使用yum倉庫安裝MySQL8
1.查看centos系統版本
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
2.下載並安裝repo倉庫文件
下載地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
# wget https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
# yum localinstall -y mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
已加載插件：fastestmirror
正在檢查 mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm: mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch
mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm 將被安裝
正在解決依賴關系
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 mysql80-community-release.noarch.0.el7-5 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關系完成
依賴關系解決
================================================================================================
Package 架構 版本 源 大小
================================================================================================
正在安裝:
mysql80-community-release noarch el7-5 /mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch 9.1 k
事務概要
================================================================================================
安裝 1 軟件包
總計：9.1 k
安裝大小：9.1 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安裝 : mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch 1/1
驗證中 : mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch 1/1
已安裝:
mysql80-community-release.noarch 0:el7-5
完畢！
3.驗證倉庫軟件
# yum makecache
# yum repolist all|grep mysql8
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server 啟用: 321
mysql80-community-source MySQL 8.0 Community Server - So 禁用
# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 230
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 138
mysql80-community/x86_64 MySQL 8.0 Community Server 321
4.安裝MySQL8
說明：此時倉庫中只有一個MySQL版本，因此可以直接安裝
# yum install -y mysql-community-server
# 使用以下方式檢查安裝包
# rpm -qa|grep -i "mysql.*8.*"
mysql80-community-release-el7-5.noarch
mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.28-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-8.0.28-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.28-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-8.0.28-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-8.0.28-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.0.28-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-8.0.28-1.el7.x86_64
默認配置文件內容
# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove the leading "# " to disable binary logging
# Binary logging captures changes between backups and is enabled by
# default. It's default setting is log_bin=binlog
# disable_log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
#
# Remove leading # to revert to previous value for default_authentication_plugin,
# this will increase compatibility with older clients. For background, see:
# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_default_authentication_plugin
# default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
查看默認密碼
yum方式安裝的MySQL8卸載
使用rpm文件安裝MySQL8
說明：使用rpm包的形式安裝MySQL8需要下載多個rpm文件，但是官方已經提供好一個壓縮包里，里面是所有的rpm文件，只需要下載這個壓縮包就行了
tar xfc mysql-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
rpm -i mysql-community-{server-8,client,common,libs}*
下載rpm安裝軟件
地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
使用通用二進制文件安裝MySQL8
下載地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
1.安裝依賴
mysql依賴libaio，如果未在本地安裝，則數據目錄初始化和后續的服務啟動將失敗
# 默認是已安裝的
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep libaio
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
# yum -y install libaio # 若不存在則安裝
2.下載二進制安裝文件
# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
3.安裝
# 添加mysql組和mysql用戶，所有的文件和目錄應該在mysql用戶下
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
# 設置安裝位置為/usr/local,可以修改為其他位置
# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C /usr/local/
# 添加軟鏈接，以后升級版本，只需要解壓到相同的位置，更改符號鏈接就行了
# cd /usr/local/
# ll
總用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 libexec
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 129 3月 30 13:52 mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 4月 9 2021 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 56 3月 30 13:47 src
# ln -s mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
# ll
總用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 35 3月 30 13:53 mysql -> mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 129 3月 30 13:52 mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 11 2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 4月 9 2021 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 56 3月 30 13:47 src
# 創建必要的目錄並將所有權更改為mysql
# cd mysql
# ll
總用量 284
drwxr-xr-x 2 7161 31415 4096 12月 18 02:28 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 7161 31415 55 12月 18 02:28 docs
drwxr-xr-x 3 7161 31415 282 12月 18 02:28 include
drwxr-xr-x 6 7161 31415 201 12月 18 02:28 lib
-rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 276595 12月 18 00:07 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 4 7161 31415 30 12月 18 02:28 man
-rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 666 12月 18 00:07 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 7161 31415 4096 12月 18 02:28 share
drwxr-xr-x 2 7161 31415 77 12月 18 02:28 support-files
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir data
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir mysql-files
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod 750 mysql-files
[root@localhost mysql]# chmod 750 data
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql .
[root@localhost mysql]# chgrp -R mysql .
[root@localhost mysql]# ll
總用量 284
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 12月 18 02:28 bin
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 6 3月 30 02:28 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 55 12月 18 02:28 docs
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 282 12月 18 02:28 include
drwxr-xr-x 6 mysql mysql 201 12月 18 02:28 lib
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 276595 12月 18 00:07 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 30 12月 18 02:28 man
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 6 3月 30 13:57 mysql-files
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 666 12月 18 00:07 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql 4096 12月 18 02:28 share
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 77 12月 18 02:28 support-files
# 清除mariadb有關文件
# rpm -qa | grep "mariadb"
mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf.d/
# 初始化MySQL，會生成一個臨時密碼
# 此時data目錄下會有初始化后的數據
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user mysql
2022-03-30T06:28:50.697879Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.28) initializing of server in progress as process 2346
2022-03-30T06:28:50.704665Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-03-30T06:28:51.016806Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-03-30T06:28:51.942504Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,ai:FtMdM8tX
# 設置SSL的RSA，此時會在data存儲目錄下生成有關文件
[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
[root@localhost data]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@localhost data]# ll
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 3月 30 14:53 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 3月 30 14:53 ca.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 3月 30 14:53 client-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 3月 30 14:53 client-key.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 3月 30 14:53 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 452 3月 30 14:53 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 3月 30 14:53 server-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1676 3月 30 14:53 server-key.pem
# 將二進制文件的所有權更改為root,數據文件的所有權更改為mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R root .
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql data
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql mysql-files
[root@localhost mysql]# ll
總用量 284
總用量 288
drwxr-xr-x 2 root mysql 4096 12月 18 02:28 bin
drwxr-x--- 6 mysql mysql 4096 3月 30 14:53 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 root mysql 55 12月 18 02:28 docs
drwxr-xr-x 3 root mysql 282 12月 18 02:28 include
drwxr-xr-x 6 root mysql 201 12月 18 02:28 lib
-rw-r--r-- 1 root mysql 276595 12月 18 00:07 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x 4 root mysql 30 12月 18 02:28 man
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 6 3月 30 14:52 mysql-files
-rw-r--r-- 1 root mysql 666 12月 18 00:07 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 root mysql 4096 12月 18 02:28 share
drwxr-xr-x 2 root mysql 77 12月 18 02:28 support-files
# 將啟動腳本復制到init.d中
[root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# 將mysql的二進制文件到處到PATH環境變量中
# 臨時辦法，重啟就不能用了
[root@localhost mysql]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
# 永久辦法
[root@localhost mysql]# cat >> /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh << "EOF"
#!/bin/bash
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
EOF
source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
安裝完畢后將在/usr/local/mysql中獲得下圖中列出的目錄
啟動MySQL8
默認沒有/etc/my.cnf配置文件
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
. SUCCESS!
# 使用生成的臨時密碼登錄，並為root用戶設置自定義密碼
# mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.28
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NewPass5!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit;
Bye
# 退出MySQL，並重啟MySQL就能使用新密碼登錄了
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
設置開機啟動
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
chkconfig mysql --list
日常運行用service或者/etc/init.d/mysqld都可以
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld status
ERROR! MySQL is not running
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld status
SUCCESS! MySQL running (1908)
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld status
SUCCESS! MySQL running (2083)
二進制安裝方式卸載
