sql行轉列方式

第一種常規方法，利用子查詢和集合計算：
select lineCode,
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '1' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '1',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '2' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '2',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '3' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '3',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '4' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '4',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '5' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '5',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '6' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '6',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '7' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '7',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '8' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '8',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '9' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '9',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '10' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END) '10',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '11' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END) '11',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '12' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END) '12',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '13' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END) '13',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '14' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END) '14',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '15' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END) '15'
from (
         select busstainfo_xl as lineCode, count(*) count, busstainfo_pllx as alarmSubType
         from busstainfo
         where busstainfo_rq between '20220216' and '20220216'
           and busstainfo_bjlx = '疲勞駕駛'
         group by busstainfo_xl, busstainfo_pllx
     ) tmp
GROUP BY lineCode


第二種利用 PIVOT

with tmp as (
         select busstainfo_xl as lineCode, count(*) count, busstainfo_pllx as alarmSubType
         from busstainfo where busstainfo_rq between '20220216' and '20220216'
           and busstainfo_bjlx = '疲勞駕駛'
         group by busstainfo_xl, busstainfo_pllx)

SELECT * FROM tmp
         PIVOT
         (
         SUM(count) for [alarmSubType] in ([1])
         ) TBL


抽時間再做詳細解釋。
有興趣參考這兩篇行專列文章：
SQL之行轉列Pivot函數 - 簡書 (jianshu.com)
MySQL行專列、多表聯查行專列、sql行專列_李程程的博客-CSDN博客_行專列

示例：

SELECT B.date,B.天然氣,B.天然氣,B.柴油,B.電
from (
         SELECT SUBSTRING(REPLACE(time, '-', ''), 0, 7) date,
                type,
                sum(amount) AS amount
         FROM table
         group by SUBSTRING(REPLACE(time, '-', ''), 0, 7), type
     ) A PIVOT (
         SUM(A.amount) FOR [type] IN ([電], [LNG天然氣], [CNG天然氣],[柴油])
         ) B

 SELECT top 10
        SUBSTRING(REPLACE(time, '-', ''), 0, 7)      date,
   case fill_type when '電' then isnull(sum(amount),0) end 'elec',
   case fill_type when 'LNG天然氣' then isnull(sum(amount),0) end 'lng',
   case fill_type when 'CNG天然氣' then isnull(sum(amount),0) end 'cng',
   case fill_type when '柴油' then isnull(sum(amount),0) end 'diesel'
FROM table
where SUBSTRING(REPLACE(time, '-', ''), 0, 7) like '202%'
group by SUBSTRING(REPLACE(time, '-', ''), 0, 7), type order by date desc