使用C#創建Windows服務

本文屬於原創，轉載請注明出處，謝謝！

一、開發環境

操作系統：Windows 10 X64

開發環境：VS2015

編程語言：C#

.NET版本：.NET Framework 4.0

目標平台：X86

二、創建Windows Service

1、新建一個Windows Service，並將項目名稱改為“MyWindowsService”，如下圖所示：

2、在解決方案資源管理器內將Service1.cs改為MyService1.cs后並點擊“查看代碼”圖標按鈕進入代碼編輯器界面，如下圖所示：

 

 

3、在代碼編輯器內如入以下代碼，如下所示：

using System;
using System.ServiceProcess;
using System.IO;
namespace MyWindowsService
 {
 public partial class MyService : ServiceBase
 {
 public MyService()
 {
 InitializeComponent();
 }
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">string</span> filePath = <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">@"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">D:\MyServiceLog.txt</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">protected</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">override</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> OnStart(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">string</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">[] args)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">using</span> (FileStream stream = <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> FileStream(filePath,FileMode.Append))
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">using</span> (StreamWriter writer = <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> StreamWriter(stream))
        {
            writer.WriteLine($</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">{DateTime.Now},服務啟動！</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
        }
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">protected</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">override</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> OnStop()
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">using</span> (FileStream stream = <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Append))
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">using</span> (StreamWriter writer = <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> StreamWriter(stream))
        {
            writer.WriteLine($</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">{DateTime.Now},服務停止！</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">"</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
        }
    }
}

}

4、雙擊項目“MyWindowsService”進入“MyService”設計界面，在空白位置右擊鼠標彈出上下文菜單，選中“添加安裝程序”，如下圖所示：

5、此時軟件會生成兩個組件，分別為“serviceInstaller1”及“serviceProcessInstaller1”，如下圖所示：

6、點擊“serviceInstaller1”，在“屬性”窗體將ServiceName改為MyService，Description改為我的服務，StartType保持為Manual，如下圖所示：

7、點擊“serviceProcessInstaller1”，在“屬性”窗體將Account改為LocalSystem（服務屬性系統級別），如下圖所示：

8、鼠標右鍵點擊項目“MyWindowsService”，在彈出的上下文菜單中選擇“生成”按鈕，如下圖所示：

9、至此，Windows服務已經創建完畢。

三、創建安裝、啟動、停止、卸載服務的Windows窗體

1、在同一個解決方案里新建一個Windows Form項目，並命名為WindowsServiceClient，如下圖所示：

2、將該項目設置為啟動項目，並在窗體內添加四個按鈕，分別為安裝服務、啟動服務、停止服務及卸載服務，如下圖所示：

3、按下F7進入代碼編輯界面，引用“System.ServiceProcess”及“System.Configuration.Install”，並輸入如下代碼：

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.ServiceProcess;
using System.Configuration.Install;
namespace WindowsServiceClient
 {
 public partial class Form1 : Form
 {
 public Form1()
 {
 InitializeComponent();
 }
 string serviceFilePath = $"{Application.StartupPath}\MyWindowsService.exe";
 string serviceName = "MyService";
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">事件：安裝服務</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> button1_Click(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">object</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span>.IsServiceExisted(serviceName)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.UninstallService(serviceName);
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.InstallService(serviceFilePath);
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">事件：啟動服務</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> button2_Click(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">object</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span>.IsServiceExisted(serviceName)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.ServiceStart(serviceName);
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">事件：停止服務</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> button4_Click(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">object</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span>.IsServiceExisted(serviceName)) <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.ServiceStop(serviceName);
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">事件：卸載服務</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> button3_Click(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">object</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.IsServiceExisted(serviceName))
        {
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.ServiceStop(serviceName);
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">this</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">.UninstallService(serviceFilePath);
        }
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">判斷服務是否存在</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">bool</span> IsServiceExisted(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">string</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> serviceName)
    {
        ServiceController[] services </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> ServiceController.GetServices();
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">foreach</span> (ServiceController sc <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">in</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> services)
        {
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (sc.ServiceName.ToLower() ==<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> serviceName.ToLower())
            {
                </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">true</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;
            }
        }
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">return</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">false</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">安裝服務</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> InstallService(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">string</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> serviceFilePath)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">using</span> (AssemblyInstaller installer = <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> AssemblyInstaller())
        {
            installer.UseNewContext </span>= <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">true</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;
            installer.Path </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> serviceFilePath;
            IDictionary savedState </span>= <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Hashtable();
            installer.Install(savedState);
            installer.Commit(savedState);
        }
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">卸載服務</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> UninstallService(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">string</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> serviceFilePath)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">using</span> (AssemblyInstaller installer = <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> AssemblyInstaller())
        {
            installer.UseNewContext </span>= <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">true</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">;
            installer.Path </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> serviceFilePath;
            installer.Uninstall(</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">null</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">);
        }
    }
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">啟動服務</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> ServiceStart(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">string</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> serviceName)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">using</span> (ServiceController control = <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> ServiceController(serviceName))
        {
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (control.Status ==<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped)
            {
                control.Start();
            }
        }
    }

    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">//</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">停止服務</span>
    <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">private</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">void</span> ServiceStop(<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">string</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> serviceName)
    {
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">using</span> (ServiceController control = <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">new</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> ServiceController(serviceName))
        {
            </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> (control.Status ==<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> ServiceControllerStatus.Running)
            {
                control.Stop();
            }
        }
    }
}

}

4、為了后續調試服務及安裝卸載服務的需要，將已生成的MyWindowsService.exe引用到本Windows窗體，如下圖所示：

5、由於需要安裝服務，故需要使用UAC中Administrator的權限，鼠標右擊項目“WindowsServiceClient”，在彈出的上下文菜單中選擇“添加”->“新建項”，在彈出的選擇窗體中選擇“應用程序清單文件”並單擊確定，如下圖所示：

6、打開該文件，並將<requestedExecutionLevel level="asInvoker" uiAccess="false" />改為<requestedExecutionLevel  level="requireAdministrator" uiAccess="false" />，如下圖所示：

7、IDE啟動后，將會彈出如下所示的窗體（有的系統因UAC配置有可能不顯示），需要用管理員權限打開：

8、重新打開后，在IDE運行WindowsServiceClient項目；

9、使用WIN+R的方式打開運行窗體，並在窗體內輸入services.msc后打開服務，如下圖所示：

10、點擊窗體內的“安裝服務”按鈕，將會在服務中出現MyService，如下圖所示：

11、點擊“運行服務”按鈕，將啟動並運行服務，如下所示：

12、點擊“停止服務”按鈕，將會停止運行服務，如下圖所示：

13、點擊“卸載服務”按鈕，將會從服務中刪除MyService服務。

14、以上啟動及停止服務將會寫入D:\MyServiceLog.txt，內容如下所示：

 

源代碼下載：

http://pan.baidu.com/s/1kVza3Bp

 

 

 

補充：如何調試服務

1、要調試服務，其實很簡單，如需將服務附加進程到需要調試的項目里面即可，假如要調試剛才建的服務，現在OnStop事件里設置斷點，如下所示：

 

2、啟動“WindowsServiceClient”項目，在“調試”菜單中選擇“附件到進程”（服務必須事先安裝），如下所示：

3、找到“MyWindowsService.exe”，點擊“附加”按鈕，如下圖所示：

4、點擊“停止服務”按鈕，程序將會在設置斷點的地方中斷，如下圖所示：