1 什么是索引器?
索引器提供了一種訪問類或者結構的方法,即允許按照與數組相同的方式對類、結構或接口進行索引。
例如:Dictionary(詞典類)的賦值取值方式。
2 數字索引器
2.1 定義一個索引器類
public class University { private const int MAX = 10; private string[] names = new string[MAX]; //索引器 public string this[int index] { get { if(index >= 0 && index < MAX) { return names[index]; } return null; } set { if (index >= 0 && index < MAX) { names[index] = value; } } } }
2.2 使用這個索引器類
University u = new University(); u[0] = "測試大學0"; u[1] = "測試大學1"; u[2] = "測試大學2"; System.Console.WriteLine(u[0]); System.Console.WriteLine(u[1]); System.Console.WriteLine(u[2]);
2.3 話白
是不是很像Dictionary(詞典類)的賦值取值方式了?但這只能用數字來索引;
3 字符串索引器
3.1 定義一個索引器類
public class MySimpleDictionary { private List<KeyValueEntity> keyValueEntitys = new List<KeyValueEntity>(); //索引器 public object this[string key] { get { foreach(KeyValueEntity keyValueEntity in keyValueEntitys) { if (keyValueEntity.key == key) { return keyValueEntity.value; } } return null; } set { foreach (KeyValueEntity keyValueEntity in keyValueEntitys) { if (keyValueEntity.key == key) { keyValueEntity.value = value; //短路 return; } } KeyValueEntity newKeyValueEntity = new KeyValueEntity(); newKeyValueEntity.key = key; newKeyValueEntity.value = value; keyValueEntitys.Add(newKeyValueEntity); } } } public class KeyValueEntity { public string key { set; get; } public object value { set; get; } }
3.2 使用這個索引器類
MySimpleDictionary mydic = new MySimpleDictionary(); mydic["testKey0"] = "testValue0"; mydic["testKey1"] = "testValue1"; mydic["testKey2"] = "testValue2"; System.Console.WriteLine(mydic["testKey0"]); System.Console.WriteLine(mydic["testKey1"]); System.Console.WriteLine(mydic["testKey2"]);
3.3 話白
是不是更像Dictionary(詞典類)的賦值取值方式了?但這只能用字符串來索引;
接下來,我們在此基礎上改造一個泛型的;
4 泛型索引器
4.1 定義一個索引器類
public class MySimpleDictionary<T, U> { private List<KeyValueEntity<T, U>> keyValueEntitys = new List<KeyValueEntity<T, U>>(); //索引器 public U this[T key] { get { foreach (KeyValueEntity<T, U> keyValueEntity in keyValueEntitys) { if (keyValueEntity.key.Equals(key)) { return keyValueEntity.value; } } return default(U); } set { foreach (KeyValueEntity<T, U> keyValueEntity in keyValueEntitys) { if (keyValueEntity.key.Equals(key)) { keyValueEntity.value = value; //短路 return; } } KeyValueEntity<T, U> newKeyValueEntity = new KeyValueEntity<T, U>(); newKeyValueEntity.key = key; newKeyValueEntity.value = value; keyValueEntitys.Add(newKeyValueEntity); } } } public class KeyValueEntity<T, U> { public T key { set; get; } public U value { set; get; } }
4.2 使用這個索引器類
MySimpleDictionary<string, string> dic = new MySimpleDictionary<string, string>(); dic["testKey0"] = "testValue0"; dic["testKey1"] = "testValue1"; dic["testKey2"] = "testValue2"; System.Console.WriteLine(dic["testKey0"]); System.Console.WriteLine(dic["testKey1"]); System.Console.WriteLine(dic["testKey2"]);
4.3 白話
到這里為止,我寫的這個【簡化版的Dictionary】跟【.net框架的Dictionary】相比還有一點較大的不同,如下:
1)數據結構算法不同
我寫的詞典類,是簡單的鍵值對列表;
框架的詞典類,是動態擴展的數組+hash沖突解決算法,有興趣的同學去看源碼,畢竟我這篇博客主要講的是索引器;
5 組合索引器
5.1 定義一個索引器類
public class MySimpleDictionary { private List<GroupKeyValueEntity> keyValueEntitys = new List<GroupKeyValueEntity>(); //索引器 public object this[string group, string key] { get { foreach (GroupKeyValueEntity keyValueEntity in keyValueEntitys) { if (keyValueEntity.group == group && keyValueEntity.key == key) { return keyValueEntity.value; } } return null; } set { foreach (GroupKeyValueEntity keyValueEntity in keyValueEntitys) { if (keyValueEntity.group == group && keyValueEntity.key == key) { keyValueEntity.value = value; //短路 return; } } GroupKeyValueEntity newKeyValueEntity = new GroupKeyValueEntity(); newKeyValueEntity.group = group; newKeyValueEntity.key = key; newKeyValueEntity.value = value; keyValueEntitys.Add(newKeyValueEntity); } } } public class GroupKeyValueEntity { public string group { set; get; } public string key { set; get; } public object value { set; get; } }
5.2 使用這個索引器類
MySimpleDictionary dic = new MySimpleDictionary(); dic["group0", "key0"] = "value0"; dic["group0", "key1"] = "value1"; dic["group0", "key2"] = "value2"; dic["group1", "key0"] = "value3"; dic["group1", "key1"] = "value4"; dic["group1", "key2"] = "value5"; System.Console.WriteLine(dic["group0", "key0"]); System.Console.WriteLine(dic["group0", "key1"]); System.Console.WriteLine(dic["group0", "key2"]); System.Console.WriteLine(dic["group1", "key0"]); System.Console.WriteLine(dic["group1", "key1"]); System.Console.WriteLine(dic["group1", "key2"]);
5.3 白話
組合索引器不常用,對應的泛型就不在這里贅述了,有興趣的同學不妨自己改造一下,畢竟泛型的用法還是很簡單滴。。。