python中判斷變量的類型

python中判斷變量的類型

本文轉載自：https://www.cnblogs.com/xmnote/p/9334743.html

本人只是為了方便記錄查看，進行轉載的；需要查看詳細文章可查看原鏈接。

python的數據類型有：數字(int)、浮點(float)、字符串(str)，列表(list)、元組(tuple)、字典(dict)、集合(set)

一般通過以下方法進行判斷：

1、isinstance(參數1,參數2)

描述：該函數用來判斷一個變量（參數1）是否是已知的變量類型(參數2) 類似於type()

參數1：變量

參數2：可以是直接或間接類名、基本類型或者由它們組成的元組。

返回值: 如果對象的類型與參數二的類型（classinfo）相同則返回 True，否則返回 False

例子:

def typeof(variate):
    cur_type = None
    if isinstance(variate, int):
        cur_type = "int"
    elif isinstance(variate, str):
        cur_type = "str"
    elif isinstance(variate, float):
        cur_type = "float"
    elif isinstance(variate, list):
        cur_type = "list"
    elif isinstance(variate, tuple):
        cur_type = "tuple"
    elif isinstance(variate, dict):
        cur_type = "dict"
    elif isinstance(variate, set):
        cur_type = "set"

    return cur_type


# 返回變量類型
def getType(variate):
    arr = {"int": "整數", "float": "浮點", "str": "字符串", "list": "列表", "tuple": "元組", "dict": "字典", "set": "集合"}
    var_type = typeof(variate)
    if not (var_type in arr):
        return "未知類型"
    return arr[var_type]

    # 判斷變量是否為整數


money = 120
print("{0}是{1}".format(money, getType(money)))
# 判斷變量是否為字符串
money = "120"
print("{0}是{1}".format(money, getType(money)))
money = 12.3
print("{0}是{1}".format(money, getType(money)))
# 判斷變量是否為列表
students = ['studentA']
print("{0}是{1}".format(students, getType(students)))
# 判斷變量是否為元組
students = ('studentA', 'studentB')
print("{0}是{1}".format(students, getType(students)))
# 判斷變量是否為字典
cur_dict = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
print("{0}是{1}".format(cur_dict, getType(cur_dict)))
# 判斷變量是否為集合
apple = {"apple1", "apple2"}
print("{0}是{1}".format(apple, getType(apple)))

返回:

2、通過與已知類型的常量進行比較

例子：

# 判斷變量類型的函數
def typeof(variate):
    type1 = ''
    if type(variate) == type(1):
        type1 = "int"
    elif type(variate) == type("str"):
        type1 = "str"
    elif type(variate) == type(12.3):
        type1 = "float"

    elif type(variate) == type([1]):
        type1 = "list"
    elif type(variate) == type(()):
        type1 = "tuple"
    elif type(variate) == type({"key1": "123"}):
        type1 = "dict"
    elif type(variate) == type({"key1"}):
        type1 = "set"
    return type1


# 返回變量類型
def getType(variate):
    arr = {"int": "整數", "float": "浮點", "str": "字符串", "list": "列表", "tuple": "元組", "dict": "字典", "set": "集合"}
    cur_type = typeof(variate)
    if not (cur_type in arr):
        return "未知類型"
    return arr[cur_type]


# 判斷變量是否為整數
money = 120
print("{0}是{1}".format(money, getType(money)))
# 判斷變量是否為字符串
money = "120"
print("{0}是{1}".format(money, getType(money)))
money = 12.3
print("{0}是{1}".format(money, getType(money)))
# 判斷變量是否為列表
students = ['studentA']
print("{0}是{1}".format(students, getType(students)))
# 判斷變量是否為元組
students = ('studentA', 'studentB')
print("{0}是{1}".format(students, getType(students)))
# 判斷變量是否為字典
cur_dict = {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
print("{0}是{1}".format(cur_dict, getType(cur_dict)))
# 判斷變量是否為集合
apple = {"apple1", "apple2"}
print("{0}是{1}".format(apple, getType(apple)))

返回:

補充:　

isinstance() 與 type() 區別：

• • type() 不會認為子類是一種父類類型，不考慮繼承關系。
  • isinstance() 會認為子類是一種父類類型，考慮繼承關系。

如果要判斷兩個類型是否相同推薦使用 isinstance()。