最近項目有相關需求，所以來學習下oracle12c的靜默安裝，防忘記
操作系統：centos7.6
oracle安裝包：12c
1.關閉防火牆
systemctl stop firewalld.service #關閉防火牆
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止防火牆開機啟動
systemctl status firewalld.service #查看防火牆狀態
2.關閉selinux
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled #修改的內容，永久關閉
3.安裝相關依賴包，多試幾次
yum install binutils -y yum install compat-libcap1 -y yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y yum install compat-libstdc++-33.i686 -y yum install glibc -y yum install glibc.i686 -y yum install glibc-devel -y yum install glibc-devel.i686 -y yum install ksh -y yum install libaio -y yum install libaio.i686 -y yum install libaio-devel -y yum install libaio-devel.i686 -y yum install libX11 -y yum install libX11.i686 -y yum install libXau -y yum install libXau.i686 -y yum install libXi -y yum install libXi.i686 -y yum install libXtst -y yum install libXtst.i686 -y yum install libgcc -y yum install libgcc.i686 -y yum install libstdc++ -y yum install libstdc++.i686 -y yum install libstdc++-devel -y yum install libstdc++-devel.i686 -y yum install libxcb -y yum install libxcb.i686 -y yum install make -y yum install nfs-utils -y yum install net-tools -y yum install smartmontools -y yum install sysstat -y yum install unixODBC -y yum install unixODBC-devel -y
yum install libXprender
yum install libX*
4.創建用戶組
groupadd oinstall #創建用戶組oinstall groupadd dba #創建用戶組dba useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle #創建用戶oracle，並加入oinstall和dba附屬組 passwd oracle #設置用戶oracle的登錄密碼，根據提示輸入兩次密碼
5.修改內核參數
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
添加以下內容 #oracle add
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
sysctl -p #使配置生效
6.修改用戶限制
vi /etc/security/limits.conf # 在文件末尾添加下面6行內容：
oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 10240
7.修改用戶登錄庫文件引用
vi /etc/pam.d/login # 在文件末尾添加下面2行內容
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so session required pam_limits.so
8.修改用戶登錄環境變量
vi /etc/profile # 在文件末尾添加下面內容
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536
else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi # 使修改的文件生效
source /etc/profile
9.創建安裝相關目錄
mkdir /u01
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle //oracle數據庫安裝目錄
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory //oracle數據庫配置文件目錄
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata //存放數據庫的數據目錄
chmod -R 775 /u01/app
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 //設置目錄所有者為oinstall用戶組的oracle用戶
10.配置oracle環境變量
su - oracle #切換用戶
vi ~/.bash_profile # 添加內容如下
#For Oracle
export DISPLAY=:0.0
export TMP=/tmp;
export TMPDIR=$TMP;
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm;
export LANG=C
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH;
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;
#使配置生效
source ~/.bash_profile
11.解壓12c安裝包
mkdir /u01/dbfile
unzip /mnt/linux_12c.zip -d /u01/dbfile #這里我是將掛載自己電腦包解壓到服務器dbfile下
cd /home/oracle/
mkdir etc #oracle用戶下創建etc文件夾用來存儲待會解壓后的靜默安裝，建監聽，建庫的三個參數文件
cp /u01/dbfile/database/response/* /home/oracle/etc
chmod 700 /home/oracle/etc/*.rsp #修改文件權限
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/etc #更改屬組
12.修改靜默安裝配置文件db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY #安裝類型 UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory #第9步創建的 ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1 oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE #企業版 oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE #庫類型 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl #庫名 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl #實例名 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8 #字符集 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=Tesunet123 #全局密碼 SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
13.開始靜默安裝
cd /u01/dbfile/database
#注意用oracle用戶執行安裝 ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp #這條命令是靜默安裝命令 ./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -ignorePrereq -showProgress -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp #這條是忽略所有檢查強制安裝，我這里是存在一些依賴包的問題，所以使用了強制安裝
安裝完成后
14.配置監聽
#oracle用戶執行
cd /home/oracle/etc netca -silent -responsefile /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp
lsnrctl start
lsnrctl stop
15.配置靜默建庫參數
vi /home/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp # 修改一下內容
gdbName=orcl sid=orcl databaseConfigType=SI numberOfPDBs=1 templateName=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc sysPassword=Tesunet123 systemPassword=Tesunet123 oracleHomeUserPassword=Tesunet123 emExpressPort=5500 runCVUChecks=false characterSet=AL32UTF8 nationalCharacterSet=AL16UTF16 cd /home/oracle/etc # oracle用戶執行
dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp 此時可看到進度條 fail with ORA-27125 - Unable to create shared memory segment error. ACTION: Specify SGA size lesser than or equal to the shmmax on the system. Copying database files 1% complete 2% complete 18% complete 33% complete Creating and starting Oracle instance 35% complete 40% complete 44% complete 49% complete 50% complete 53% complete 55% complete Completing Database Creation 56% complete 57% complete 58% complete 62% complete 65% complete 66% complete Executing Post Configuration Actions 100% complete Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details.
16.測試登錄
sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> select open_mode from v$database; //查看數據庫 SQL> select status from v$instance; //查看數據庫實例
17.數據庫開啟自啟實例
切換root用戶執行下面語句 vi /etc/oratab #修改此文件，讓sqlplus / as sysdba；startup；不用手動執行
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.4/db_1:N #這里把N改成Y，數據庫開機自動打開
vi /etc/rc.local #修改此文件，數據庫監聽和服務開機自啟
su - oracle -lc "/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start" #與安裝目錄相關
su - oracle -lc /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart #與安裝目錄相關
修改DB啟動配置文件(安裝目錄中的dbstart文件) vi /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart 將ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1中的$1修改為/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/ #oracle安裝路徑
到此12c安裝完成