selenium設置chrome瀏覽器保持登錄方式兩種options和cookie

方法一：

1.在初始化driver之前先設置options

2.其他關於options介紹鏈接：http://www.cnblogs.com/baoyu7yi/p/7058537.html

3.代碼

from selenium import  webdriver

#實例化谷歌設置選項
option = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
#添加保持登錄的數據路徑：安裝目錄一般在C:\Users\黃\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data
option.add_argument(r"user-data-dir=C:\Users\黃\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data")

#初始化driver
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=option)
driver.get("https://ke.qq.com/")
driver.maximize_window()

 方法二：

1.通過F12查找到保存登錄的cookie

2.cookie添加的源碼解讀

  由源碼可以看出，添加的cookie是字典類型的。添加鍵值為name和value，還有其他可選的鍵。

 這些鍵名都代表什么意思呢？參考博文《selenium3.7+ python3 添加cookie模擬登陸》，羅列如下

• name：cookie的名稱

• value：cookie對應的值，動態生成的

• domain：服務器域名

• expiry：Cookie有效終止日期

• path：Path屬性定義了Web服務器上哪些路徑下的頁面可獲取服務器設置的Cookie

• httpOnly：防腳本攻擊

• secure:在Cookie中標記該變量，表明只有當瀏覽器和Web Server之間的通信協議為加密認證協議時

def add_cookie(self, cookie_dict):
        """
        Adds a cookie to your current session.

        :Args:
         - cookie_dict: A dictionary object, with required keys - "name" and "value";
            optional keys - "path", "domain", "secure", "expiry"

        Usage:
            driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar'})
            driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'path' : '/'})
            driver.add_cookie({'name' : 'foo', 'value' : 'bar', 'path' : '/', 'secure':True})

        """
        self.execute(Command.ADD_COOKIE, {'cookie': cookie_dict})

3.webdriver提供了一些操作cookie的方法。
1）get_cookies():獲取所有的cookie信息
2）get_cookie(name):返回字典key為“name”的cookie信息
3）add_cookie(cookie_dict):添加cookie，“cookie_dict”指的是字典對象，必須有key和value
4）delete_cookie(name,optionsString)：刪除cookie信息。name為要刪除的cookie名稱，optionsString指該cookie的選項，目前支持的選項包括”路徑“和”域“
5）delete_all_cookies()：刪除所有cookie信息。

4.例：添加一個cookie，保持登錄

from selenium import webdriver

'''
1.F12獲取cookie，在添加cookie前后都要寫上driver.get()
2.此處cookie獲取就一個
'''
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
cookie1 = {"name":"_redmine_session","value":"SzByNTJSUXBReEViVUJZd1lLRll4bnFJMW1rRHdiTFVtOXM1ck85M0tiMXB6bWRXOUxoc21leTlWVlFSQ2tHRHVrZS90dTQ0T0pZZmxjQ0dQakRNR2FuMS9keVBXWmdSMEQ3TFJ0T0JHVWlHNEsxMWVZRkdpRFR5amxLbVl5NDZaeWhDRGpHM2M4TzN5VHM4ZTZ4ckV2VWVCbTgrVEFDdVU4YjVOcDNmcHNqYUVjN082YllkUm95YzR4V2dJRkNtZVhTVkVXUHFpRmRXOFRFcXppZHl5UUw5Z1NYUEZYRWRLdTBjZVc3RU5yYz0tLXgzcmcxL2c4ODIzN2hRWnV2QVl3cEE9PQ%3D%3D--3af0df2799ffc8552ef1d9dbf7f5e90379a2ecbd"}
driver.get("http://192.168.129.109/projects/ptts-1-0?jump=account")
driver.add_cookie(cookie_dict=cookie1)
driver.get("http://192.168.129.109/projects/ptts-1-0?jump=account")

5.例：添加兩個cookie，保持登錄狀態（以百度頁面登錄為例）

driver1 = webdriver.Chrome()
driver1.maximize_window()
cookie2 = {"name":"BDUSS","value":"UJJTH5rcE9qd1VsWDZ5SzFsQkJVZUVPZTMwRi05bzg4UDE5YXJYZDAzNklkRzViQVFBQUFBJCQAAAAAAAAAAAEAAADzdT9HTGlseTAyNTE4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIjnRluI50Zbe"}
cookie3 = {"name":"BAIDUID","value":"F513A1C2ADA0A19C868F711C1792A3D0"}
driver1.get("https://passport.baidu.com/center")
#將獲取的兩個cookie都添加上
driver1.add_cookie(cookie2)
driver1.add_cookie(cookie3)
driver1.get("https://passport.baidu.com/center")

 

6.在輸入以下代碼會出現報錯為：Message: unable to set cookie。報錯信息如下

 

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:/python_workshop/python6/selenium_webdriver/add_cookies的使用(二).py", line 9, in <module>
    driver.add_cookie(cookie_dict=cookies)
  File "D:\Program\python34\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 872, in add_cookie
    self.execute(Command.ADD_COOKIE, {'cookie': cookie_dict})
  File "D:\Program\python34\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 312, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "D:\Program\python34\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unable to set cookie
  (Session info: chrome=66.0.3359.139)
  (Driver info: chromedriver=2.35.528161 (5b82f2d2aae0ca24b877009200ced9065a772e73),platform=Windows NT 6.1.7600 x86_64)

 

 解決方法：參考文檔--https://www.cnblogs.com/CoolJayson/p/7421013.html

                需要在driver.add_cookie()前加上driver1.get("url地址")。

               必須首先加載網站，這樣Selenium 才能知道cookie 屬於哪個網站，即使加載網站的行為對我們沒任何用處。如下代碼加粗部分。

driver1 = webdriver.Chrome()
driver1.maximize_window()
cookie2 = {"name":"BDUSS","value":"UJJTH5rcE9qd1VsWDZ5SzFsQkJVZUVPZTMwRi05bzg4UDE5YXJYZDAzNklkRzViQVFBQUFBJCQAAAAAAAAAAAEAAADzdT9HTGlseTAyNTE4AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIjnRluI50Zbe"}
cookie3 = {"name":"BAIDUID","value":"F513A1C2ADA0A19C868F711C1792A3D0"}
driver1.get("https://passport.baidu.com/center") #將獲取的兩個cookie都添加上
driver1.add_cookie(cookie2)
driver1.add_cookie(cookie3)
driver1.get("https://passport.baidu.com/center")