1、風暴平台自動化接口測試練習
1.1接口測試自動化
1.1.1post方法
import json #序列化的時引進的庫
import requests
#這里以風暴平台為例：
#接口測試post請求方法：
r=requests.post( #這里的r是響應數據response的縮寫。
url="http://47.95.142.233:8000/login/auth/",
#json={"username":"用戶名","password":"密碼"}, #當這里的數據格式是json時，如果直接用JSON表示，響應數據就可以直接獲取。
data=json.dumps({"username":"用戶名","password":"密碼"}), #如果時json格式，但是我們想通過data來表示，就需要對響應數據進行序列化。
headers={"Content-Type":"application/json"}
)
#獲取協議狀態碼：
print(r.status_code)
#獲取響應數據:
#第一種：獲取文本格式的響應數據
# print(r.text)
#第二種：獲取json數據格式的響應數據
print(json.dumps(r.json(),indent=True,ensure_ascii=False)) #當我們用data來表示請求參數，那么響應數據需要進行序列化處理，indent=True使響應數據更具有格式化，ensure_ascii=False處理中文。
#第三種：獲取響應數據，以二進制的形式（bytes:編碼與解碼）
# print(r.content)
#獲取響應頭
print(r.headers)
1.2全流程練習
也就是一個以風暴平台為例的動態參數處理流程。
1.2.1登錄
import requests
#接口測試動態參數處理,以風暴平台為例，這里用到了函數的返回值：
#登錄
def login():
r=requests.post(
url="http://47.95.142.233:8000/login/auth/",
json={"username":"13762237226","password":"123456"},
headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}
)
# print(r.json())
return r.json()["token"]
login()1.2.2個人主頁
#個人主頁：
def index():
r=requests.get(url="http://47.95.142.233:8000/interface/index",
headers={"Authorization":"JWT {token}".format(token=login())}
)
print(r.status_code)
print(r.json())
index()1.2.3產品搜索
#搜索qy的產品：
#接口測試get請求方法：在get請求方法中的，請求地址的問號后面的參數，即接口測試中的query params里的參數，在自動化接口測試中，我們將其填寫在params中。
def scan():
r=requests.get(
url="http://47.95.142.233:8000/interface/products?name=qy", #get請求方法的請求地址
params={"name":"qy"}, #get請求方法的請求參數
headers={"Authorization":"JWT {token}".format(token=login())} #身份驗證
)
print(r.url)
print(r.json())
print(r.status_code)
scan()1.2.4添加產品
#接口測試添加產品：
def addProduct():
r=requests.post(
url="http://47.95.142.233:8000/interface/product/",
json={"name":"qy","product_type":"WEB","version":"123","master":"asd","description":"abc"},
headers={"Content_type":"application/json;charset=UTF-8","Authorization":"JWT {token}".format(token=login())}
)
return r.json()["id"]
#addProduct()1.2.5修改產品
#接口測試修改產品：
def updateProduct():
r=requests.put(
url="http://47.95.142.233:8000/interface/product/{productid}/".format(productid=addProduct()),
json={"name":"qy","product_type":"APP","version":"234","master":"asd","description":"abc","productid":addProduct()},
headers={"Content_type":"application/json;charset=UTF-8","Authorization":"JWT {token}".format(token=login())}
)
print(r.json())
#updateProduct()1.2.6刪除產品
#接口測試刪除產品：
def delete():
r=requests.delete(
url="http://47.95.142.233:8000/interface/product/{productid}/".format(productid=addProduct()),
headers={"Content_type":"application/json;charset=UTF-8",
"Authorization":"JWT {token}".format(token=login()),
"Referer":"http://101.43.158.84/",
"User":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36"
})
print(r.status_code)
delete()
2、session請求流程在互聯網產品中的體現
以51CTO為例：
#session請求流程在互聯網產品中的體現:
import requests
#登錄獲取sessionid：
def login():
r=requests.post(
url="https://home.51cto.com/index?reback=https%3A%2F%2Fedu.51cto.com%2Fcenter%2Fuser%2Findex%2Flogin-success%3Fsign%3Df70bBwIJBQcEAQZVAlEBCwcOVQdRDwYEC1MAU1FeTEMWSwIYHVxRQhoEBwZGWxdaCVseAldXRAdBHQcOEERLUklNS1JAFlJSQBxFEUdQQBQFWUQTQVxWVQNQ%26client%3Dweb&iframe=0&is_go_to_user_set_mobile=1",
headers={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"Referer":"https://home.51cto.com/index?reback=https://home.51cto.com/members/in-fo?utm_platform=pc",
"Cookie":"_uab_collina=164912882417167002151458; from_fr=2; from_course=2; _csrf=3cfe4db1eccc65abaab5c5697ac56b15fda7212944fcf263a101fc4088b11b95a%3A2%3A%7Bi%3A0%3Bs%3A5%3A%22_csrf%22%3Bi%3A1%3Bs%3A32%3A%22Uzxm570Aw-5BEQPwED4TVbstILGa3ag4%22%3B%7D; _ourplusFirstTime=122-4-5-11-20-24; www51cto=DC52AD91593055F062135B80C53ECE9AQRsX; _bl_uid=w0l2n1yalbdkn9qvL0shlL1jUhX3; sajssdk_2015_cross_new_user=1; Hm_lvt_844390da7774b6a92b34d40f8e16f5ac=1649128825; pub_cookietime=2592000; UM_distinctid=17ff7bd53d6ab8-07d93a6c5b462f-1a343370-151800-17ff7bd53d7321; callback_api_url=https%3A%2F%2Fhome.51cto.com%2Findex%3Freback%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fhome.51cto.com%2Fmembers%2Fin-fo%3Futm_platform%3Dpc; pub_wechatopen=aG0wVVNRDlMBDQUDWg; BigUser=881ac9d0d8ba292c3ffd1f5c58f9a98771b1429b38753c752c984fc07e2577f2a%3A2%3A%7Bi%3A0%3Bs%3A7%3A%22BigUser%22%3Bi%3A1%3Bs%3A87%3A%221e4eCAMFA1FWUwEBUQBbClZRUgZVUwtdVAVUVVNWCFMGVAwMAA0GUVVRBlNZBFcMBFQHCVEHAQFWB1xXVFVcAgc%22%3B%7D; reg_sources=edu; sensorsdata2015jssdkcross=%7B%22distinct_id%22%3A%2215481273%22%2C%22first_id%22%3A%2217ff7bcde38d2d-03b2f2097e21e4-1a343370-1382400-17ff7bcde3938b%22%2C%22props%22%3A%7B%22%24latest_traffic_source_type%22%3A%22%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%22%2C%22%24latest_search_keyword%22%3A%22%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%96%E5%88%B0%E5%80%BC%22%2C%22%24latest_referrer%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sogou.com%2Flink%3Furl%3DB7ss7T7Ay4lQR_V3exeeiQDydjxbYhws%22%2C%22%24latest_utm_source%22%3A%22vip%22%2C%22%24latest_utm_medium%22%3A%2251cto%22%2C%22%24latest_utm_content%22%3A%22xtgg%22%7D%2C%22%24device_id%22%3A%2217ff7bcde38d2d-03b2f2097e21e4-1a343370-1382400-17ff7bcde3938b%22%7D; ssxmod_itna=QqGxgDciY49D2DmxBPGIylcfIHo8exb7=Wpx0yqReGzDAxn40iDt=PHxGqOerm41DUxp+xOfWhD3q=F/Ygb1Ci6meKDHxY=DU=G+IoD4fKGwD0eG+DD4DWeqAoDexGpc2pXKGWD4qDODWKDX2akDiPCDmR8pxGClxDCXAPDwx0CLovF=4YpDiyDRZ0qLxG1F40HYG3xLxOfLbG1RPSAo+bO43YDvxDkDUKDo2PpDB+kBpBerWx3QNrNSQx4fQ0qS7Gbqj2eqlP4KWiP424iNlT5MYWKOCeKeDDWvwx74D===; ssxmod_itna2=QqGxgDciY49D2DmxBPGIylcfIHo8exb7=Wxn9guTP0=Dlog4jRSul0qbL/dRQh8=zPx7=DBeuAxq3qKOB6GNYmWfivYu/D9cYN94/3H+Kosq1HwrWNPrFYXDnRGOafc3RlkPMr5yQ=oy1ViICVWBiRgr=Tpn+KWu1KFH18QyruWYQRampCzHdB=HqceEsPpEhZo3OT=E+Z=oQT2fbf4uNrQPQfIBdy1f8ZPpr=WlTeja2dtwY3ovAN5nGumWraM2dc6YXXWS+ftn1dF3O+9EwDNTSclKyWhPSjEc=R1SiCkt6jTldWMo2nNTx6Na0rOXOx6njijD0rZiRG=dZIY4wo4r9OEhG6=aIj1r9afxQGVO=vrRgn3NzYo=3ifptgtjl5FlR/nvynjZ=v/B61bTnB6G0uGldG/G51w+855SQv8EmQPyObq9Qk=cdpaEFqfUaTR0I20jF2vRpTDG2R2rerHfaPzRr/28kkQiTeGLumk=7xDFqD+rDxD=; PHPSESSID=tj2a1aapofve63mv6o511mp8k4; once_p=ef1876; _ourplusReturnCount=16; _ourplusReturnTime=122-4-5-11-50-12; login_from=edu.51cto.com; reg_from=edu.51cto.com; Hm_lpvt_844390da7774b6a92b34d40f8e16f5ac=1649130613",
"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36"
},
data={"_csrf":"WVJDNzhMYjUMKDtaDXtSdC5/dnV9HTJCHBZ3Y24uEUEQHgRWCy0FAQ==",
"LoginForm[username]":"18292091170",
"LoginForm[password]":"787533",
"show_qr":"0"
})
return r.cookies
#在訪問主頁時，通過請求頭中的cookies把session帶上，但是由於python的規則，這里我們直接使用cookies關鍵字帶上sessionid即可。
def index():
r=requests.get(url="https://edu.51cto.com/?utm_source=vip",
cookies=login()
)
print(r.text)
index()
3、session會話對象
（1）所有的請求之間session能夠共享；
（2）底層TCP只需要建立一次，那么就節約了請求時間。
#session會話對象：
#import requests
# #接口測試動態參數處理,以風暴平台為例，這里用到了函數的返回值：
#登錄
import requests
#登錄獲取sessionid：
def login():
s=requests.session() #設置session共享
r=s.post(
url="https://home.51cto.com/index?reback=https%3A%2F%2Fedu.51cto.com%2Fcenter%2Fuser%2Findex%2Flogin-success%3Fsign%3Df70bBwIJBQcEAQZVAlEBCwcOVQdRDwYEC1MAU1FeTEMWSwIYHVxRQhoEBwZGWxdaCVseAldXRAdBHQcOEERLUklNS1JAFlJSQBxFEUdQQBQFWUQTQVxWVQNQ%26client%3Dweb&iframe=0&is_go_to_user_set_mobile=1",
headers={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"Referer":"https://home.51cto.com/index?reback=https://home.51cto.com/members/in-fo?utm_platform=pc",
"Cookie":"_uab_collina=164912882417167002151458; from_fr=2; from_course=2; _csrf=3cfe4db1eccc65abaab5c5697ac56b15fda7212944fcf263a101fc4088b11b95a%3A2%3A%7Bi%3A0%3Bs%3A5%3A%22_csrf%22%3Bi%3A1%3Bs%3A32%3A%22Uzxm570Aw-5BEQPwED4TVbstILGa3ag4%22%3B%7D; _ourplusFirstTime=122-4-5-11-20-24; www51cto=DC52AD91593055F062135B80C53ECE9AQRsX; _bl_uid=w0l2n1yalbdkn9qvL0shlL1jUhX3; sajssdk_2015_cross_new_user=1; Hm_lvt_844390da7774b6a92b34d40f8e16f5ac=1649128825; pub_cookietime=2592000; UM_distinctid=17ff7bd53d6ab8-07d93a6c5b462f-1a343370-151800-17ff7bd53d7321; callback_api_url=https%3A%2F%2Fhome.51cto.com%2Findex%3Freback%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fhome.51cto.com%2Fmembers%2Fin-fo%3Futm_platform%3Dpc; pub_wechatopen=aG0wVVNRDlMBDQUDWg; BigUser=881ac9d0d8ba292c3ffd1f5c58f9a98771b1429b38753c752c984fc07e2577f2a%3A2%3A%7Bi%3A0%3Bs%3A7%3A%22BigUser%22%3Bi%3A1%3Bs%3A87%3A%221e4eCAMFA1FWUwEBUQBbClZRUgZVUwtdVAVUVVNWCFMGVAwMAA0GUVVRBlNZBFcMBFQHCVEHAQFWB1xXVFVcAgc%22%3B%7D; reg_sources=edu; sensorsdata2015jssdkcross=%7B%22distinct_id%22%3A%2215481273%22%2C%22first_id%22%3A%2217ff7bcde38d2d-03b2f2097e21e4-1a343370-1382400-17ff7bcde3938b%22%2C%22props%22%3A%7B%22%24latest_traffic_source_type%22%3A%22%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%22%2C%22%24latest_search_keyword%22%3A%22%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%96%E5%88%B0%E5%80%BC%22%2C%22%24latest_referrer%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sogou.com%2Flink%3Furl%3DB7ss7T7Ay4lQR_V3exeeiQDydjxbYhws%22%2C%22%24latest_utm_source%22%3A%22vip%22%2C%22%24latest_utm_medium%22%3A%2251cto%22%2C%22%24latest_utm_content%22%3A%22xtgg%22%7D%2C%22%24device_id%22%3A%2217ff7bcde38d2d-03b2f2097e21e4-1a343370-1382400-17ff7bcde3938b%22%7D; ssxmod_itna=QqGxgDciY49D2DmxBPGIylcfIHo8exb7=Wpx0yqReGzDAxn40iDt=PHxGqOerm41DUxp+xOfWhD3q=F/Ygb1Ci6meKDHxY=DU=G+IoD4fKGwD0eG+DD4DWeqAoDexGpc2pXKGWD4qDODWKDX2akDiPCDmR8pxGClxDCXAPDwx0CLovF=4YpDiyDRZ0qLxG1F40HYG3xLxOfLbG1RPSAo+bO43YDvxDkDUKDo2PpDB+kBpBerWx3QNrNSQx4fQ0qS7Gbqj2eqlP4KWiP424iNlT5MYWKOCeKeDDWvwx74D===; ssxmod_itna2=QqGxgDciY49D2DmxBPGIylcfIHo8exb7=Wxn9guTP0=Dlog4jRSul0qbL/dRQh8=zPx7=DBeuAxq3qKOB6GNYmWfivYu/D9cYN94/3H+Kosq1HwrWNPrFYXDnRGOafc3RlkPMr5yQ=oy1ViICVWBiRgr=Tpn+KWu1KFH18QyruWYQRampCzHdB=HqceEsPpEhZo3OT=E+Z=oQT2fbf4uNrQPQfIBdy1f8ZPpr=WlTeja2dtwY3ovAN5nGumWraM2dc6YXXWS+ftn1dF3O+9EwDNTSclKyWhPSjEc=R1SiCkt6jTldWMo2nNTx6Na0rOXOx6njijD0rZiRG=dZIY4wo4r9OEhG6=aIj1r9afxQGVO=vrRgn3NzYo=3ifptgtjl5FlR/nvynjZ=v/B61bTnB6G0uGldG/G51w+855SQv8EmQPyObq9Qk=cdpaEFqfUaTR0I20jF2vRpTDG2R2rerHfaPzRr/28kkQiTeGLumk=7xDFqD+rDxD=; PHPSESSID=tj2a1aapofve63mv6o511mp8k4; once_p=ef1876; _ourplusReturnCount=16; _ourplusReturnTime=122-4-5-11-50-12; login_from=edu.51cto.com; reg_from=edu.51cto.com; Hm_lpvt_844390da7774b6a92b34d40f8e16f5ac=1649130613",
"User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/100.0.4896.75 Safari/537.36"
},
data={"_csrf":"WVJDNzhMYjUMKDtaDXtSdC5/dnV9HTJCHBZ3Y24uEUEQHgRWCy0FAQ==",
"LoginForm[username]":"18292091170",
"LoginForm[password]":"787533",
"show_qr":"0"
})
return s
#在訪問主頁時，通過請求頭中的cookies把session帶上，但是由於python的規則，這里我們直接使用cookies關鍵字帶上sessionid即可。
def index():
r=login().get(url="https://edu.51cto.com/?utm_source=vip")
print(r.text)
index()4、超時處理
當我們在自動化接口測試時，遇到了超時（ConnectTimeout）的錯誤時，我們可以在請求里面增加一個timeout的關鍵字，把他的響應時間增加一些，以避免這個錯誤。
#請求超時
import requests
r=requests.get(
url="https://www.baidu.com/s?tn=51076811_dg&wd=%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6",
timeout=20 #這里的時間可以根據實際清空調整，單位以s為單位。
)
print(r.text)