1、擴展磁盤
注意：擴容磁盤的方式分為 [添加磁盤]、[擴展磁盤] ; 擴展磁盤需要在此虛擬機停止的狀態下進行，同時擴展的數字是擴展后的預期大小，比如之前是60G，希望擴展200G，那么我們應該輸入200G。這里我們以擴展磁盤的方式進行。go go go ！
2、首先確認狀態
擴展后，重新啟動linux，使用df -kh命令發現磁盤目錄大小沒有變化
[admin@localhost ~]$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 36G 1.6G 35G 5% /
devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 8.9M 3.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1014M 189M 826M 19% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home 18G 33M 18G 1% /home
tmpfs 783M 0 783M 0% /run/user/0
tmpfs 783M 0 783M 0% /run/user/1001
使用fdisk確認磁盤空間是否已經擴展
[admin@localhost ~]$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0005871c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 125829119 61864960 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 38.2 GB, 38235275264 bytes, 74678272 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 6442 MB, 6442450944 bytes, 12582912 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 18.7 GB, 18668847104 bytes, 36462592 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
可以看到“Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB”，已經擴展了140G空間。
3、擴展分區
[admin@localhost ~]$ sudo fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (125829120-419430399, default 125829120):
Using default value 125829120
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (125829120-419430399, default 419430399):
Using default value 419430399
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 140 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): L
Partition number (1-3, default 3):
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
4、加載分區表
方法一：（推薦）
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe
執行 partprobe命令用於將磁盤分區表變化信息通知內核，並請求操作系統重新加載分區表，此方法可以不用重啟系統；
方法二：
[root@localhost ~]# reboot
5、分區確認
通過fdisk可以看到已經添加了/dev/sda3
[admin@localhost ~]$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x0005871c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 125829119 61864960 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 125829120 419430399 146800640 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 38.2 GB, 38235275264 bytes, 74678272 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 6442 MB, 6442450944 bytes, 12582912 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 18.7 GB, 18668847104 bytes, 36462592 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
6、擴展vg
創建PV
[admin@localhost ~]$ sudo pvcreate /dev/sda3 Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
使用vgs查看
[admin@localhost ~]$ sudo vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree centos 1 3 0 wz--n- <59.00g 0
7、把sda3加入到LVM組中
[admin@localhost ~]$ sudo vgextend centos /dev/sda3 Volume group "centos" successfully extended
注意：centos 是vg組名稱，請根據具體情況填寫
[admin@localhost ~]$ sudo vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree centos 2 3 0 wz--n- 198.99g <140.00g
8、擴展lv
我們把新擴展的100G全部添加到centos-root中
[admin@localhost ~]$ sudo lvextend /dev/mapper/centos-root /dev/sda3 Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <35.61 GiB (9116 extents) to <175.61 GiB (44955 extents). Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
使用lvs可以看到 centos-root 已經是140G了，但是…請繼續往下看
[admin@localhost ~]$ sudo lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert home centos -wi-ao---- <17.39g root centos -wi-ao---- <175.61g swap centos -wi-ao---- 6.00g
使用df -kh查看，空間並沒有變化，look down…
[admin@localhost ~]$ df -khl Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 36G 1.6G 35G 5% / devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 3.9G 8.9M 3.9G 1% /run tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 189M 826M 19% /boot /dev/mapper/centos-home 18G 33M 18G 1% /home tmpfs 783M 0 783M 0% /run/user/1001
9、xfs在線擴容
[admin@localhost ~]$ df -T
Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 37320904 1616800 35704104 5% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 3992828 0 3992828 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 4004744 0 4004744 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 4004744 9036 3995708 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 4004744 0 4004744 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 xfs 1038336 192612 845724 19% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home xfs 18221056 33020 18188036 1% /home
tmpfs tmpfs 800952 0 800952 0% /run/user/1001
[admin@localhost ~]$ sudo xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=2333696 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=9334784, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=4558, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 9334784 to 46033920
10、再次確認df狀態, 添加的100G空間已經有效
[admin@localhost ~]$ df -kh Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 176G 1.6G 175G 1% / devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 3.9G 8.9M 3.9G 1% /run tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 189M 826M 19% /boot /dev/mapper/centos-home 18G 33M 18G 1% /home tmpfs 783M 0 783M 0% /run/user/1001