sql行转列方式

第一种常规方法，利用子查询和集合计算：
select lineCode,
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '1' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '1',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '2' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '2',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '3' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '3',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '4' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '4',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '5' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '5',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '6' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '6',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '7' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '7',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '8' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '8',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '9' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END)  '9',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '10' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END) '10',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '11' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END) '11',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '12' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END) '12',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '13' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END) '13',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '14' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END) '14',
       SUM(CASE tmp.alarmSubType WHEN '15' THEN tmp.count ELSE 0 END) '15'
from (
         select busstainfo_xl as lineCode, count(*) count, busstainfo_pllx as alarmSubType
         from busstainfo
         where busstainfo_rq between '20220216' and '20220216'
           and busstainfo_bjlx = '疲劳驾驶'
         group by busstainfo_xl, busstainfo_pllx
     ) tmp
GROUP BY lineCode


第二种利用 PIVOT

with tmp as (
         select busstainfo_xl as lineCode, count(*) count, busstainfo_pllx as alarmSubType
         from busstainfo where busstainfo_rq between '20220216' and '20220216'
           and busstainfo_bjlx = '疲劳驾驶'
         group by busstainfo_xl, busstainfo_pllx)

SELECT * FROM tmp
         PIVOT
         (
         SUM(count) for [alarmSubType] in ([1])
         ) TBL


抽时间再做详细解释。
有兴趣参考这两篇行专列文章：
SQL之行转列Pivot函数 - 简书 (jianshu.com)
MySQL行专列、多表联查行专列、sql行专列_李程程的博客-CSDN博客_行专列

示例：

SELECT B.date,B.天然气,B.天然气,B.柴油,B.电
from (
         SELECT SUBSTRING(REPLACE(time, '-', ''), 0, 7) date,
                type,
                sum(amount) AS amount
         FROM table
         group by SUBSTRING(REPLACE(time, '-', ''), 0, 7), type
     ) A PIVOT (
         SUM(A.amount) FOR [type] IN ([电], [LNG天然气], [CNG天然气],[柴油])
         ) B

 SELECT top 10
        SUBSTRING(REPLACE(time, '-', ''), 0, 7)      date,
   case fill_type when '电' then isnull(sum(amount),0) end 'elec',
   case fill_type when 'LNG天然气' then isnull(sum(amount),0) end 'lng',
   case fill_type when 'CNG天然气' then isnull(sum(amount),0) end 'cng',
   case fill_type when '柴油' then isnull(sum(amount),0) end 'diesel'
FROM table
where SUBSTRING(REPLACE(time, '-', ''), 0, 7) like '202%'
group by SUBSTRING(REPLACE(time, '-', ''), 0, 7), type order by date desc