最近项目有相关需求，所以来学习下oracle12c的静默安装，防忘记
操作系统：centos7.6
oracle安装包：12c
1.关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙
systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止防火墙开机启动
systemctl status firewalld.service #查看防火墙状态
2.关闭selinux
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled #修改的内容，永久关闭
3.安装相关依赖包，多试几次
yum install binutils -y yum install compat-libcap1 -y yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y yum install compat-libstdc++-33.i686 -y yum install glibc -y yum install glibc.i686 -y yum install glibc-devel -y yum install glibc-devel.i686 -y yum install ksh -y yum install libaio -y yum install libaio.i686 -y yum install libaio-devel -y yum install libaio-devel.i686 -y yum install libX11 -y yum install libX11.i686 -y yum install libXau -y yum install libXau.i686 -y yum install libXi -y yum install libXi.i686 -y yum install libXtst -y yum install libXtst.i686 -y yum install libgcc -y yum install libgcc.i686 -y yum install libstdc++ -y yum install libstdc++.i686 -y yum install libstdc++-devel -y yum install libstdc++-devel.i686 -y yum install libxcb -y yum install libxcb.i686 -y yum install make -y yum install nfs-utils -y yum install net-tools -y yum install smartmontools -y yum install sysstat -y yum install unixODBC -y yum install unixODBC-devel -y
yum install libXprender
yum install libX*
4.创建用户组
groupadd oinstall #创建用户组oinstall groupadd dba #创建用户组dba useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle #创建用户oracle，并加入oinstall和dba附属组 passwd oracle #设置用户oracle的登录密码，根据提示输入两次密码
5.修改内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
添加以下内容 #oracle add
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
sysctl -p #使配置生效
6.修改用户限制
vi /etc/security/limits.conf # 在文件末尾添加下面6行内容：
oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 oracle hard stack 10240
7.修改用户登录库文件引用
vi /etc/pam.d/login # 在文件末尾添加下面2行内容
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so session required pam_limits.so
8.修改用户登录环境变量
vi /etc/profile # 在文件末尾添加下面内容
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536
else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi # 使修改的文件生效
source /etc/profile
9.创建安装相关目录
mkdir /u01
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle //oracle数据库安装目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory //oracle数据库配置文件目录
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata //存放数据库的数据目录
chmod -R 775 /u01/app
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 //设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户
10.配置oracle环境变量
su - oracle #切换用户
vi ~/.bash_profile # 添加内容如下
#For Oracle
export DISPLAY=:0.0
export TMP=/tmp;
export TMPDIR=$TMP;
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm;
export LANG=C
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH;
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;
#使配置生效
source ~/.bash_profile
11.解压12c安装包
mkdir /u01/dbfile
unzip /mnt/linux_12c.zip -d /u01/dbfile #这里我是将挂载自己电脑包解压到服务器dbfile下
cd /home/oracle/
mkdir etc #oracle用户下创建etc文件夹用来存储待会解压后的静默安装，建监听，建库的三个参数文件
cp /u01/dbfile/database/response/* /home/oracle/etc
chmod 700 /home/oracle/etc/*.rsp #修改文件权限
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/etc #更改属组
12.修改静默安装配置文件db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY #安装类型 UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory #第9步创建的 ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1 oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE #企业版 oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=oinstall oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE #库类型 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl #库名 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl #实例名 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8 #字符集 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=Tesunet123 #全局密码 SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
13.开始静默安装
cd /u01/dbfile/database
#注意用oracle用户执行安装 ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp #这条命令是静默安装命令 ./runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -ignorePrereq -showProgress -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp #这条是忽略所有检查强制安装，我这里是存在一些依赖包的问题，所以使用了强制安装
安装完成后
14.配置监听
#oracle用户执行
cd /home/oracle/etc netca -silent -responsefile /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp
lsnrctl start
lsnrctl stop
15.配置静默建库参数
vi /home/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp # 修改一下内容
gdbName=orcl sid=orcl databaseConfigType=SI numberOfPDBs=1 templateName=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/assistants/dbca/templates/General_Purpose.dbc sysPassword=Tesunet123 systemPassword=Tesunet123 oracleHomeUserPassword=Tesunet123 emExpressPort=5500 runCVUChecks=false characterSet=AL32UTF8 nationalCharacterSet=AL16UTF16 cd /home/oracle/etc # oracle用户执行
dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp 此时可看到进度条 fail with ORA-27125 - Unable to create shared memory segment error. ACTION: Specify SGA size lesser than or equal to the shmmax on the system. Copying database files 1% complete 2% complete 18% complete 33% complete Creating and starting Oracle instance 35% complete 40% complete 44% complete 49% complete 50% complete 53% complete 55% complete Completing Database Creation 56% complete 57% complete 58% complete 62% complete 65% complete 66% complete Executing Post Configuration Actions 100% complete Look at the log file "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details.
16.测试登录
sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> select open_mode from v$database; //查看数据库 SQL> select status from v$instance; //查看数据库实例
17.数据库开启自启实例
切换root用户执行下面语句 vi /etc/oratab #修改此文件，让sqlplus / as sysdba；startup；不用手动执行
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.4/db_1:N #这里把N改成Y，数据库开机自动打开
vi /etc/rc.local #修改此文件，数据库监听和服务开机自启
su - oracle -lc "/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start" #与安装目录相关
su - oracle -lc /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart #与安装目录相关
修改DB启动配置文件(安装目录中的dbstart文件) vi /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart 将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1中的$1修改为/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/ #oracle安装路径
到此12c安装完成