一、實驗目標
- 掌握RIP協議的配置方法；
- 掌握查看通過動態路由協議RIP學習產生的路由；
- 熟悉廣域網線纜的連接方式；
二、實驗背景
假設校園網通過一台三層交換機連到校園網出口路由器上，路由器再和校園外的另一台路由器連接。現要做適當配置，實現校園網內部主機與校園網外部主機之間的相互通信。為了簡化網管的管理維護工作，學校決定采用RIP V2協議實現互通。
三、技術原理
RIP（Routing Information Protocols），路由信息協議，是應用較早、使用較普通的IGP內部網關協議，適用於小型同類網絡，是距離矢量協議；
RIP協議以跳數衡量路徑開銷，RIP協議里規定最大跳數為15；
RIP協議有兩個版本：RIPv1和RIPv2，RIPv1屬於有類路由協議，不支持VLSM，以廣播形式進行路由信息的更新，更新周期為30秒；RIPv2屬於無類路由協議，支持VLSM，以組播形式進行路由更新。
四、實驗步驟
實驗拓撲
1、在三層交換機上划分VLAN10和VLAN20，其中VLAN10用於連接校園網主機，VLAN20用於連接R1；
2、路由器之間通過V.35電纜通過串口連接，DCE端連接在R1上，配置其時間頻率為64000；
3、主機和交換機通過直連線連接，主機與路由器通過交叉線連接；
4、在S3560上配置RIPv2路由協議；
5、在路由器R1、R2上配置RIPv2路由協議；
6、將PC1、PC2主機默認網關分別設置為與直連網絡設備接口IP地址；
7、驗證PC1、PC2主機之間可以互相通信；
S3560:
Switch>
Switch>en
Switch#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#hostname S3560
S3560(config)#vlan 10
S3560(config-vlan)#exit
S3560(config)#vlan 20
S3560(config-vlan)#exit
S3560(config)#interface fa0/10
S3560(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
S3560(config-if)#exit
S3560(config)#interface fa0/20
S3560(config-if)#switchport access vlan 20
S3560(config-if)#exit
S3560(config)#interface vlan 10
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan10, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan10, changed state to up
S3560(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
S3560(config-if)#exit
S3560(config)#interface vlan 20
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan20, changed state to up
S3560(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
S3560(config-if)#exit
S3560(config)#router rip
S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
S3560(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
S3560(config-router)#version 2
S3560(config-router)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/20, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/20, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan20, changed state to up
S3560(config-router)#end
S3560#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
S3560#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20
S3560#show ip route //當配置好所有RIPv2后，再查看路由信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Vlan20
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan20
R 192.168.4.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Vlan20
S3560#
R1:
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface fa0/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface serial 2/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0
R1(config-router)#version 2
R1(config-router)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:15, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R1#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
R1#show ip route //當配置好所有RIPv2后，再查看路由信息
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:19, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.2, 00:00:11, Serial2/0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R1#
R2:
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#interface fa0/0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface serial 2/0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0
R2(config-router)#version 2
R2(config-router)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:00, Serial2/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.4.1, 00:00:00, Serial2/0
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R2#
五、測試
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ipconfig
IP Address......................: 192.168.2.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.2.1
PC>ping 192.168.1.2
Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=17ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 2, Lost = 2 (50% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 16ms, Maximum = 17ms, Average = 16ms
PC>ping 192.168.1.2
Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=19ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=13ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 13ms, Maximum = 19ms, Average = 15ms
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