python的數據類型有:數字(int)、浮點(float)、字符串(str),列表(list)、元組(tuple)、字典(dict)、集合(set)
一般通過以下方法進行判斷:
1、isinstance(參數1,參數2)
描述:該函數用來判斷一個變量(參數1)是否是已知的變量類型(參數2) 類似於type()
參數1:變量
參數2:可以是直接或間接類名、基本類型或者由它們組成的元組。
返回值: 如果對象的類型與參數二的類型(classinfo)相同則返回 True,否則返回 False
例子:
1 #判斷變量類型的函數 2 def typeof(variate): 3 type=None 4 if isinstance(variate,int): 5 type = "int" 6 elif isinstance(variate,str): 7 type = "str" 8 elif isinstance(variate,float): 9 type = "float" 10 elif isinstance(variate,list): 11 type = "list" 12 elif isinstance(variate,tuple): 13 type = "tuple" 14 elif isinstance(variate,dict): 15 type = "dict" 16 elif isinstance(variate,set): 17 type = "set" 18 return type 19 # 返回變量類型 20 def getType(variate): 21 arr = {"int":"整數","float":"浮點","str":"字符串","list":"列表","tuple":"元組","dict":"字典","set":"集合"} 22 vartype = typeof(variate) 23 if not (vartype in arr): 24 return "未知類型" 25 return arr[vartype] 26 27 #判斷變量是否為整數 28 money=120 29 print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money))) 30 #判斷變量是否為字符串 31 money="120" 32 print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money))) 33 money=12.3 34 print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money))) 35 #判斷變量是否為列表 36 students=['studentA'] 37 print("{0}是{1}".format(students,getType(students))) 38 #判斷變量是否為元組 39 students=('studentA','studentB') 40 print("{0}是{1}".format(students,getType(students))) 41 #判斷變量是否為字典 42 dictory={"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"} 43 print("{0}是{1}".format(dictory,getType(dictory))) 44 #判斷變量是否為集合 45 apple={"apple1","apple2"}
46 print("{0}是{1}".format(apple,getType(apple)))
返回:
2、通過與已知類型的常量進行比較
例子:
1 #判斷變量類型的函數 2 def typeof(variate): 3 type1 = "" 4 if type(variate) == type(1): 5 type1 = "int" 6 elif type(variate) == type("str"): 7 type1 = "str" 8 elif type(variate) == type(12.3): 9 type1 = "float" 10 elif type(variate) == type([1]): 11 type1 = "list" 12 elif type(variate) == type(()): 13 type1 = "tuple" 14 elif type(variate) == type({"key1":"123"}): 15 type1 = "dict" 16 elif type(variate) == type({"key1"}): 17 type1 = "set" 18 return type1 19 # 返回變量類型 20 def getType(variate): 21 arr = {"int":"整數","float":"浮點","str":"字符串","list":"列表","tuple":"元組","dict":"字典","set":"集合"} 22 vartype = typeof(variate) 23 if not (vartype in arr): 24 return "未知類型" 25 return arr[vartype] 26 27 #判斷變量是否為整數 28 money=120 29 print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money))) 30 #判斷變量是否為字符串 31 money="120" 32 print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money))) 33 money=12.3 34 print("{0}是{1}".format(money,getType(money))) 35 #判斷變量是否為列表 36 students=['studentA'] 37 print("{0}是{1}".format(students,getType(students))) 38 #判斷變量是否為元組 39 students=('studentA','studentB') 40 print("{0}是{1}".format(students,getType(students))) 41 #判斷變量是否為字典 42 dictory={"key1":"value1","key2":"value2"} 43 print("{0}是{1}".format(dictory,getType(dictory))) 44 #判斷變量是否為集合 45 apple={"apple1","apple2"} 46 print("{0}是{1}".format(apple,getType(apple)))
返回:
補充:
isinstance() 與 type() 區別:
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type() 不會認為子類是一種父類類型,不考慮繼承關系。
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isinstance() 會認為子類是一種父類類型,考慮繼承關系。
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如果要判斷兩個類型是否相同推薦使用 isinstance()。