1.用途
可以處理Django的請求和響應處理過程,修改Django的輸入或輸出
2.激活選項設置
添加到Django配置文件中的MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES元組中
例如:
MIDDLEWARE = [ 'booktest.MyException.MyException', 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
3.應用下,添加一個獨立的類,實現以下方法的至少一種:
_init _:無需任何參數,服務器響應第一個請求的時候調用一次,用於確定是否啟用當前中間件
process_request(request):執行視圖之前被調用,在每個請求上調用,返回None或HttpResponse對象
process_view(request, view_func, view_args, view_kwargs):調用視圖之前被調用,在每個請求上調用,返回None或HttpResponse對象
process_template_response(request, response):在視圖剛好執行完畢之后被調用,在每個請求上調用,返回實現了render方法的響應對象
process_response(request, response):所有響應返回瀏覽器之前被調用,在每個請求上調用,返回HttpResponse對象
process_exception(request,response,exception):當視圖拋出異常時調用,在每個請求上調用,返回一個HttpResponse對象
4.示例:
#錯誤信息如下 # File "C:\python\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\wsgi.py", line 151, in __init__ # self.load_middleware() # File "C:\python\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 82, in load_middleware # mw_instance = middleware(handler) # TypeError: object() takes no parameters #出錯原始代碼: # from django.http import HttpResponse # class MyException(object): # def process_exception(request,response, exception): # return HttpResponse(exception.message) # #正確代碼1 # class MyException(object): # def __init__(self, get_response): # self.get_response = get_response # # def __call__(self, request): # return self.get_response(request) # # def process_exception(self, request, exception): # return HttpResponse(exception) #正確代碼2 from django.http import HttpResponse from django.utils.deprecation import MiddlewareMixin class MyException(MiddlewareMixin): def process_exception(self, request, exception): return HttpResponse(exception)
