3.1 Djang 對 request 的處理
以本地開發為例，當瀏覽器發起一次請求時，Django 中的 wsgi 創建一個 WSGIHandler 對象處理請求。在
WSGIHandler 對象中初始化環境變量，如果沒有異常，則調用 self.get_response(request) 函數處理請求，返回 response 給 wsgi。
get_response 定義在 django.core.handlers.base.py 文件中，下面是處理流程。
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這張圖能比較好的呈現整個處理流程邏輯.
3.2 ExceptionBox
Django 的中間件支持一種 Exception 的寫法。當發生未捕獲處理的異常時，執行中間件中定義的函數 process_exception，如果返回一個 response， 那么就可以結束整個流程。
在 Django 工程中，需要一個異常處理和錯誤碼統一管理的模塊。於是便有了 ExceptionBox。
數據的返回格式：
{
'code': '404',
'message': '錯誤提示XXXX',
'result': False,
'data': None
}
代碼實例演示：
簡介
django-exceptionbox 是一個 Django 的異常處理工具包。
將 HTTP 狀態碼封裝成 Python 異常 Base 類，使用 raise 拋出異常，通過 Django 中間件，統一處理異常，打印日志。
通過繼承 base.py 中的異常類，可以實現對異常的封裝。
需要注意的是，返回的錯誤碼是類名，是一個短語。這樣處理的目的是為了前后端更易於理解和使用。
下載包之后，需要重命名為 exceptionbox。
配置
添加中間件 'exceptionbox.middleware.ExceptionBoxMiddleware' 到 settings中
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = ( 'exceptionbox.middleware.ExceptionBoxMiddleware', ... )
中間件的位置沒有特殊要求
使用
第一步
在 exceptionbox/error.py 文件，繼承 base.py 中的異常類，實現業務邏輯相關的異常類。
例如：
class ERROR_LOGIN_FRONT_PAY_NOT_MONEY(base.PreconditionFailed412): message = "沒有足夠余額"
第二步
在 views.py 文件中，拋出異常。
import exceptionbox def my_view(request): raise exceptionbox.ERROR_LOGIN_FRONT_PAY_NOT_MONEY()
接口返回
status_code = 412
{
"message": "沒有足夠余額", "code": "ERROR_LOGIN_FRONT_PAY_NOT_MONEY", "data": null, "result": false }
base.py
from abc import ABCMeta
class BaseReturn(Exception):
__metaclass__ = ABCMeta
# 1XX Informational
class Continue100(BaseReturn):
status_code = 100
class SwitchingProtocols101(BaseReturn):
status_code = 101
class Processing102(BaseReturn):
status_code = 102
# 2XX Success
class OK200(BaseReturn):
status_code = 200
class Created201(BaseReturn):
status_code = 201
class Accepted202(BaseReturn):
status_code = 202
class NonAuthoritativeInformation203(BaseReturn):
status_code = 203
class NoContent204(BaseReturn):
status_code = 204
class ResetContent205(BaseReturn):
status_code = 205
class PartialContent206(BaseReturn):
status_code = 206
class MultiStatus207(BaseReturn):
status_code = 207
class AlreadyReported208(BaseReturn):
status_code = 208
class IMUsed226(BaseReturn):
status_code = 226
# 3XX Redirection
class MultipleChoices300(BaseReturn):
status_code = 300
class MovedPermanently301(BaseReturn):
status_code = 301
class Found302(BaseReturn):
status_code = 302
class SeeOther303(BaseReturn):
status_code = 303
class NotModified304(BaseReturn):
status_code = 304
class UseProxy305(BaseReturn):
status_code = 305
class TemporaryRedirect307(BaseReturn):
status_code = 307
class PermanentRedirect308(BaseReturn):
status_code = 308
class Accepted202(BaseReturn):
status_code = 202
# 4XX Client Error
class BadRequest400(BaseReturn):
status_code = 400
class Unauthorized401(BaseReturn):
status_code = 401
class PaymentRequired402(BaseReturn):
status_code = 402
class Forbidden403(BaseReturn):
status_code = 403
class NotFound404(BaseReturn):
status_code = 404
class MethodNotAllowed405(BaseReturn):
status_code = 405
class NotAcceptable406(BaseReturn):
status_code = 406
class ProxyAuthenticationRequired407(BaseReturn):
status_code = 407
class RequestTimeout408(BaseReturn):
status_code = 408
class Conflict409(BaseReturn):
status_code = 409
class Gone410(BaseReturn):
status_code = 410
class LengthRequired411(BaseReturn):
status_code = 411
class PreconditionFailed412(BaseReturn):
status_code = 412
class PayloadTooLarge413(BaseReturn):
status_code = 413
class RequestURITooLong414(BaseReturn):
status_code = 414
class UnsupportedMediaType415(BaseReturn):
status_code = 415
class RequestedRangeNotSatisfiable416(BaseReturn):
status_code = 416
class ExpectationFailed417(BaseReturn):
status_code = 417
class IMATeapot418(BaseReturn):
status_code = 418
class MisdirectedRequest421(BaseReturn):
status_code = 421
class UnprocessableEntity422(BaseReturn):
status_code = 422
class Locked423(BaseReturn):
status_code = 423
class FailedDependency424(BaseReturn):
status_code = 424
class UpgradeRequired426(BaseReturn):
status_code = 426
class PreconditionRequired428(BaseReturn):
status_code = 428
class TooManyRequests429(BaseReturn):
status_code = 429
class PreconditionRequired428(BaseReturn):
status_code = 428
class RequestHeaderFieldsTooLarge431(BaseReturn):
status_code = 431
class ConnectionClosedWithoutResponse444(BaseReturn):
status_code = 444
class UnavailableForLegalReasons451(BaseReturn):
status_code = 451
class ClientClosedRequest499(BaseReturn):
status_code = 499
# 5XX Server Error
class InternalServerError500(BaseReturn):
status_code = 500
class NotImplemented501(BaseReturn):
status_code = 501
class BadGateway502(BaseReturn):
status_code = 502
class ServiceUnavailable503(BaseReturn):
status_code = 503
class GatewayTimeout504(BaseReturn):
status_code = 504
class HTTPVersionNotSupported505(BaseReturn):
status_code = 505
class VariantAlsoNegotiates506(BaseReturn):
status_code = 506
class InsufficientStorage507(BaseReturn):
status_code = 507
class LoopDetected508(BaseReturn):
status_code = 508
class NotExtended510(BaseReturn):
status_code = 510
class NetworkAuthenticationRequired511(BaseReturn):
status_code = 511
class NetworkConnectTimeoutError599(BaseReturn):
status_code = 599
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error.py
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from . import base
class ERROR_LOGIN_FRONT_NOT_GIFT(base.PreconditionFailed412):
message = u"禮品不充足"
class ERROR_LOGIN_FRONT_PAY_NOT_MONEY(base.PreconditionFailed412):
message = u"沒有足夠余額"
class ERROR_FAULT(base.ServiceUnavailable503):
message = u"服務器內部錯誤"
middiareware.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json
import logging
import traceback
from django.http import JsonResponse
from .base import BaseReturn
logger = logging.getLogger('root')
class ExceptionBoxMiddleware(object):
def __init__(self, get_response):
self.get_response = get_response
def __call__(self, request):
return self.get_response(request)
def process_exception(self, request, exception):
if not issubclass(exception.__class__, BaseReturn):
return None
ret_json = {
'code': exception.__class__.__name__,
'message': getattr(exception, 'message', ''),
'success': False,
'data': []
}
response = JsonResponse(ret_json)
response.status_code = getattr(exception, 'status_code', 500)
_logger = logger.error if response.status_code >= 500 else logger.warning
_logger('status_code->{status_code}, error_code->{code}, url->{url}, '
'method->{method}, param->{param}, '
'traceback->{traceback}'.format(
status_code=response.status_code, code=ret_json['code'], url=request.path,
method=request.method, param=json.dumps(getattr(request, request.method, {})),
traceback=traceback.format_exc()
))
return response
源代碼地址：middiareware原作者的代碼有bug按照我的代碼替換
https://github.com/shaowenchen/django-exceptionbox/issues