一、實驗目標
- 掌握靜態路由的配置方法和技巧；
- 掌握通過靜態路由方式實現網絡的連通性；
- 熟悉廣域網線纜的連接方式；
二、實驗背景
學校有新舊兩個校區，每個校區是一個獨立的局域網，為了使新舊校區能夠正常相互通訊，共享資源，每個校區出口利用一台路由器進行連接，兩台路由器間學校申請了一條2M的DDN專線進行相連，要求你做適當配置實現兩個校區間的正常相互訪問。
三、技術原理
路由器屬於網絡層設備，能夠根據IP包頭的信息，選擇一條最佳路徑將數據包轉發出去，實現不同網段的主機之間的互相訪問。路由器是根據路由表進行選路和轉發的，而路由表就是由一條條路由信息組成。
生成路由表主要有兩種方法：手工配置和動態配置，即靜態路由協議配置和動態路由協議配置。
靜態路由是指由網絡管理員手工配置的路由信息。
靜態路由除了具有簡單、高效、可靠的優點外，它的另一個好處是網絡安全保密性高。
缺省路由可以看作是靜態路由的一種特殊情況。當數據在查找路由表時，沒有找到和目標相匹配的路由表項時，為數據指定的路由。
四、實驗步驟
實驗拓撲
1、在路由器R1、R2上配置接口的IP地址和R1串口上的時鍾頻率；
2、查看路由器生成的直連路由；
3、在路由器R1、R2上配置靜態路由；
4、驗證R1、R2上的靜態路由配置；
5、將PC1、PC2主機默認網關分別設置為與路由器接口f1/0 IP地址；
6、PC1、PC2主機之間可以互相通信；
R1:
Router>
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#interface fa1/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface serial 2/0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.2 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
R1#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.5.3
R1(config)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.5.3
C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R1#
R2:
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#interface fa1/0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface serial 2/0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.5.3 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#end
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R2#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.5.2
R2(config)#end
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.5.2
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C 192.168.5.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
R2#
五、測試
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ipconfig
IP Address......................: 192.168.1.2
Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.1
PC>ping 192.168.2.2
Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=17ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=21ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 16ms, Maximum = 21ms, Average = 18ms
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