python selenium 瀏覽器登錄並獲取cookie

一、各模塊說明

selenium.webdriver                                  瀏覽器驅動
selenium.webdriver.common.by                        選擇器類型
selenium.webdriver.support.wait.WebDriverWait       等待控制
selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions      條件控制
selenium.common.exceptions                          異常類型

 

二、導入相關模塊

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException

 

三、加載驅動

# 按驅動類型加載驅動
if Path('./chromedriver.exe').exists():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
elif Path('./geckodriver.exe').exists():
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()
else:
    print('異常：未找到瀏覽器驅動')
    print('提示：請下載對應版本的瀏覽器驅動，並放置於目錄：' + os.getcwd())
    print('chrome: http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/')
    print('Firefox: http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/geckodriver/')
    exit(0)

 

四、打開網頁

# 窗口最大化
driver.maximize_window()
# 打開網頁
driver.get('https://xxxxx')

 

五、元素獲取及點擊

driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.btn-login').click()

注：這里用的是 css 選擇器，其他選擇器參考這里：定位元素 | Selenium

 

六、輸入賬號密碼並提交登錄

driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.phonenum_input').send_keys(phone)
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.password_input').send_keys(password)
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.login_submit').click()

 

七、等待登錄成功后獲取cookie

locator = (By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.user')
encrypted = '%s****%s' % (phone[:2], phone[-2:])
WebDriverWait(driver, 3).until(EC.text_to_be_present_in_element(locator, encrypted))
cookies = driver.get_cookies()
Path('./cookies.txt').write_text(json.dumps(cookies))
print('登錄成功')
driver.quit()

 

八、使用保存的cookie請求其他接口

headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/92.0.4515.107 Safari/537.36 Edg/92.0.902.62'}
    
cookies = Path('./cookies.txt').read_text()
cookies = {x['name']: x['value'] for x in json.loads(cookies)}

try:
    r = requests.get(url, data=data, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, timeout=5)
    return r.json()
except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
    print('Error: request timeout.')
    return None
except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError:
    print('Error: json decode error.')
    return None

 

九、selenium 的其他操作

https://www.selenium.dev/zh-cn/documentation/webdriver/browser_manipulation/

 

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完。