最近有項目要做一個高性能網絡服務器,決定下功夫搞定完成端口(IOCP),最終花了一個星期終於把它弄清楚了,並用C++寫了一個版本,效率很不錯。
但,從項目的總體需求來考慮,最終決定上.net平台,因此又花了一天一夜弄出了一個C#版,在這與大家分享。
一些心得體會:
1、在C#中,不用去面對完成端口的操作系統內核對象,Microsoft已經為我們提供了SocketAsyncEventArgs類,它封裝了IOCP的使用。請參考:http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.net.sockets.socketasynceventargs.aspx?cs-save-lang=1&cs-lang=cpp#code-snippet-1。
2、我的SocketAsyncEventArgsPool類使用List對象來存儲對客戶端來通信的SocketAsyncEventArgs對象,它相當於直接使用內核對象時的IoContext。我這樣設計比用堆棧來實現的好處理是,我可以在SocketAsyncEventArgsPool池中找到任何一個與服務器連接的客戶,主動向它發信息。而用堆棧來實現的話,要主動給客戶發信息,則還要設計一個結構來存儲已連接上服務器的客戶。
3、對每一個客戶端不管還發送還是接收,我使用同一個SocketAsyncEventArgs對象,對每一個客戶端來說,通信是同步進行的,也就是說服務器高度保證同一個客戶連接上要么在投遞發送請求,並等待;或者是在投遞接收請求,等待中。本例只做echo服務器,還未考慮由服務器主動向客戶發送信息。
4、SocketAsyncEventArgs的UserToken被直接設定為被接受的客戶端Socket。
5、沒有使用BufferManager 類,因為我在初始化時給每一個SocketAsyncEventArgsPool中的對象分配一個緩沖區,發送時使用Arrary.Copy來進行字符拷貝,不去改變緩沖區的位置,只改變使用的長度,因此在下次投遞接收請求時恢復緩沖區長度就可以了!如果要主動給客戶發信息的話,可以new一個SocketAsyncEventArgs對象,或者在初始化中建立幾個來專門用於主動發送信息,因為這種需求一般是進行信息群發,建立一個對象可以用於很多次信息發送,總體來看,這種花銷不大,還減去了字符拷貝和消耗。
6、測試結果:(在我的筆記本上時行的,我的本本是T420 I7 8G內存)
100客戶 100,000(十萬次)不間斷的發送接收數據(發送和接收之間沒有Sleep,就一個一循環,不斷的發送與接收)
耗時3004.6325 秒完成
總共 10,000,000 一千萬次訪問
平均每分完成 199,691.6 次發送與接收
平均每秒完成 3,328.2 次發送與接收
整個運行過程中,內存消耗在開始兩三分種后就保持穩定不再增漲。
看了一下對每個客戶端的延遲最多不超過2毫秒,CPU占用在8%左右。
7、下載地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/ztk12/4928644
8、源碼:

1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Text; 4 using System.Net.Sockets; 5 6 namespace IocpServer 7 { 8 /// <summary> 9 /// 與每個客戶Socket相關聯,進行Send和Receive投遞時所需要的參數 10 /// </summary> 11 internal sealed class IoContextPool 12 { 13 List<SocketAsyncEventArgs> pool; //為每一個Socket客戶端分配一個SocketAsyncEventArgs,用一個List管理,在程序啟動時建立。 14 Int32 capacity; //pool對象池的容量 15 Int32 boundary; //已分配和未分配對象的邊界,大的是已經分配的,小的是未分配的 16 17 internal IoContextPool(Int32 capacity) 18 { 19 this.pool = new List<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(capacity); 20 this.boundary = 0; 21 this.capacity = capacity; 22 } 23 24 /// <summary> 25 /// 往pool對象池中增加新建立的對象,因為這個程序在啟動時會建立好所有對象, 26 /// 故這個方法只在初始化時會被調用,因此,沒有加鎖。 27 /// </summary> 28 /// <param name="arg"></param> 29 /// <returns></returns> 30 internal bool Add(SocketAsyncEventArgs arg) 31 { 32 if (arg != null && pool.Count < capacity) 33 { 34 pool.Add(arg); 35 boundary++; 36 return true; 37 } 38 else 39 return false; 40 } 41 42 /// <summary> 43 /// 取出集合中指定對象,內部使用 44 /// </summary> 45 /// <param name="index"></param> 46 /// <returns></returns> 47 //internal SocketAsyncEventArgs Get(int index) 48 //{ 49 // if (index >= 0 && index < capacity) 50 // return pool[index]; 51 // else 52 // return null; 53 //} 54 55 /// <summary> 56 /// 從對象池中取出一個對象,交給一個socket來進行投遞請求操作 57 /// </summary> 58 /// <returns></returns> 59 internal SocketAsyncEventArgs Pop() 60 { 61 lock (this.pool) 62 { 63 if (boundary > 0) 64 { 65 --boundary; 66 return pool[boundary]; 67 } 68 else 69 return null; 70 } 71 } 72 73 /// <summary> 74 /// 一個socket客戶斷開,與其相關的IoContext被釋放,重新投入Pool中,備用。 75 /// </summary> 76 /// <param name="arg"></param> 77 /// <returns></returns> 78 internal bool Push(SocketAsyncEventArgs arg) 79 { 80 if (arg != null) 81 { 82 lock (this.pool) 83 { 84 int index = this.pool.IndexOf(arg, boundary); //找出被斷開的客戶,此處一定能查到,因此index不可能為-1,必定要大於0。 85 if (index == boundary) //正好是邊界元素 86 boundary++; 87 else 88 { 89 this.pool[index] = this.pool[boundary]; //將斷開客戶移到邊界上,邊界右移 90 this.pool[boundary++] = arg; 91 } 92 } 93 return true; 94 } 95 else 96 return false; 97 } 98 } 99 }

1 using System; 2 using System.Collections.Generic; 3 using System.Text; 4 using System.Net.Sockets; 5 using System.Threading; 6 using System.Net; 7 8 namespace IocpServer 9 { 10 /// <summary> 11 /// 基於SocketAsyncEventArgs 實現 IOCP 服務器 12 /// </summary> 13 internal sealed class IoServer 14 { 15 /// <summary> 16 /// 監聽Socket,用於接受客戶端的連接請求 17 /// </summary> 18 private Socket listenSocket; 19 20 /// <summary> 21 /// 用於服務器執行的互斥同步對象 22 /// </summary> 23 private static Mutex mutex = new Mutex(); 24 25 /// <summary> 26 /// 用於每個I/O Socket操作的緩沖區大小 27 /// </summary> 28 private Int32 bufferSize; 29 30 /// <summary> 31 /// 服務器上連接的客戶端總數 32 /// </summary> 33 private Int32 numConnectedSockets; 34 35 /// <summary> 36 /// 服務器能接受的最大連接數量 37 /// </summary> 38 private Int32 numConnections; 39 40 /// <summary> 41 /// 完成端口上進行投遞所用的IoContext對象池 42 /// </summary> 43 private IoContextPool ioContextPool; 44 45 public MainForm mainForm; 46 47 /// <summary> 48 /// 構造函數,建立一個未初始化的服務器實例 49 /// </summary> 50 /// <param name="numConnections">服務器的最大連接數據</param> 51 /// <param name="bufferSize"></param> 52 internal IoServer(Int32 numConnections, Int32 bufferSize) 53 { 54 this.numConnectedSockets = 0; 55 this.numConnections = numConnections; 56 this.bufferSize = bufferSize; 57 58 this.ioContextPool = new IoContextPool(numConnections); 59 60 // 為IoContextPool預分配SocketAsyncEventArgs對象 61 for (Int32 i = 0; i < this.numConnections; i++) 62 { 63 SocketAsyncEventArgs ioContext = new SocketAsyncEventArgs(); 64 ioContext.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(OnIOCompleted); 65 ioContext.SetBuffer(new Byte[this.bufferSize], 0, this.bufferSize); 66 67 // 將預分配的對象加入SocketAsyncEventArgs對象池中 68 this.ioContextPool.Add(ioContext); 69 } 70 } 71 72 /// <summary> 73 /// 當Socket上的發送或接收請求被完成時,調用此函數 74 /// </summary> 75 /// <param name="sender">激發事件的對象</param> 76 /// <param name="e">與發送或接收完成操作相關聯的SocketAsyncEventArg對象</param> 77 private void OnIOCompleted(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e) 78 { 79 // Determine which type of operation just completed and call the associated handler. 80 switch (e.LastOperation) 81 { 82 case SocketAsyncOperation.Receive: 83 this.ProcessReceive(e); 84 break; 85 case SocketAsyncOperation.Send: 86 this.ProcessSend(e); 87 break; 88 default: 89 throw new ArgumentException("The last operation completed on the socket was not a receive or send"); 90 } 91 } 92 93 /// <summary> 94 ///接收完成時處理函數 95 /// </summary> 96 /// <param name="e">與接收完成操作相關聯的SocketAsyncEventArg對象</param> 97 private void ProcessReceive(SocketAsyncEventArgs e) 98 { 99 // 檢查遠程主機是否關閉連接 100 if (e.BytesTransferred > 0) 101 { 102 if (e.SocketError == SocketError.Success) 103 { 104 Socket s = (Socket)e.UserToken; 105 //判斷所有需接收的數據是否已經完成 106 if (s.Available == 0) 107 { 108 // 設置發送數據 109 Array.Copy(e.Buffer, 0, e.Buffer, e.BytesTransferred, e.BytesTransferred); 110 e.SetBuffer(e.Offset, e.BytesTransferred * 2); 111 if (!s.SendAsync(e)) //投遞發送請求,這個函數有可能同步發送出去,這時返回false,並且不會引發SocketAsyncEventArgs.Completed事件 112 { 113 // 同步發送時處理發送完成事件 114 this.ProcessSend(e); 115 } 116 } 117 else if (!s.ReceiveAsync(e)) //為接收下一段數據,投遞接收請求,這個函數有可能同步完成,這時返回false,並且不會引發SocketAsyncEventArgs.Completed事件 118 { 119 // 同步接收時處理接收完成事件 120 this.ProcessReceive(e); 121 } 122 } 123 else 124 { 125 this.ProcessError(e); 126 } 127 } 128 else 129 { 130 this.CloseClientSocket(e); 131 } 132 } 133 134 /// <summary> 135 /// 發送完成時處理函數 136 /// </summary> 137 /// <param name="e">與發送完成操作相關聯的SocketAsyncEventArg對象</param> 138 private void ProcessSend(SocketAsyncEventArgs e) 139 { 140 if (e.SocketError == SocketError.Success) 141 { 142 Socket s = (Socket)e.UserToken; 143 144 //接收時根據接收的字節數收縮了緩沖區的大小,因此投遞接收請求時,恢復緩沖區大小 145 e.SetBuffer(0, bufferSize); 146 if (!s.ReceiveAsync(e)) //投遞接收請求 147 { 148 // 同步接收時處理接收完成事件 149 this.ProcessReceive(e); 150 } 151 } 152 else 153 { 154 this.ProcessError(e); 155 } 156 } 157 158 /// <summary> 159 /// 處理socket錯誤 160 /// </summary> 161 /// <param name="e"></param> 162 private void ProcessError(SocketAsyncEventArgs e) 163 { 164 Socket s = e.UserToken as Socket; 165 IPEndPoint localEp = s.LocalEndPoint as IPEndPoint; 166 167 this.CloseClientSocket(s, e); 168 169 string outStr = String.Format("套接字錯誤 {0}, IP {1}, 操作 {2}。", (Int32)e.SocketError, localEp, e.LastOperation); 170 mainForm.Invoke(mainForm.setlistboxcallback, outStr); 171 //Console.WriteLine("Socket error {0} on endpoint {1} during {2}.", (Int32)e.SocketError, localEp, e.LastOperation); 172 } 173 174 /// <summary> 175 /// 關閉socket連接 176 /// </summary> 177 /// <param name="e">SocketAsyncEventArg associated with the completed send/receive operation.</param> 178 private void CloseClientSocket(SocketAsyncEventArgs e) 179 { 180 Socket s = e.UserToken as Socket; 181 this.CloseClientSocket(s, e); 182 } 183 184 private void CloseClientSocket(Socket s, SocketAsyncEventArgs e) 185 { 186 Interlocked.Decrement(ref this.numConnectedSockets); 187 188 // SocketAsyncEventArg 對象被釋放,壓入可重用隊列。 189 this.ioContextPool.Push(e); 190 string outStr = String.Format("客戶 {0} 斷開, 共有 {1} 個連接。", s.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(), this.numConnectedSockets); 191 mainForm.Invoke(mainForm.setlistboxcallback, outStr); 192 //Console.WriteLine("A client has been disconnected from the server. There are {0} clients connected to the server", this.numConnectedSockets); 193 try 194 { 195 s.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Send); 196 } 197 catch (Exception) 198 { 199 // Throw if client has closed, so it is not necessary to catch. 200 } 201 finally 202 { 203 s.Close(); 204 } 205 } 206 207 /// <summary> 208 /// accept 操作完成時回調函數 209 /// </summary> 210 /// <param name="sender">Object who raised the event.</param> 211 /// <param name="e">SocketAsyncEventArg associated with the completed accept operation.</param> 212 private void OnAcceptCompleted(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e) 213 { 214 this.ProcessAccept(e); 215 } 216 217 /// <summary> 218 /// 監聽Socket接受處理 219 /// </summary> 220 /// <param name="e">SocketAsyncEventArg associated with the completed accept operation.</param> 221 private void ProcessAccept(SocketAsyncEventArgs e) 222 { 223 Socket s = e.AcceptSocket; 224 if (s.Connected) 225 { 226 try 227 { 228 SocketAsyncEventArgs ioContext = this.ioContextPool.Pop(); 229 if (ioContext != null) 230 { 231 // 從接受的客戶端連接中取數據配置ioContext 232 233 ioContext.UserToken = s; 234 235 Interlocked.Increment(ref this.numConnectedSockets); 236 string outStr = String.Format("客戶 {0} 連入, 共有 {1} 個連接。", s.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(),this.numConnectedSockets); 237 mainForm.Invoke(mainForm.setlistboxcallback,outStr); 238 //Console.WriteLine("Client connection accepted. There are {0} clients connected to the server", 239 //this.numConnectedSockets); 240 241 if (!s.ReceiveAsync(ioContext)) 242 { 243 this.ProcessReceive(ioContext); 244 } 245 } 246 else //已經達到最大客戶連接數量,在這接受連接,發送“連接已經達到最大數”,然后斷開連接 247 { 248 s.Send(Encoding.Default.GetBytes("連接已經達到最大數!")); 249 string outStr = String.Format("連接已滿,拒絕 {0} 的連接。", s.RemoteEndPoint); 250 mainForm.Invoke(mainForm.setlistboxcallback, outStr); 251 s.Close(); 252 } 253 } 254 catch (SocketException ex) 255 { 256 Socket token = e.UserToken as Socket; 257 string outStr = String.Format("接收客戶 {0} 數據出錯, 異常信息: {1} 。", token.RemoteEndPoint, ex.ToString()); 258 mainForm.Invoke(mainForm.setlistboxcallback, outStr); 259 //Console.WriteLine("Error when processing data received from {0}:\r\n{1}", token.RemoteEndPoint, ex.ToString()); 260 } 261 catch (Exception ex) 262 { 263 mainForm.Invoke(mainForm.setlistboxcallback, "異常:" + ex.ToString()); 264 } 265 // 投遞下一個接受請求 266 this.StartAccept(e); 267 } 268 } 269 270 /// <summary> 271 /// 從客戶端開始接受一個連接操作 272 /// </summary> 273 /// <param name="acceptEventArg">The context object to use when issuing 274 /// the accept operation on the server's listening socket.</param> 275 private void StartAccept(SocketAsyncEventArgs acceptEventArg) 276 { 277 if (acceptEventArg == null) 278 { 279 acceptEventArg = new SocketAsyncEventArgs(); 280 acceptEventArg.Completed += new EventHandler<SocketAsyncEventArgs>(OnAcceptCompleted); 281 } 282 else 283 { 284 // 重用前進行對象清理 285 acceptEventArg.AcceptSocket = null; 286 } 287 288 if (!this.listenSocket.AcceptAsync(acceptEventArg)) 289 { 290 this.ProcessAccept(acceptEventArg); 291 } 292 } 293 294 /// <summary> 295 /// 啟動服務,開始監聽 296 /// </summary> 297 /// <param name="port">Port where the server will listen for connection requests.</param> 298 internal void Start(Int32 port) 299 { 300 // 獲得主機相關信息 301 IPAddress[] addressList = Dns.GetHostEntry(Environment.MachineName).AddressList; 302 IPEndPoint localEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(addressList[addressList.Length - 1], port); 303 304 // 創建監聽socket 305 this.listenSocket = new Socket(localEndPoint.AddressFamily, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); 306 this.listenSocket.ReceiveBufferSize = this.bufferSize; 307 this.listenSocket.SendBufferSize = this.bufferSize; 308 309 if (localEndPoint.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetworkV6) 310 { 311 // 配置監聽socket為 dual-mode (IPv4 & IPv6) 312 // 27 is equivalent to IPV6_V6ONLY socket option in the winsock snippet below, 313 this.listenSocket.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.IPv6, (SocketOptionName)27, false); 314 this.listenSocket.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.IPv6Any, localEndPoint.Port)); 315 } 316 else 317 { 318 this.listenSocket.Bind(localEndPoint); 319 } 320 321 // 開始監聽 322 this.listenSocket.Listen(this.numConnections); 323 324 // 在監聽Socket上投遞一個接受請求。 325 this.StartAccept(null); 326 327 // Blocks the current thread to receive incoming messages. 328 mutex.WaitOne(); 329 } 330 331 /// <summary> 332 /// 停止服務 333 /// </summary> 334 internal void Stop() 335 { 336 this.listenSocket.Close(); 337 mutex.ReleaseMutex(); 338 } 339 340 } 341 }