unix domain socket
unix domain socket 是在socket架構上發展起來的用於同一台主機的進程間通訊(IPC: Inter-Process Communication),它不需要經過網絡協議棧,不需要打包拆包、計算校驗和、維護序號和應答等,只是將應用層數據從一個進程拷貝到另一個進程。UNIX Domain Socket有SOCK_DGRAM或SOCK_STREAM兩種工作模式,類似於UDP和TCP,但是面向消息的UNIX Domain Socket也是可靠的,消息既不會丟失也不會順序錯亂。
UNIX Domain Socket可用於兩個沒有親緣關系的進程,是全雙工的,是目前使用最廣泛的IPC機制,比如X Window服務器和GUI程序之間就是通過UNIX Domain Socket通訊的。
UNIX Domain socket與網絡socket類似,可以與網絡socket對比應用。
上述二者編程的不同如下:
- address family為AF_UNIX
- 因為應用於IPC,所以UNIXDomain socket不需要IP和端口,取而代之的是文件路徑來表示“網絡地址”。這點體現在下面兩個方面。
- 地址格式不同,UNIXDomain socket用結構體sockaddr_un表示,是一個socket類型的文件在文件系統中的路徑,這個socket文件由bind()調用創建,如果調用bind()時該文件已存在,則bind()錯誤返回。
- UNIX Domain Socket客戶端一般要顯式調用bind函數,而不象網絡socket一樣依賴系統自動分配的地址。客戶端bind的socket文件名可以包含客戶端的pid,這樣服務器就可以區分不同的客戶端。
下面用python代碼演示uds的使用
Python代碼演示
服務端
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on 12/11/17 11:55 AM
@author: Chen Liang
@function: socket_echo_server_uds
"""
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
import socket
import os
server_address = './uds_socket'
# Make sure the socket does not already exist
try:
os.unlink(server_address)
except OSError:
if os.path.exists(server_address):
raise
# Create a UDS socket
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# Bind the socket to the address
print('starting up on {}'.format(server_address))
sock.bind(server_address)
# Listen for incoming connections
sock.listen(1)
while True:
# Wait for a connection
print('waiting for a connection')
connection, client_address = sock.accept()
try:
print('connection from', client_address)
# Receive the data in small chunks and retransmit it
while True:
data = connection.recv(16)
print('received {!r}'.format(data))
if data:
print('sending data back to the client')
connection.sendall(data)
else:
print('no data from', client_address)
break
finally:
# Clean up the connection
connection.close()
客戶端
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on 12/11/17 11:55 AM
@author: Chen Liang
@function: socket_echo_client_uds
"""
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
import socket
import sys
# Create a UDS socket
sock = socket.socket(family=socket.AF_UNIX, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM)
# Connect the socket to the port where the server is listening
server_address = './uds_socket'
print('connecting to {}'.format(server_address))
try:
sock.connect(server_address)
except socket.error as msg:
print(msg)
sys.exit(1)
try:
# Send data
message = b'This is the message. It will be repeated.'
print('sending {!r}'.format(message))
sock.sendall(message)
amount_received = 0
amount_expected = len(message)
while amount_received < amount_expected:
data = sock.recv(16)
amount_received += len(data)
print('received {!r}'.format(data))
finally:
print('closing socket')
sock.close()
客戶端一次發送,服務端分批返回。
服務端輸出結果如下
root@ubuntu:~/PycharmProjects/python_scripts# python socket_echo_server_uds.py
starting up on ./uds_socket
waiting for a connection
('connection from', '')
received 'This is the mess'
sending data back to the client
received 'age. It will be'
sending data back to the client
received ' repeated.'
sending data back to the client
received ''
('no data from', '')
waiting for a connection
客戶端輸出結果如下
root@ubuntu:~/PycharmProjects/python_scripts# python socket_echo_client_uds.py
connecting to ./uds_socket
sending 'This is the message. It will be repeated.'
received 'This is the mess'
received 'age. It will be'
received ' repeated.'
closing socket
查看套接字文件的類型如下
root@ubuntu:~/PycharmProjects/python_scripts# ls -l ./uds_socket
srwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Dec 11 13:45 ./uds_socket
可見uds文件是socket類型。具體的linux文件類型有以下幾種:
Linux的文件類型有以下幾種:
文件類型 | ls -l 顯示 |
---|---|
普通文件 | - |
目錄 | d |
符號鏈接 | l |
字符設備 | c |
塊設備 | b |
套接字 | s |
命名管道 | p |
參考:
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