Unity C#代碼入門

1. 腳本基本結構

1.1 unity生成的模板

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class Test : MonoBehaviour
{
    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        //設置初始值，相當於構造函數
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        //不停循環執行的代碼
    }
}

1.2 常用的注解屬性

[SerializeField] 
float moveSpeed = 8;


Debug.Log("Celling");//控制台輸出

other.gameObject.tag == "Celling"//獲得tag

csharp如果不標明類別, 默認pravite

加上SerializeField, 能讓pravite的變量, 在unity右側直接調節

Time.deltaTime

不同的機器, 游戲幀數不同, Time.deltaTime可以讓機器用相同的幀數執行

1.3 常見的類

類名	解釋
Text	得到UI的text(需要導入using UnityEngine.UI;)
Animator	動畫
SpriteRenderer	渲染器(改變物體的外觀?)
GameObject	獲取游戲內物體

2. 源碼解析

public class Player : MonoBehaviour
{
    //類名必須一致
    
}

2.1 初始值定義

 void Start()
    {
        
        HP = 10;
        score = 0;
        scoreTime = 0f;
        anim = GetComponent<Animator>();
        render = GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>();
        deathSound = GetComponent<AudioSource>();
        
    }

GetComponent ();獲得的是當前類的組件AudioSource, 由於獲取的是類的引用, 因此可以改變類的屬性.

2.2 循環執行函數

void Update()
    {
        if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.RightArrow))
        {
            transform.Translate(moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime, 0, 0);
            render.flipX = false;
            anim.SetBool("run", true);
        }
        else if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.LeftArrow))
        {
            transform.Translate(-moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime, 0, 0);
            render.flipX = true;
            anim.SetBool("run", true);

        }
        else
        {
            anim.SetBool("run", false);
        }

        UpdateScore();
    }

2.2.1 鍵盤監聽函數

Input.GetKey(KeyCode.RightArrow) //輸入的是右邊箭頭

2.2.2 變換屬性 transform

​ transform.Translate(moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime, 0, 0);

將向x軸移動一定的距離

其實就是右側的這些屬性, 因此Rotation旋轉, Scale縮放都能調整

render.flipX = false;

GetComponent<SpriteRenderer>().flipX = false;

同理:

 anim.SetBool("run", true);

GetComponent<Animator>().SetBool("run", true);

動畫也是如此

當然動畫要復雜些

2.3 碰撞函數

void OnCollisionEnter2D(Collision2D other)
    {
        if (other.gameObject.tag == "Normal")
        {
            if (other.contacts[0].normal == new Vector2(0f, 1f))
            {
                currentFloor = other.gameObject;
                ModifyHp(1);
                other.gameObject.GetComponent<AudioSource>().Play();
                Debug.Log("floor1");
            }

        }
        else if (other.gameObject.tag == "Nails")
        {
            if (other.contacts[0].normal == new Vector2(0f, 1f))
            {
                currentFloor = other.gameObject;
                ModifyHp(-2);
                Debug.Log("floor2");
                anim.SetTrigger("hurt");
                other.gameObject.GetComponent<AudioSource>().Play();
            }
        }
        else if (other.gameObject.tag == "Celling")
        {
            if (other.contacts[0].normal == new Vector2(0f, -1f))
            {

                currentFloor.GetComponent<BoxCollider2D>().enabled = false;
                ModifyHp(-2);
                Debug.Log("Celling");
                anim.SetTrigger("hurt");
                other.gameObject.GetComponent<AudioSource>().Play();
            }
        }

    }

所謂碰撞就是, 遇到other這個物體會和它發生物理效果, 而不是穿過

2.3.1 碰撞檢測精確到邊

other.contacts[0].normal == new Vector2(0f, 1f)  
//normal就是法向量

2.4 穿過函數

void OnTriggerEnter2D(Collider2D other)
{
    if (other.gameObject.tag == "DeadLine")
    {
        ModifyHp(-12);
        Die();
    }
}

2.5 操作子組件

void UpdateHpBar()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < HpBar.transform.childCount; i++)
    {
        if (HP > i)
        {
            HpBar.transform.GetChild(i).gameObject.SetActive(true);
        }
        else
        {
            HpBar.transform.GetChild(i).gameObject.SetActive(false);

        }
    }
}

主要是對gameObject的操作

3. 常用函數

3.1 結束游戲

void Die()
{
    deathSound.Play();
    Time.timeScale = 0f;  //時間靜止
    btnReplay.SetActive(true);
}

3.2 重啟游戲

//需要使用以下命名空間
using UnityEngine.SceneManagement;
public void Replay()
{
    Time.timeScale = 1;
    /*重新加載場景*/
    SceneManager.LoadScene("SampleScene");
}

3.3 銷毀物體

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class Floor : MonoBehaviour
{
    [SerializeField] float moveSpeed = 1f;

    // Start is called before the first frame update
    void Start()
    {
        
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {
        transform.Translate(0,moveSpeed * Time.deltaTime,0);
        if(transform.position.y>=4.7f)
        {
            Destroy(gameObject);
            transform.parent.GetComponent<FloorManager>().SpwanFloor();
        }

    }
}

3.4 生成新的物體

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class FloorManager : MonoBehaviour
{
    [SerializeField] GameObject[] floorPerfabs;
    public void SpwanFloor()
    {
        int r = Random.Range(0,2);
        GameObject floor = Instantiate(floorPerfabs[r],transform);
        floor.transform.position = new Vector3(Random.Range(-3.8f,3.8f),-5,0);
    }
}