引言:
接上一篇文章,對@RequestMapping進行地址映射講解之后,該篇主要講解request 數據到handler method 參數數據的綁定所用到的注解和什么情形下使用;
簡介:
handler method 參數綁定常用的注解,我們根據他們處理的Request的不同內容部分分為四類:(主要講解常用類型)
A、處理requet uri 部分(這里指uri template中variable,不含queryString部分)的注解: @PathVariable;
B、處理request header部分的注解: @RequestHeader, @CookieValue;
C、處理request body部分的注解:@RequestParam, @RequestBody;
D、處理attribute類型是注解: @SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute;
1、 @PathVariable
當使用@RequestMapping URI template 樣式映射時, 即 someUrl/{paramId}, 這時的paramId可通過 @Pathvariable注解綁定它傳過來的值到方法的參數上。
示例代碼:
-
@Controller
-
@RequestMapping(
"/owners/{ownerId}")
-
public
class RelativePathUriTemplateController {
-
-
@RequestMapping(
"/pets/{petId}")
-
public void findPet(@PathVariable String ownerId, @PathVariable String petId, Model model) {
-
// implementation omitted
-
}
-
}
上面代碼把URI template 中變量 ownerId的值和petId的值,綁定到方法的參數上。若方法參數名稱和需要綁定的uri template中變量名稱不一致,需要在@PathVariable("name")指定uri template中的名稱。
2、 @RequestHeader、@CookieValue
@RequestHeader 注解,可以把Request請求header部分的值綁定到方法的參數上。
示例代碼:
這是一個Request 的header部分:
Host localhost:8080
Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9
Accept-Language fr,en-gb;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset ISO-8859-1,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive 300
-
@RequestMapping(
"/displayHeaderInfo.do")
-
public void displayHeaderInfo(@RequestHeader("Accept-Encoding") String encoding,
-
@RequestHeader("Keep-Alive") long keepAlive) {
-
-
//...
-
-
}
上面的代碼,把request header部分的 Accept-Encoding的值,綁定到參數encoding上了, Keep-Alive header的值綁定到參數keepAlive上。
@CookieValue 可以把Request header中關於cookie的值綁定到方法的參數上。
例如有如下Cookie值:
JSESSIONID=415A4AC178C59DACE0B2C9CA727CDD84
參數綁定的代碼:
-
@RequestMapping(
"/displayHeaderInfo.do")
-
public void displayHeaderInfo(@CookieValue("JSESSIONID") String cookie) {
-
-
//...
-
-
}
即把JSESSIONID的值綁定到參數cookie上。
3、@RequestParam, @RequestBody
@RequestParam
A) 常用來處理簡單類型的綁定,通過Request.getParameter() 獲取的String可直接轉換為簡單類型的情況( String--> 簡單類型的轉換操作由ConversionService配置的轉換器來完成);因為使用request.getParameter()方式獲取參數,所以可以處理get 方式中queryString的值,也可以處理post方式中 body data的值;
B)用來處理Content-Type: 為 application/x-www-form-urlencoded
編碼的內容,提交方式GET、POST;
C) 該注解有兩個屬性: value、required; value用來指定要傳入值的id名稱,required用來指示參數是否必須綁定;
示例代碼:
-
@Controller
-
@RequestMapping(
"/pets")
-
@SessionAttributes(
"pet")
-
public
class EditPetForm {
-
-
// ...
-
-
@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET)
-
public String setupForm(@RequestParam("petId") int petId, ModelMap model) {
-
Pet pet =
this.clinic.loadPet(petId);
-
model.addAttribute(
"pet", pet);
-
return
"petForm";
-
}
-
-
// ...
@RequestBody
該注解常用來處理Content-Type: 不是application/x-www-form-urlencoded
編碼的內容,例如application/json, application/xml等;
它是通過使用HandlerAdapter 配置的HttpMessageConverters
來解析post data body,然后綁定到相應的bean上的。
因為配置有FormHttpMessageConverter,所以也可以用來處理 application/x-www-form-urlencoded
的內容,處理完的結果放在一個MultiValueMap<String, String>里,這種情況在某些特殊需求下使用,詳情查看FormHttpMessageConverter api;
示例代碼:
-
@RequestMapping(value =
"/something", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
-
public void handle(@RequestBody String body, Writer writer) throws IOException {
-
writer.write(body);
-
}
4、@SessionAttributes, @ModelAttribute
@SessionAttributes:
該注解用來綁定HttpSession中的attribute對象的值,便於在方法中的參數里使用。
該注解有value、types兩個屬性,可以通過名字和類型指定要使用的attribute 對象;
示例代碼:
-
@Controller
-
@RequestMapping(
"/editPet.do")
-
@SessionAttributes(
"pet")
-
public
class EditPetForm {
-
// ...
-
}
@ModelAttribute
該注解有兩個用法,一個是用於方法上,一個是用於參數上;
用於方法上時: 通常用來在處理@RequestMapping之前,為請求綁定需要從后台查詢的model;
用於參數上時: 用來通過名稱對應,把相應名稱的值綁定到注解的參數bean上;要綁定的值來源於:
A) @SessionAttributes 啟用的attribute 對象上;
B) @ModelAttribute 用於方法上時指定的model對象;
C) 上述兩種情況都沒有時,new一個需要綁定的bean對象,然后把request中按名稱對應的方式把值綁定到bean中。
用到方法上@ModelAttribute的示例代碼:
-
// Add one attribute
-
// The return value of the method is added to the model under the name "account"
-
// You can customize the name via @ModelAttribute("myAccount")
-
-
@ModelAttribute
-
public Account addAccount(@RequestParam String number) {
-
return accountManager.findAccount(number);
-
}
這種方式實際的效果就是在調用@RequestMapping的方法之前,為request對象的model里put(“account”, Account);
用在參數上的@ModelAttribute示例代碼:
-
@RequestMapping(value=
"/owners/{ownerId}/pets/{petId}/edit", method = RequestMethod.POST)
-
public String processSubmit(@ModelAttribute Pet pet) {
-
-
}
首先查詢 @SessionAttributes有無綁定的Pet對象,若沒有則查詢@ModelAttribute方法層面上是否綁定了Pet對象,若沒有則將URI template中的值按對應的名稱綁定到Pet對象的各屬性上。
補充講解:
問題: 在不給定注解的情況下,參數是怎樣綁定的?
通過分析AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter和RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的源代碼發現,方法的參數在不給定參數的情況下:
若要綁定的對象時簡單類型: 調用@RequestParam來處理的。
若要綁定的對象時復雜類型: 調用@ModelAttribute來處理的。
這里的簡單類型指java的原始類型(boolean, int 等)、原始類型對象(Boolean, Int等)、String、Date等ConversionService里可以直接String轉換成目標對象的類型;
下面貼出AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter中綁定參數的部分源代碼:
-
private Object[] resolveHandlerArguments(Method handlerMethod, Object handler,
-
NativeWebRequest webRequest, ExtendedModelMap implicitModel)
throws Exception {
-
-
Class[] paramTypes = handlerMethod.getParameterTypes();
-
Object[] args =
new Object[paramTypes.length];
-
-
for (
int i =
0; i < args.length; i++) {
-
MethodParameter methodParam =
new MethodParameter(handlerMethod, i);
-
methodParam.initParameterNameDiscovery(
this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
-
GenericTypeResolver.resolveParameterType(methodParam, handler.getClass());
-
String paramName =
null;
-
String headerName =
null;
-
boolean requestBodyFound =
false;
-
String cookieName =
null;
-
String pathVarName =
null;
-
String attrName =
null;
-
boolean required =
false;
-
String defaultValue =
null;
-
boolean validate =
false;
-
Object[] validationHints =
null;
-
int annotationsFound =
0;
-
Annotation[] paramAnns = methodParam.getParameterAnnotations();
-
-
for (Annotation paramAnn : paramAnns) {
-
if (RequestParam.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
-
RequestParam requestParam = (RequestParam) paramAnn;
-
paramName = requestParam.value();
-
required = requestParam.required();
-
defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestParam.defaultValue());
-
annotationsFound++;
-
}
-
else
if (RequestHeader.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
-
RequestHeader requestHeader = (RequestHeader) paramAnn;
-
headerName = requestHeader.value();
-
required = requestHeader.required();
-
defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(requestHeader.defaultValue());
-
annotationsFound++;
-
}
-
else
if (RequestBody.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
-
requestBodyFound =
true;
-
annotationsFound++;
-
}
-
else
if (CookieValue.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
-
CookieValue cookieValue = (CookieValue) paramAnn;
-
cookieName = cookieValue.value();
-
required = cookieValue.required();
-
defaultValue = parseDefaultValueAttribute(cookieValue.defaultValue());
-
annotationsFound++;
-
}
-
else
if (PathVariable.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
-
PathVariable pathVar = (PathVariable) paramAnn;
-
pathVarName = pathVar.value();
-
annotationsFound++;
-
}
-
else
if (ModelAttribute.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
-
ModelAttribute attr = (ModelAttribute) paramAnn;
-
attrName = attr.value();
-
annotationsFound++;
-
}
-
else
if (Value.class.isInstance(paramAnn)) {
-
defaultValue = ((Value) paramAnn).value();
-
}
-
else
if (paramAnn.annotationType().getSimpleName().startsWith(
"Valid")) {
-
validate =
true;
-
Object value = AnnotationUtils.getValue(paramAnn);
-
validationHints = (value
instanceof Object[] ? (Object[]) value :
new Object[] {value});
-
}
-
}
-
-
if (annotationsFound >
1) {
-
throw
new IllegalStateException(
"Handler parameter annotations are exclusive choices - " +
-
"do not specify more than one such annotation on the same parameter: " + handlerMethod);
-
}
-
-
if (annotationsFound ==
0) {
// 若沒有發現注解
-
Object argValue = resolveCommonArgument(methodParam, webRequest);
//判斷WebRquest是否可賦值給參數
-
if (argValue != WebArgumentResolver.UNRESOLVED) {
-
args[i] = argValue;
-
}
-
else
if (defaultValue !=
null) {
-
args[i] = resolveDefaultValue(defaultValue);
-
}
-
else {
-
Class<?> paramType = methodParam.getParameterType();
-
if (Model.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) || Map.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
-
if (!paramType.isAssignableFrom(implicitModel.getClass())) {
-
throw
new IllegalStateException(
"Argument [" + paramType.getSimpleName() +
"] is of type " +
-
"Model or Map but is not assignable from the actual model. You may need to switch " +
-
"newer MVC infrastructure classes to use this argument.");
-
}
-
args[i] = implicitModel;
-
}
-
else
if (SessionStatus.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
-
args[i] =
this.sessionStatus;
-
}
-
else
if (HttpEntity.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
-
args[i] = resolveHttpEntityRequest(methodParam, webRequest);
-
}
-
else
if (Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
-
throw
new IllegalStateException(
"Errors/BindingResult argument declared " +
-
"without preceding model attribute. Check your handler method signature!");
-
}
-
else
if (BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(paramType)) {
// 判斷是否參數類型是否是簡單類型,若是在使用@RequestParam方式來處理,否則使用@ModelAttribute方式處理
-
paramName =
"";
-
}
-
else {
-
attrName =
"";
-
}
-
}
-
}
-
-
if (paramName !=
null) {
-
args[i] = resolveRequestParam(paramName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
-
}
-
else
if (headerName !=
null) {
-
args[i] = resolveRequestHeader(headerName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
-
}
-
else
if (requestBodyFound) {
-
args[i] = resolveRequestBody(methodParam, webRequest, handler);
-
}
-
else
if (cookieName !=
null) {
-
args[i] = resolveCookieValue(cookieName, required, defaultValue, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
-
}
-
else
if (pathVarName !=
null) {
-
args[i] = resolvePathVariable(pathVarName, methodParam, webRequest, handler);
-
}
-
else
if (attrName !=
null) {
-
WebDataBinder binder =
-
resolveModelAttribute(attrName, methodParam, implicitModel, webRequest, handler);
-
boolean assignBindingResult = (args.length > i +
1 && Errors.class.isAssignableFrom(paramTypes[i +
1]));
-
if (binder.getTarget() !=
null) {
-
doBind(binder, webRequest, validate, validationHints, !assignBindingResult);
-
}
-
args[i] = binder.getTarget();
-
if (assignBindingResult) {
-
args[i +
1] = binder.getBindingResult();
-
i++;
-
}
-
implicitModel.putAll(binder.getBindingResult().getModel());
-
}
-
}
-
-
return args;
-
}
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter中使用的參數綁定,代碼稍微有些不同,有興趣的同仁可以分析下,最后處理的結果都是一樣的。
示例:
-
@RequestMapping ({
"/",
"/home"})
-
public String showHomePage(String key){
-
-
logger.debug(
"key="+key);
-
-
return
"home";
-
}
這種情況下,就調用默認的@RequestParam來處理。
-
@RequestMapping (method = RequestMethod.POST)
-
public String doRegister(User user){
-
if(logger.isDebugEnabled()){
-
logger.debug(
"process url[/user], method[post] in "+getClass());
-
logger.debug(user);
-
}
-
-
return
"user";
-
}
這種情況下,就調用@ModelAttribute來處理。
參考文檔:
1、 Spring Web Doc:
spring-3.1.0/docs/spring-framework-reference/html/mvc.html