20:47:01:365 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 2.2.2.2.
*Jan 13 20:47:01:365 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 3.3.3.3.de b

*Jan 13 20:47:02:472 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: RECV Packet.
*Jan 13 20:47:02:472 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.2
*Jan 13 20:47:02:472 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:47:02:472 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:47:02:472 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 2.2.2.2, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:47:02:472 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:47:02:472 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:47:02:472 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:47:02:472 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.
*Jan 13 20:47:02:472 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 3.3.3.3.
*Jan 13 20:47:02:472 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 4.4.4.4.
^
% Too many parameters found at '^' position.
<RT1>

*Jan 13 20:47:03:283 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: RECV Packet.
*Jan 13 20:47:03:283 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.3
*Jan 13 20:47:03:283 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:47:03:299 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:47:03:299 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 3.3.3.3, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:47:03:299 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:47:03:299 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:47:03:299 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:47:03:299 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.
*Jan 13 20:47:03:299 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 2.2.2.2.
*Jan 13 20:47:03:299 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 4.4.4.4.undo ter

*Jan 13 20:47:07:620 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: SEND Packet.
*Jan 13 20:47:07:620 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.1
*Jan 13 20:47:07:620 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:47:07:620 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:47:07:620 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 1.1.1.1, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:47:07:620 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:47:07:620 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:47:07:620 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:47:07:620 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 2.2.2.2.
*Jan 13 20:47:07:620 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 3.3.3.3.
*Jan 13 20:47:07:620 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 4.4.4.4. de

*Jan 13 20:47:08:494 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: RECV Packet.
*Jan 13 20:47:08:494 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.3
*Jan 13 20:47:08:494 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:47:08:494 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:47:08:494 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 3.3.3.3, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:47:08:494 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:47:08:494 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:47:08:494 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:47:08:494 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.
*Jan 13 20:47:08:494 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 2.2.2.2.
*Jan 13 20:47:08:494 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 4.4.4.4.b

*Jan 13 20:47:08:775 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: RECV Packet.
*Jan 13 20:47:08:775 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.4
*Jan 13 20:47:08:775 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:47:08:775 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:47:08:775 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 4.4.4.4, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:47:08:775 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:47:08:775 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:47:08:775 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:47:08:775 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.
*Jan 13 20:47:08:775 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 2.2.2.2.
*Jan 13 20:47:08:775 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 3.3.3.3.

*Jan 13 20:47:09:133 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: OSPF 1: RECV Packet.
*Jan 13 20:47:09:133 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Source Address: 15.15.15.2
*Jan 13 20:47:09:133 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Destination Address: 224.0.0.5
*Jan 13 20:47:09:133 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 56.
*Jan 13 20:47:09:133 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Router: 2.2.2.2, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 44121.
*Jan 13 20:47:09:133 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.
*Jan 13 20:47:09:133 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.
*Jan 13 20:47:09:133 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 15.15.15.4, BDR: 15.15.15.3.
*Jan 13 20:47:09:133 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.
*Jan 13 20:47:09:133 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 3.3.3.3.
*Jan 13 20:47:09:133 2014 RT1 RM/6/RMDEBUG: Attached Neighbor: 4.4.4.4
Info: Current terminal debugging is off.

<RT1>

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