本章旨在討論中國人撰寫英文科技論文時，失常誤用的字詞及片語。
可以用一次詞表達清楚的，絕不用多個詞，不管是動詞介詞都是這樣，一個簡練。
1 a lot of是口語，因此在正式論文中應該避免使用，而應改用many， much， a great deal of.
2 abvoe 的用法
ex: we can now apply the above technique... (如果剛提及該技術，則是正確的寫法，否則就該用一下的寫法。)
we can now apply the technique introduced in section 2...
we can now apply the technique introduced earlier...
3 and 一般而言，英文句子不應以and開頭
4 一般不用anymore，將句子改成 no longer.
5 apparently有“顯然”之意，但是也有“似乎為真”之意，因此要表示顯然這一層意思時，要用obviously或者clearly，避免歧義。
6 Appendix （要大寫，不管是否是在句首）
當只有一個附錄時，應該用the Appendix，而當有多個附錄時，應該用Appendix A, Appendix B。
wrong ex: the proof of Theorem I is stated in detail in Appendix.
right ex: the proof of Theorem I is stated in detail in the Appendix.
right ex: the proof of Theorem I is stated in detail in Appendix A.
7 approach V 接近，后面不用接to，比如接近0， approach zero。
8 As follows/the following/as shown below
9
As mentioned above/as mentioned previously
As mentioned above 指的是剛剛才提過的讀者還印象鮮明的內容，意思類似於as just mentioned
as mentioned previously 指的是前幾段提到的
最好用清楚的指代，比如as mentioned in Section 2
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As you know 科技論文中不要出現這個詞
Basically 人們常常濫用這個詞，最好不要用
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As well as:與and的用法不同，主要用於強調前者；
Ex：john as well as mary is coming. 這里強調的是john，讀者知道本來mary要來，但是不知道john也要來
12
Assume 后面不應該接as正確的寫法應該是assume to be/that
Wrong ex: the parameters of the price indices can be assumed as constants.
Right ex: the parameters of the price indices can be assumed to be constants.
Right ex: we assume that the parameters of the price indices are constants.
13
Based on 放於句首是錯誤的，應使用on the basic of/according to來取代，我在這里的誤區是認為on the basic of/according to后面要跟從句，這是錯誤的。
Wrong ex: based on the conventional method, the closed form solution can be written as follows.
Right ex: according to the conventional method, the closed form solution can be written as follows.
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Because of the fact that這是個冗長的短語，只要用because即可。
Bad ex：because of the fact that the system is intended for real-time processing, a faster algorithm is needed.
Good ex: because the system is intended for real-time processing, a faster algorithm is needed.
15
Besides 在正式的英文文章中，不應以besides作為連接副詞來表達“此外”之意。應該使用 in addition, moreover或furthermore來表達。
Bad ex: besides, the following problem arises when we consider the effects of friction.
Good ex: in addition, the following problem arises when we consider the effects of friction.
16
Better是一個普遍的贊美詞，但是語義模糊，所以盡量用准確的形容詞。
模糊ex：our algorithm is better than the conventional one.
准確ex：our algorithm is faster than the conventional one.
准確ex：our algorithm is more accurate than the conventional one.
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Build，在科技論文中用construct比用build更合適
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But，與and一樣，句子一般不用but開頭，可以用however取代
By this way是錯誤的短語，正確是in this way.
Wrong ex: by this way, we can obtain the solution to equation(7).
Right ex: in this way, we can obtain the solution to equation(7).
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Call 后面不能加as，refer to后面加as
Wrong ex: we shall call this this algorithm as the new GA.
Right ex: we shall call this this algorithm the new GA.
Right ex: we shall refer to this this algorithm as the new GA.
20
Can 在英文中，can常常是累贅而應加以省略的字詞，沒必要出現時就省略。
Bad ex: our method can find the optimal solution quickly.
Good ex: our method finds the optimal solution quickly.
21
Cannot 在英文寫作中，我們通常把cannot看做一個詞，而不是當做兩個，並且在正式文章中，一般不用縮寫。
22
Case 后面的關系代詞，必須使用in which 或when，不能使用that。
Wrong ex: let us now examine the case that q is greater than 0.
Right ex: let us now examine the case in which q is greater than 0.
23
Classical, traditional, conventional
Classical 指的是經典的方法
Traditional 指的是已經用了很久的方法，或許已經有人又提出新的方法了
Conventional 如果作者用這個詞，一般意味着他提出了一個新的方法
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Data 在正式的文章中，data應該當做復數
25
Demonstrate與illustrate, depict和present不一樣
The figure 5 illustrates / depicts / presents …，此時動詞不能用demonstrate
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Especially/particularly 放在句首是錯誤的用法，應該用in particular
Wrong ex：our algorithm performs fast, especially/particularly, algorithm 3 is nearly twice as fast as the conventional method.
Right ex: our algorithm performs fast, in particular, algorithm 3 is nearly twice as fast as the conventional method.
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In other words 換句話說，in a word 是簡單的說，很少出現在科技文中
Namely 即，很多時候是不必要的可以省略
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Owing to the fact that, 冗長的句子，應該用because或者since代替
The reason for this is that 冗長，直接用this is because
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Research on， research用的介詞是on
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Reveal 指揭露被掩蓋的事實，所以用indicate或者show比較恰當
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Then， 用法要注意
Wrong ex: the samples were dipped into the solution, then they were washed with water.
Right ex: the samples were dipped into the solution, and then they were washed with water.
Right ex: the samples were dipped into the solution. Then they were washed with water.
32
Totally是“完全”的意思，而不能表示“總共”的意思，“總共”要用 a total of/altogether
Wrong ex: there are totally three solutions.
Right ex: there are a total of three solutions.
Right ex: there are three solutions altogether.
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Until now, 到目前為止，在科技論文中，最好用to date
Bad ex: until now, however, the effect of boron on the reaction has not been examined.
Good ex: to date, however, the effect of boron on the reaction has not been examined.
34
Whether or not, or not一般要省略，比較簡潔