OSPF-三張表+路由器角色+router-id


驗證理論:

1.剖析OSPF的三張表:鄰居表,拓撲表,路由表

  dis ospf peer brief

  dis ospf lsdb

  dis ip routing-table protocol ospf

 

2.查看OSPF路由器的角色

  dis ospf abr-asbr

 

3.OSPFrouter id選舉機制

  1.手動指定

  2.選擇loopback接口(選擇較大IP,是否在OSPF進程中並不重要)

  3.選擇物理接口(選擇較大IP,是否在OSPF進程中並不重要)

  *123規則,先配置會優先生效

  *router-id選舉機制不具有搶占性。修改router-id如果要生效的話需要重啟進程生效reset ospf process

  *查看router-id命令:dis ospf peer brief

 

 

 實驗拓撲:

 

 

 

 初始配置:

  *說明,為方便后面驗證router-id,AR123都是先在互聯接口上使能OSPF

[AR3]ip route-static 150.1.4.4 32 155.1.34.4

[AR3-ospf-1]import-route static 

[AR4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 155.1.34.3

初始結果:

[AR1]dis ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 4 Routes : 4

OSPF routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 4 Routes : 4

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

150.1.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1 D 155.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
150.1.3.3/32 OSPF 10 2 D 155.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
150.1.4.4/32 O_ASE 150 1 D 155.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
155.1.23.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 155.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0

 

 

一.

實驗目的:

剖析OSPF三張表項

1.鄰居表-dis ospf peer 

[AR3]dis ospf peer brief

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 155.1.23.3
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id    Interface      Neighbor id     State
0.0.0.0  GigabitEthernet0/0/1   155.1.12.2    Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

可查看信息:

1.該鄰居是在本地的哪個OSPF進程內:OSPF Process 1

2.本路由器的router-id:Router ID 155.1.23.3

3.接口及鄰居互聯接口所屬區域:Area Id 

4.本路由器用來和鄰居建立關系的接口:Interface 

5.鄰居的router-id: Neighbor id 

6.本路由器與鄰居建立的關系當前的狀態:State

 

擴展:dis ospf peer 

[AR3]dis ospf peer

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 155.1.23.3
Neighbors

Area 0.0.0.0 interface 155.1.23.3(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)'s neighbors
Router ID: 155.1.12.2 Address: 155.1.23.2
State: Full Mode:Nbr is Slave Priority: 1
DR: 155.1.23.3 BDR: 155.1.23.2 MTU: 0
Dead timer due in 31 sec
Retrans timer interval: 5
Neighbor is up for 00:05:00
Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]

可查看信息:

1.該鄰居是在本地的哪個OSPF進程內+本路由器的router-id:OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 155.1.23.3

2.接口及鄰居互聯接口所屬區域+本路由器用來和鄰居建立關系的接口地址和接口號:Area 0.0.0.0 interface 155.1.23.3(GigabitEthernet0/0/1)'s neighbors

3.鄰居router id+鄰居與本路由器互聯接口的IP地址:Router ID: 155.1.12.2 Address: 155.1.23.2

4.本路由器與鄰居建立的關系當前的狀態+主從選舉結果

5.鄰居狀態(可能為down,attempt,init,two-way,exstart,exchange,loading,full)+鄰居在進行DD報文選舉過程中的主從狀態,鄰居的優先級:State: Full Mode:Nbr is Slave Priority: 1

6.指定路由器地址,備份路由器地址,鄰居接口MTU的值:DR: 155.1.23.3 BDR: 155.1.23.2 MTU: 0

7.dead計時器在31s后到時:Dead timer due in 31 sec

8.重傳LSA的時間間隔,單位為秒:Retrans timer interval: 5

9.距離鄰居建立的時間:Neighbor is up for 00:05:00

10.認證序列號:Authentication Sequence: [ 0 ]

 

2.拓撲表

dis ospf lsdb

[AR1]dis ospf lsdb

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 155.1.12.1
Link State Database

Area: 0.0.0.1
Type   LinkState ID    AdvRouter    Age   Len    Sequence    Metric
Router     155.1.12.2     155.1.12.2           982    48    80000005     1
Router     155.1.12.1     155.1.12.1      981    48   80000004      1
Network  155.1.12.2      155.1.12.2     982     32      80000001      0
Sum-Net 150.1.3.3     155.1.12.2     968     28    80000001      1
Sum-Net 155.1.23.0      155.1.12.2    1006    28    80000001      1
Sum-Asbr 155.1.34.3    155.1.12.2     68     28   80000001      1

AS External Database
Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric
External 150.1.4.4 155.1.34.3 1004 36 80000001 1

可查看信息:

1.該鄰居是在本地的哪個OSPF進程內+本路由器的router-id:OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 155.1.12.1

2.顯示LSDB信息的區域:Area: 0.0.0.1

3.LSA類型(Router/Network/Sum-Net/Sum-Asbr/NSSA/External/Opq-Link/Opq-Area/Opq-As):type

4.LSA報頭中的鏈路狀態ID:LinkState ID 

5.發布或產生LSA的設備:AdvRouter 

6.Lsa老化時間,Lsa大小,Lsa序列號:age ,length,sequence

7.度量值:Metric

 

3.路由表

dis ip routing-table  protocol ospf 

[AR1]dis ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 4 Routes : 4

OSPF routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 4 Routes : 4

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

150.1.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1 D 155.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
150.1.3.3/32 OSPF 10 2 D 155.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
150.1.4.4/32 O_ASE 150 1 D 155.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
155.1.23.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 155.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0

可查看信息:

proto為協議,ospf代表OSPF自己學到的,O-ASE代表外部引入的

 

 

二.

實驗目的:

查看路由器角色

實驗步驟:

dis ospf abr-asbr

[AR1]dis ospf abr-asbr

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 155.1.12.1
Routing Table to ABR and ASBR

RtType    Destination    Area    Cost   Nexthop      Type
Intra-area   155.1.12.2    0.0.0.1    1    155.1.12.2    ABR
Inter-area   155.1.34.3    0.0.0.1    2    155.1.12.2   ASBR

可查看信息:
1.表示區域內路由器或者是區域間路由器:RtType

2.顯示ABR或者ASBR的router-id: Destination 

3.本地區域號: Area 

4.從設備到達ABR或ASBR的開銷: Cost 

5.發送報文到ABR或ASBR的下一跳IP地址:Nexthop

6.區域邊界路由器(ABR)或自治系統邊界路由器(ASBR):Type

 

 

三.

實驗目的:

驗證OSPF router-id選舉機制

  1.手動指定

  2.選擇loopback接口(選擇較大IP,是否在OSPF進程中並不重要)

  3.選擇物理接口(選擇較大IP,是否在OSPF進程中並不重要)

  *123規則,先配置會優先生效

  *router-id選舉機制不具有搶占性。修改router-id如果要生效的話需要重啟進程生效reset ospf process

  *查看router-id命令:dis ospf peer brief

實驗步驟:

第一步:因為是先在互聯口上enable的ospf,所以現在OSPF的router id 都是互聯口了

所以,先配先成為router-id

 

第二步:AR1重啟OSPF進程

<AR1>reset ospf process 

[AR1]dis ospf peer brief

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 155.1.12.1
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 155.1.12.2 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

仍然是互聯口router-id。保存配置后重啟路由器,仍然是互聯口router-id,動態選舉未驗證成功

此時手動指定router-id並重置路由進程

[AR3]ospf router-id 150.1.3.3

[AR3]dis ospf peer brief

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 150.1.3.3

所以,手動指定優於動態選舉

將lo  0口移出OSPF,查看OSPF的router id是否發生變化

[AR3-LoopBack0]undo ospf en a 0

[AR3]dis ospf peer brief

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 150.1.3.3

所以,ospf的router id與接口是否在進程中並沒有關系

將Lo 0 口地址刪除並重啟OSPF進程,查看OSPF的router id是否發生變化

[AR3-LoopBack0]undo ip add

[AR3]dis ospf peer brief

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 150.1.3.3

所以,OSPF手動指定rouer id ,這個只是作為路由器標識,只要不重復,即使不存在於這個路由器上都沒關系

 


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