給EXSI虛擬機中linux硬盤擴容
將硬盤1從6G擴充到10G
查看目前磁盤狀態
[root@csvn ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 484M 0 484M 0% /dev tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 496M 7.1M 489M 2% /run tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/centos-root 4.9G 2.9G 2.1G 59% / /dev/sdb1 4.8G 21M 4.6G 1% /data /dev/sda1 497M 154M 344M 31% /boot tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/1001 tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/0
[root@csvn ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000c208b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1026048 12582911 5778432 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0xc42fca3d Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 10485759 5241856 83 Linux Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 5226 MB, 5226102784 bytes, 10207232 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 645 MB, 645922816 bytes, 1261568 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
可看到磁盤/dev/sda大小已經變成10.7GB
開始擴容
[root@csvn ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (12582912-20971519, default 12582912):
Using default value 12582912
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (12582912-20971519, default 20971519):
Using default value 20971519
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 4 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t (修改分區類型為 Linux LVM, 8e)
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
再次查看磁盤狀態，可見新的sda3,表示為可用狀態
[root@csvn ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000c208b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1026048 12582911 5778432 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 12582912 20971519 4194304 8e Linux LVM
用partprobe重新讀取分區信息
ps:使用fdisk工具只是將分區信息寫到磁盤,如果需要mkfs磁盤分區則需要重啟系統,而使用partprobe則可以使kernel重新讀取分區信息,從而避免重啟系統.
[root@csvn ~]# partprobe /dev/sda3
創建物理卷及加入組
[root@csvn ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3 Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created [root@csvn ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3 Volume group "centos" successfully extended
查看物理卷情況
[root@csvn ~]# lvextend No command with matching syntax recognised. Run 'lvextend --help' for more information. [root@csvn ~]# [root@csvn ~]# lvextend /dev/mapper/centos-root No command with matching syntax recognised. Run 'lvextend --help' for more information. [root@csvn ~]# [root@csvn ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 6 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 5.50 GiB PE Size 4.00 GiB Total PE 2433 Alloc PE / Size 2424 / <9.47 GiB Free PE / Size 9 / 4.00 GiB VG UUID rQ55Rt-cdp0-Z177-4RaC-e5PN-7dU2-WTRCDO
擴容
[root@csvn ~]# lvresize -L +4G /dev/mapper/centos-root Extending logical volume LogVol00 to 8.9G GB Logical volume /centos-root successfully resized
同步文件系統
[root@csvn ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=318976 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=0 finobt=0 spinodes=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=1275904, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 data blocks changed from 1275904 to 2324480
驗證
[root@csvn ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 484M 0 484M 0% /dev tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 496M 7.1M 489M 2% /run tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/centos-root 8.9G 2.9G 6.1G 33% / /dev/sdb1 4.8G 21M 4.6G 1% /data /dev/sda1 497M 154M 344M 31% /boot tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/0 tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/1001
成功擴容
報錯
Can't initialize physical volume（無法初始化的物理量）
[root@csvn ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3 Can't initialize physical volume "/dev/sda3" of volume group "centos" without -ff /dev/sda3: physical volume not initialized. [root@csvn ~]#
檢查后得知，之前按照常規流程創建過LVM：/dev/centos/sda3，而沒有卸載掉。
解決方法：
方法一：
按順序先后卸載邏輯卷、卷組（必要時還要卸載物理卷）：
lvremove /dev/...邏輯卷
vgremove 卷組
成功卸載后再重新執行sudo pvcreate /dev/cciss/c0d1p1，不再有錯誤發生。
接着執行后續動作來創建LVM。
方法二：
pvcreate -ff -y /dev/sda3
因為我是擴充根目錄的，根目錄卷組無法卸載，所以這個方法不適用。
[root@csvn ~]# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
/dev/sr0是你的光驅（CD Drive），因為你運行partprobe時沒有指定設備，所以它會檢查所有的塊設備（block devices），由於光驅是read-only，所以報上述告警信息，其實避免這個錯誤也很簡單，你只需要使用partprobe檢查、掃描指定設備即可。
[root@csvn ~]# partprobe /dev/sda3
[root@csvn ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/centos-root resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/mapper/centos-root Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock. [root@csvn ~]#
resize2fs
調整ext2\ext3\ext4文件系統的大小，它可以放大或者縮小沒有掛載的文件系統的大小。如果文件系統已經掛載，它可以擴大文件系統的大小，前提是內核支持在線調整大小。
擴容/目錄后，df -h查看，卻沒有擴容到。重啟也不行，百度說umout目錄重新擴容試試，但根目錄不可能umout的。
具體再百度發現，（由於CentOS6和CentOS7在默認根文件系統的文件系統格式存在差異，需要判斷是否為xfs，如果是xfs則應該使用xfs_growfs而不是一味的使用resize2fs。）
Linux7文件系統格式是xfs，resize2fs命令是讀取不了的。
所以要用xfs_growfs來同步文件系統。
[root@csvn ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 484M 0 484M 0% /dev tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 496M 7.1M 489M 2% /run tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/centos-root 4.9G 2.9G 2.1G 59% / /dev/sdb1 4.8G 21M 4.6G 1% /data /dev/sda1 497M 154M 344M 31% /boot tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/0 tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/1001 [root@csvn ~]# [root@csvn ~]# [root@csvn ~]# [root@csvn ~]# xfs_info /dev/centos/root meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=318976 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=0 finobt=0 spinodes=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=1275904, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 [root@csvn ~]#
用xfs_growfs來同步文件系
[root@csvn ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=318976 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=0 finobt=0 spinodes=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=1275904, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 data blocks changed from 1275904 to 2324480 [root@csvn ~]# [root@csvn ~]# [root@csvn ~]# [root@csvn ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 484M 0 484M 0% /dev tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 496M 7.1M 489M 2% /run tmpfs 496M 0 496M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/centos-root 8.9G 2.9G 6.1G 33% / /dev/sdb1 4.8G 21M 4.6G 1% /data /dev/sda1 497M 154M 344M 31% /boot tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/0 tmpfs 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user/1001 [root@csvn ~]#
可看到已成功擴容根目錄。
附錄：
xfs_admin: 調整 xfs 文件系統的各種參數
xfs_copy: 拷貝 xfs 文件系統的內容到一個或多個目標系統（並行方式）
xfs_db: 調試或檢測 xfs 文件系統（查看文件系統碎片等）
xfs_check: 檢測 xfs 文件系統的完整性
xfs_bmap: 查看一個文件的塊映射
xfs_repair: 嘗試修復受損的 xfs 文件系統
xfs_fsr: 碎片整理
xfs_quota: 管理 xfs 文件系統的磁盤配額
xfs_metadump: 將 xfs 文件系統的元數據 (metadata) 拷貝到一個文件中
xfs_mdrestore: 從一個文件中將元數據 (metadata) 恢復到 xfs 文件系統
xfs_growfs: 調整一個 xfs 文件系統大小（只能擴展）
xfs_freeze 暫停（-f）和恢復（-u）xfs 文件系統
xfs_logprint: 打印xfs文件系統的日志
xfs_mkfile: 創建xfs文件系統
xfs_info: 查詢文件系統詳細信息
xfs_ncheck: generate pathnames from i-numbers for XFS
xfs_rtcp: XFS實時拷貝命令
xfs_io: 調試xfs I/O路徑