WebClient調用WebService
(文末下載完整代碼)
先上代碼:
object[] inObjects = new[] { "14630, 14631" }; HttpWebClient wc = new HttpWebClient(2300); var result1 = WebServiceClientHelper.InvokeWebService("ESBService_TEST", "http://localhost/ESBService/VitalSign.svc?wsdl", "QueryVocabSet", inObjects, wc); WriteLine(result1.ToString());
public class HttpWebClient : WebClient { /// <summary> /// 初始化需要設置超時時間,以毫秒為單位 /// </summary> /// <param name="timeout">毫秒為單位</param> public HttpWebClient(int timeout) { Timeout = timeout; } public int Timeout { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 重寫 GetWebRequest,添加 WebRequest 對象超時時間 /// </summary> protected override WebRequest GetWebRequest(Uri address) { HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)base.GetWebRequest(address); request.Timeout = Timeout; request.ReadWriteTimeout = Timeout; return request; } }
HttpWebRequest 改造依據:
WebClient |
HttpWebRequest |
提供用於將數據發送到由 URI 標識的資源及從這樣的資源接收數據的常用方法。 |
public class HttpWebRequest : WebRequest, ISerializable |
Assembly location: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\System.dll |
Assembly location: C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\System.dll |
protected virtual WebRequest GetWebRequest(Uri address)
{
WebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(address); this.CopyHeadersTo(request); if (this.Credentials != null) request.Credentials = this.Credentials; if (this.m_Method != null) request.Method = this.m_Method; if (this.m_ContentLength != -1L) request.ContentLength = this.m_ContentLength; if (this.m_ProxySet) request.Proxy = this.m_Proxy; if (this.m_CachePolicy != null) request.CachePolicy = this.m_CachePolicy; return request; } protected virtual WebResponse GetWebResponse(WebRequest request) { WebResponse response = request.GetResponse(); this.m_WebResponse = response; return response; }
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public class HttpWebClient : WebClient
{
/// <summary>
/// 初始化需要設置超時時間,以毫秒為單位
/// </summary>
/// <param name="timeout">毫秒為單位</param>
public HttpWebClient(int timeout) { Timeout = timeout; } public int Timeout { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 重寫 GetWebRequest,添加 WebRequest 對象超時時間 /// </summary> protected override WebRequest GetWebRequest(Uri address) { HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)base.GetWebRequest(address); request.Timeout = Timeout; request.ReadWriteTimeout = Timeout; return request; } }
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調用服務處理:
public static object InvokeWebService(string providerName, string url, string methodName, object[] args, WebClient wc = null) { object result = null; if (wc == null) wc = new WebClient(); using (wc) { using (Stream wsdl = wc.OpenRead(url)) { var client = GetClient(wsdl, url, methodName, providerName); client.SetValue("Timeout", wsdl.ReadTimeout); result = client.InvokeService(args); } } return result; }
形如這樣 http://192.168.2.100:8090/services/dududuTest?wsdl 的地址,
返回的是 dududuTest 服務下公開的方法,以流的形式,
代碼處理里面需要解讀這種流,目前看到的一種方式是,把這個流解讀編譯成一個動態的dll,利用反射,動態調用方法。

/// <summary>為從具有 <see cref="T:System.String" /> 指定的 URI 的資源下載的數據打開一個可讀的流。</summary> /// <returns>一個 <see cref="T:System.IO.Stream" />,用於從資源讀取數據。</returns> /// <param name="address">以 <see cref="T:System.String" /> 形式指定的 URI,將從中下載數據。</param> public Stream OpenRead(string address) { if (address == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof (address)); return this.OpenRead(this.GetUri(address)); } /// <summary>為從具有 <see cref="T:System.Uri" /> 指定的 URI 的資源下載的數據打開一個可讀的流</summary> /// <returns>一個 <see cref="T:System.IO.Stream" />,用於從資源讀取數據。</returns> /// <param name="address">以 <see cref="T:System.Uri" /> 形式指定的 URI,將從中下載數據。</param> public Stream OpenRead(Uri address) { if (Logging.On) Logging.Enter(Logging.Web, (object) this, nameof (OpenRead), (object) address); if (address == (Uri) null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof (address)); WebRequest request = (WebRequest) null; this.ClearWebClientState(); try { request = this.m_WebRequest = this.GetWebRequest(this.GetUri(address)); Stream responseStream = (this.m_WebResponse = this.GetWebResponse(request)).GetResponseStream(); if (Logging.On) Logging.Exit(Logging.Web, (object) this, nameof (OpenRead), (object) responseStream); return responseStream; } catch (Exception ex) { Exception innerException = ex; if (innerException is ThreadAbortException || innerException is StackOverflowException || innerException is OutOfMemoryException) { throw; } else { if (!(innerException is WebException) && !(innerException is SecurityException)) innerException = (Exception) new WebException(SR.GetString("net_webclient"), innerException); WebClient.AbortRequest(request); throw innerException; } } finally { this.CompleteWebClientState(); } }
類 DefaultWebServiceClient 定義:

public class DefaultWebServiceClient { Type _type; MethodInfo _method; object _obj; public object InvokeService(object[] args) { object proxy = GetProxy(); return _method.Invoke(proxy, args); } public void SetValue(string fieldName, object value) { object proxy = GetProxy(); PropertyInfo field = _type.GetProperty(fieldName); if (field != null) field.SetValue(proxy, value); } public object GetProxy() { if (_obj == null) _obj = Activator.CreateInstance(_type); return _obj; } public MethodInfo MethodInfo { get { return _method; } } public DefaultWebServiceClient(Stream wsdl, string url, string methodname, string providerName) { if (wsdl == null || (wsdl.CanWrite && wsdl.Length == 0)) throw new Exception("Wsdl為空"); try { ServiceDescription sd = ServiceDescription.Read(wsdl); ServiceDescriptionImporter sdi = new ServiceDescriptionImporter(); sdi.AddServiceDescription(sd, "", ""); CodeNamespace cn = new CodeNamespace(string.Format("DefaultWebServiceClient_{0}_{1}", providerName, wsdl.GetHashCode().ToString())); DiscoveryClientProtocol dcp = new DiscoveryClientProtocol(); dcp.DiscoverAny(url); dcp.ResolveAll(); foreach (object osd in dcp.Documents.Values) { if (osd is ServiceDescription) sdi.AddServiceDescription((ServiceDescription)osd, null, null); ; if (osd is XmlSchema) sdi.Schemas.Add((XmlSchema)osd); } //生成客戶端代理類代碼 CodeCompileUnit ccu = new CodeCompileUnit(); ccu.Namespaces.Add(cn); sdi.Import(cn, ccu); CSharpCodeProvider csc = new CSharpCodeProvider(); ICodeCompiler icc = csc.CreateCompiler(); //設定編譯器的參數 CompilerParameters cplist = new CompilerParameters(); cplist.GenerateExecutable = false; cplist.GenerateInMemory = true; cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.dll"); cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.XML.dll"); cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Web.Services.dll"); cplist.ReferencedAssemblies.Add("System.Data.dll"); //編譯代理類 CompilerResults cr = icc.CompileAssemblyFromDom(cplist, ccu); if (true == cr.Errors.HasErrors) { System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); foreach (CompilerError ce in cr.Errors) { sb.Append(ce.ToString()); sb.Append(System.Environment.NewLine); } throw new Exception(sb.ToString()); } //生成代理實例,並調用方法 Assembly assembly = cr.CompiledAssembly; Type type = null; foreach (Type t in assembly.GetExportedTypes()) { if (t.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(System.Web.Services.WebServiceBindingAttribute), false).Count() > 0) { type = t; break; } } MethodInfo mi = null; if (type == null) { throw new Exception("從Wsdl中找不到可調用的類型"); } mi = type.GetMethod(methodname); if (mi == null) { throw new Exception(string.Format("從Wsdl中找不到可調用的方法{0}.{1}", type.Name, methodname)); } _type = type; _method = mi; } catch (Exception ex) { throw new Exception("創建WebService客戶端失敗!", ex); } } }
WebClient 是一個操作 WebRequest 的類型,相當於一個 worker,它把服務器能提供的內容(資源)都以流的形式返回來,供我們調用,
解讀這種流,需要 ServiceDescription 類實例,再將每項加載入 ServiceDescriptionImporter 類的實例中,
再把它編譯成能本地使用的組件,動態地調用,相當於運行時加載了一個dll。
(注:三種方法調用 webService https://www.jb51.net/article/190211.htm)
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驗證 1 |
驗證 2 |
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新建了一個webClient(服務代理), 它請求的處理對象默認是webRequest, 因為webRequest沒有TimeOut屬性,於是我繼承了webCLient,override處理對象為HttpWebRequest (注,HttpWebRequest 是 WebRequest的子類) |
新建了一個webClient, 它請求的處理對象默認是webRequest
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結果 |
在完成整個調用當中charles獲取了2次http請求,其中: 第一次:在獲取wsdl流的時候,請求包是http請求的get方式; 第二次:加載動態dll反射調用方法時,請求包是http請求的post方式; |
同左 |
證 |
webClient真的是一個代理,像一個worker,代碼上看似在本地動態引用了第三方的dll,但實際上還是http請求 |
就算不寫死類型為 HttpWebRequest,識別出來的對象仍然是HttpWebRequest 的實例,這個服務本質提供的就是 http 請求 |
待證 |
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識別為http請求應該是url的前綴是http的原因,如果是ftp://...那么識別出來就應該是ftpWebRequest |
這種 WebClient 的方式應該只適用於取 wsdl 來處理,
我嘗試直接用 HttpWebRequest 用 get 方法取 http://localhost/ESBService/VitalSign.svc?wsdl 的內容,返回了一段服務中的方法說明 xml,
而我試過直接照着第二次包的請求內容來發 HttpWebRequest,並不能成功(報錯500內部服務器出錯),可能是我入參處理不對。
WebClient 方式和直接發 HttpWebRequest 方式應該是互通的,可以互相轉換的,
不過 WebClient 使用 Httpwebrequest 的方式封裝了別的處理,某些程度上減少了程序員的工作,總歸是數據結構整合的問題,這塊就不多研究了。
WebClient封裝 HttpWebRequest 的部分內容(頭部等),它還提供了一些方法,
這里有一個示例,是異步請求,得到響應后觸發事件的適用,不過這個實例比較久遠了,2008年的:
https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/archive/blogs/silverlight_sdk/using-webclient-and-httpwebrequest
.Net當中,WebRequest 與 HttpWebRequest 區別,從名字感覺很相似,反編譯結果確實是。
由客服端構建的(不同協議的)請求發給服務器 |
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WebRequest |
FtpWebRequest |
FileWebRequest |
HttpWebRequest |
WebSocket |
抽象基類 |
繼承於WebRequest |
繼承於WebRequest |
繼承於WebRequest |
抽象基類 |
與WebResponse成對存在 |
ftp:// 開頭 |
file:// 開頭,一般是打開本機文件, 形如: file:///C:/Users/dududu/0209.pdf file://dududu/Share2021/ |
http:// 開頭 |
ws:// 開頭 wss:// |
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Websocket主要是javaScript在頁面中使用,不需要像http請求那樣等待一整個頁面文件返回,只取業務數據。 |
放一些地址給觀察觀察,感知請求和接受的運作模式,各有性格,殊途同歸:
http://192.168.8.100:9000/empId=<EmployeeId>&jobId=<JobId>
get 方式,相當於有這樣一個格式的服務地址,可以返回一個超文本內容(網頁)或者一些某種格式的數據。
(我比較好奇是服務器怎么響應網絡,光知道配置總顯得蒼白)
http://172.18.99.100:8080/yyzx/index.action?userName=<userName>&passWord=<passWord>
有些網址中這樣是等價的,應該是哪里(服務配置、架構配置等)處理到了這個邏輯:
http://192.168.29.100:8081/emr/index.php/index/emr/getemr?personid=7321446
http://192.168.29.100:8081/emr/index.php/index/emr/getemr/personid/7321446
附:點擊下載完整代碼