SDN LAB3 — Ryu train

https://medium.com/@kweisamx0322/sdn-lab3-ryu-train-f8fe13b03548

OpenFlow協議的SDN控制器通過LLDP（Link Layer Discovery Protocol,鏈路發現協議）協議進行鏈路發現，並根據收集的鏈路信息來識別網絡結構，生成網絡拓撲。

LLDP協議
LLDP協議為二層協議，通過在本地子網中通告自己的設備標識以及相關接口信息來實現鏈路發現的功能，其基於Ethernet II格式封裝的幀格式如下：

DMAC：目的MAC地址，為固定組播地址，0x0180-C200-000E

SMAC：源MAC地址，為端口MAC或設備MAC地址

Ether_Type:以太網類型，為0x88CC

Classis_ID TLV:用於描述設備信息

Port_ID TLV:用於描述發送的端口信息

TTL TLV:用於描述生存時間信息

END of LLDPDU TLV作為LLDPDU結尾

FCS：為幀校驗序列

ryu.controller.handler.HANDSHAKE_DISPATCHER: 交換hello消息
ryu.controller.handler.CONFIG_DISPATCHER: openflow 版本協商，傳送 SwitchFeatures 消息
ryu.controller.handler.MAIN_DISPATCHER: 接收 SwitchFeatures 消息，傳送
 set-config message
ryu.controller.handler.DEAD_DISPATCHER: 連線中斷

    # Send the lldp packet
    def send_lldp_packet(self, datapath, port, hw_addr, ttl):
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        pkt = packet.Packet()
        pkt.add_protocol(ethernet.ethernet(ethertype=ether_types.ETH_TYPE_LLDP,src=hw_addr ,dst=lldp.LLDP_MAC_NEAREST_BRIDGE))

        chassis_id = lldp.ChassisID(subtype=lldp.ChassisID.SUB_LOCALLY_ASSIGNED, chassis_id=str(datapath.id).encode('utf-8'))
        #port_id = lldp.PortID(subtype=lldp.PortID.SUB_LOCALLY_ASSIGNED, port_id=str(port))
        port_id = lldp.PortID(subtype=lldp.PortID.SUB_LOCALLY_ASSIGNED, port_id=str(port).encode('utf-8'))
        #port_id = lldp.PortID(subtype=lldp.PortID.SUB_LOCALLY_ASSIGNED, port_id=b'1/3')
        ttl = lldp.TTL(ttl=1)
        end = lldp.End()
        tlvs = (chassis_id,port_id,ttl,end)
        pkt.add_protocol(lldp.lldp(tlvs))
        pkt.serialize()
        self.logger.info("packet-out %s" % pkt)
        data = pkt.data
        actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(port=port)]
        out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(datapath=datapath,
                                  buffer_id=ofproto.OFP_NO_BUFFER,
                                  in_port=ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER,
                                  actions=actions,
                                  data=data)
        datapath.send_msg(out)

@set_ev_cls(EventOFPSwitchFeatures, CONFIG_DISPATCHER)
    def switch_features_handler(self, ev):
        """Handle switch features reply to install table miss flow entries."""
        datapath = ev.msg.datapath
        self._register(datapath)
        self.install_table_miss(datapath, 0)

    def install_table_miss(self, datapath, table_id):
    """Create and install table miss flow entries."""
        parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        match = parser.OFPMatch()
        match.set_dl_type(ETH_TYPE_LLDP)
        output = parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER,
                                        self.LLDP_PACKET_LEN)
        write = parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofproto.OFPIT_WRITE_ACTIONS,
                                             [output])
        instructions = [write]
        flow_mod = self.create_flow_mod(datapath, 0, table_id,
                                        match, instructions)
        datapath.send_msg(flow_mod)
        self.send_barrier_request(datapath)

  @set_ev_cls(EventOFPBarrierReply, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def barrier_reply_handler(self, ev):
        msg = ev.msg
        datapath = msg.datapath
        self.send_port_desc_stats_request(datapath)
    def send_lldp_packet(self, datapath, port_no, dl_addr):
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
        lldp_data = LLDPPacket.lldp_packet(datapath.id,
                        port_no,
                        dl_addr,
                        self.DEFAULT_TTL)
        output_port = parser.OFPActionOutput(port_no,
                                            ofproto.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER)
        packet_out = parser.OFPPacketOut(datapath, ofproto.OFPP_ANY,
                                          ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER,
                                          [output_port], lldp_data)
        datapath.send_msg(packet_out)

    @set_ev_cls(EventOFPPortDescStatsReply, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def port_desc_stats_reply_handler(self, ev):
        msg = ev.msg
        datapath = msg.datapath
        self.show_port_desc(msg.body, datapath)

    def show_port_desc(self, body, datapath):
        self.port_state[datapath.id] = PortState()
        for p in body:
            self.port_state[datapath.id].add(p.port_no, p)
            self.send_lldp_packet(datapath, p.port_no, haddr_to_str(p.hw_addr))
            port = self._get_port(datapath.id, p.port_no)
            if port and not port.is_reserved():
                self._port_added(port)
                self.lldp_event.set()

    def send_port_desc_stats_request(self, datapath):
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
        req = ofp_parser.OFPPortDescStatsRequest(datapath, 0)
        datapath.send_msg(req)

from ryu.base import app_manager
from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_3
from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls
from ryu.controller import ofp_event
from ryu.controller.handler import CONFIG_DISPATCHER, MAIN_DISPATCHER
from ryu.lib.packet import ether_types,lldp,packet,ethernet


class MySwitch(app_manager.RyuApp):
    OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_3.OFP_VERSION]
    link = []

    def __init__(self, *args,**kwargs):
        super(MySwitch,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
        self.mac_to_port = {} # Mac address is defined
    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPSwitchFeatures,CONFIG_DISPATCHER)
    def switch_features_handler(self, ev):
        datapath = ev.msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        #set if packet is lldp, send to controller
        actions = [parser.OFPActionOutput(port=ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER,
                                          max_len=ofproto.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER)]
        inst = [parser.OFPInstructionActions(type_=ofproto.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS,actions=actions)]
        match = parser.OFPMatch(eth_type=ether_types.ETH_TYPE_LLDP)
        
        mod = parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath,
                                priority=1,
                                match=match,
                                instructions=inst)
        datapath.send_msg(mod)

        self.send_port_desc_stats_request(datapath)# send the request


    def add_flow(self, datapath, priority, match, actions):
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        inst = [parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofproto.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS,actions)]

        mod = parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath,priority=priority,match=match,instructions=inst)
        datapath.send_msg(mod)


    def send_port_desc_stats_request(self, datapath):
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
    
        req = ofp_parser.OFPPortDescStatsRequest(datapath, 0)
        datapath.send_msg(req)


    # Send the lldp packet
    def send_lldp_packet(self, datapath, port, hw_addr, ttl):
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        pkt = packet.Packet()
        pkt.add_protocol(ethernet.ethernet(ethertype=ether_types.ETH_TYPE_LLDP,src=hw_addr ,dst=lldp.LLDP_MAC_NEAREST_BRIDGE))

        #chassis_id = lldp.ChassisID(subtype=lldp.ChassisID.SUB_LOCALLY_ASSIGNED, chassis_id=str(datapath.id))
        chassis_id = lldp.ChassisID(subtype=lldp.ChassisID.SUB_LOCALLY_ASSIGNED, chassis_id=str(datapath.id).encode('utf-8'))
        #port_id = lldp.PortID(subtype=lldp.PortID.SUB_LOCALLY_ASSIGNED, port_id=str(port))
        port_id = lldp.PortID(subtype=lldp.PortID.SUB_LOCALLY_ASSIGNED, port_id=str(port).encode('utf-8'))
        #port_id = lldp.PortID(subtype=lldp.PortID.SUB_LOCALLY_ASSIGNED, port_id=b'1/3')
        ttl = lldp.TTL(ttl=1)
        end = lldp.End()
        tlvs = (chassis_id,port_id,ttl,end)
        pkt.add_protocol(lldp.lldp(tlvs))
        pkt.serialize()
        self.logger.info("packet-out %s" % pkt)
        data = pkt.data
        actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(port=port)]
        out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(datapath=datapath,
                                  buffer_id=ofproto.OFP_NO_BUFFER,
                                  in_port=ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER,
                                  actions=actions,
                                  data=data)
        datapath.send_msg(out)

    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPortDescStatsReply, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def port_desc_stats_reply_handler(self, ev):
        ports = []
        for p in ev.msg.body:
            ports.append('port_no=%d hw_addr=%s name=%s config=0x%08x '
                     'state=0x%08x curr=0x%08x advertised=0x%08x '
                     'supported=0x%08x peer=0x%08x curr_speed=%d '
                     'max_speed=%d' %
                     (p.port_no, p.hw_addr,
                      p.name, p.config,
                      p.state, p.curr, p.advertised,
                      p.supported, p.peer, p.curr_speed,
                      p.max_speed))
            self.logger.debug('OFPPortDescStatsReply received: %s', ports)
    '''
    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPortDescStatsReply, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def port_desc_stats_reply_handler(self, ev):
        datapath = ev.msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
        ports = []
        for stat in ev.msg.body:
            if stat.port_no <=ofproto.OFPP_MAX: 
                ports.append({'port_no':stat.port_no,'hw_addr':stat.hw_addr})
        for no in ports:
            in_port = no['port_no']
            match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch(in_port = in_port)
            for other_no in ports:
                if other_no['port_no'] != in_port:
                    out_port = other_no['port_no']
            self.send_lldp_packet(datapath,no['port_no'],no['hw_addr'],10)
            actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(out_port)]
            self.add_flow(datapath, 1, match, actions)

    '''
    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def packet_in_handler(self, ev):
        msg = ev.msg
        datapath = msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        parser = datapath.ofproto_parser


        pkt = packet.Packet(data=msg.data)
        dpid = datapath.id # switch id which send the packetin
        in_port  = msg.match['in_port']

        pkt_ethernet = pkt.get_protocol(ethernet.ethernet)
        pkt_lldp = pkt.get_protocol(lldp.lldp)
        if not pkt_ethernet:
            return 
        #print(pkt_lldp)
        if pkt_lldp:
            self.handle_lldp(dpid,in_port,pkt_lldp.tlvs[0].chassis_id,pkt_lldp.tlvs[1].port_id)


        #self.logger.info("packet-in %s" % (pkt,))

    # Link two switch
    def switch_link(self,s_a,s_b):
        return s_a + '<--->' + s_b
            
    def handle_lldp(self,dpid,in_port,lldp_dpid,lldp_in_port):
        switch_a = 'switch'+str(dpid)+', port'+str(in_port)
        switch_b = 'switch'+lldp_dpid.decode('utf-8')+', port'+lldp_in_port.decode('utf-8')
        link = self.switch_link(switch_a,switch_b)

        # Check the switch link is existed
        if not any(self.switch_link(switch_b,switch_a) == search for search in self.link):
            self.link.append(link)


        print(self.link)

生成拓撲

from mininet.log import setLogLevel,info
from mininet.node import RemoteController
from mininet.net import Mininet
from mininet.cli import CLI
from optparse import OptionParser
def SetParse():
    parser = OptionParser()
    parser.add_option("-n","--number",type="int",dest="switch_num",help="write the switch number",default=1 )
    return parser.parse_args()

def MininetTopo(switch_num):
    net = Mininet()
    info("Create host nodes.\n")
    h1 = net.addHost("h1")
    h2 = net.addHost("h2")
    


    info("Create switch node.\n")
    #s1 = net.addSwitch("s1",failMode = 'standalone')
    #s1 = net.addSwitch("s1",failMode = 'secure',protocols = 'OpenFlow13')
    for sw in range(1,switch_num+1):
        name = "s"+str(sw)
        net.addSwitch(name,failMode = 'secure',protocols = 'OpenFlow13')

    info("Create Links. \n")
    for link in range(0,switch_num+1):
        if link is 0:
            net.addLink(h1,"s"+str(link+1))
        elif link is switch_num:
            net.addLink(h2,"s"+str(link))
        else:
            net.addLink("s"+str(link),"s"+str(link+1))

    info("Create controller ot switch. \n")
    net.addController(controller=RemoteController,ip='127.0.0.1',port=6633)

    info("Build and start network.\n")
    net.build()
    net.start()
    info("Run the mininet CLI")
    CLI(net)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    setLogLevel('info')
    # Set Parse
    (options, args) = SetParse()
    print(options.switch_num)

    MininetTopo(options.switch_num)

mininet> net
h1 h1-eth0:s1-eth1
h2 h2-eth0:s3-eth2
s1 lo:  s1-eth1:h1-eth0 s1-eth2:s2-eth1
s2 lo:  s2-eth1:s1-eth2 s2-eth2:s3-eth1
s3 lo:  s3-eth1:s2-eth2 s3-eth2:h2-eth0
c0
mininet> node
*** Unknown command: node
mininet> nodes
available nodes are: 
c0 h1 h2 s1 s2 s3
mininet> h1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: h1-eth0@if116: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether b2:fe:b0:b5:c8:47 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 10.0.0.1/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global h1-eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::b0fe:b0ff:feb5:c847/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
mininet> h2 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: h2-eth0@if121: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 7a:73:94:49:38:bb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 10.0.0.2/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global h2-eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::7873:94ff:fe49:38bb/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
mininet>

EVENT ofp_event->MySwitch EventOFPPortDescStatsReply
move onto main mode
EVENT ofp_event->MySwitch EventOFPPortDescStatsReply
move onto main mode
EVENT ofp_event->MySwitch EventOFPPortDescStatsReply
OFPPortDescStatsReply received: ["port_no=4294967294 hw_addr=b6:ea:b2:d3:71:43 name=b's1' config=0x00000001 state=0x00000001 curr=0x00000000 advertised=0x00000000 supported=0x00000000 peer=0x00000000 curr_speed=0 max_speed=0", "port_no=1 hw_addr=9e:48:6a:42:e7:e6 name=b's1-eth1' config=0x00000000 state=0x00000004 curr=0x00000840 advertised=0x00000000 supported=0x00000000 peer=0x00000000 curr_speed=10000000 max_speed=0", "port_no=2 hw_addr=26:fe:ef:c1:d1:cd name=b's1-eth2' config=0x00000000 state=0x00000004 curr=0x00000840 advertised=0x00000000 supported=0x00000000 peer=0x00000000 curr_speed=10000000 max_speed=0"]
OFPPortDescStatsReply received: ["port_no=4294967294 hw_addr=66:17:2e:64:b0:49 name=b's3' config=0x00000001 state=0x00000001 curr=0x00000000 advertised=0x00000000 supported=0x00000000 peer=0x00000000 curr_speed=0 max_speed=0", "port_no=1 hw_addr=1a:d2:d5:c9:3c:5e name=b's3-eth1' config=0x00000000 state=0x00000004 curr=0x00000840 advertised=0x00000000 supported=0x00000000 peer=0x00000000 curr_speed=10000000 max_speed=0", "port_no=2 hw_addr=8a:d2:8d:2f:4c:21 name=b's3-eth2' config=0x00000000 state=0x00000004 curr=0x00000840 advertised=0x00000000 supported=0x00000000 peer=0x00000000 curr_speed=10000000 max_speed=0"]
OFPPortDescStatsReply received: ["port_no=4294967294 hw_addr=ba:69:a7:ba:36:4f name=b's2' config=0x00000001 state=0x00000001 curr=0x00000000 advertised=0x00000000 supported=0x00000000 peer=0x00000000 curr_speed=0 max_speed=0", "port_no=1 hw_addr=d6:63:a2:0c:7f:70 name=b's2-eth1' config=0x00000000 state=0x00000004 curr=0x00000840 advertised=0x00000000 supported=0x00000000 peer=0x00000000 curr_speed=10000000 max_speed=0", "port_no=2 hw_addr=d2:3e:f9:67:b5:a0 name=b's2-eth2' config=0x00000000 state=0x00000004 curr=0x00000840 advertised=0x00000000 supported=0x00000000 peer=0x00000000 curr_speed=10000000 max_speed=0"]

OFPPortDescStatsReply received沒有h1 和h2

程序代碼改為

OFPPortDescStatsReply received: ["port_no=1 hw_addr=9e:48:6a:42:e7:e6 name=b's1-eth1' config=0x00000000 state=0x00000004 curr=0x00000840 advertised=0x00000000 supported=0x00000000 peer=0x00000000 curr_speed=10000000 max_speed=0", "port_no=2 hw_addr=26:fe:ef:c1:d1:cd name=b's1-eth2' config=0x00000000 state=0x00000004 curr=0x00000840 advertised=0x00000000 supported=0x00000000 peer=0x00000000 curr_speed=10000000 max_speed=0"]
OFPPortDescStatsReply received: ["port_no=1 hw_addr=d6:63:a2:0c:7f:70 name=b's2-eth1' config=0x00000000 state=0x00000004 curr=0x00000840 advertised=0x00000000 supported=0x00000000 peer=0x00000000 curr_speed=10000000 max_speed=0", "port_no=2 hw_addr=d2:3e:f9:67:b5:a0 name=b's2-eth2' config=0x00000000 state=0x00000004 curr=0x00000840 advertised=0x00000000 supported=0x00000000 peer=0x00000000 curr_speed=10000000 max_speed=0"]
move onto main mode
EVENT ofp_event->MySwitch EventOFPPortDescStatsReply
OFPPortDescStatsReply received: ["port_no=1 hw_addr=1a:d2:d5:c9:3c:5e name=b's3-eth1' config=0x00000000 state=0x00000004 curr=0x00000840 advertised=0x00000000 supported=0x00000000 peer=0x00000000 curr_speed=10000000 max_speed=0", "port_no=2 hw_addr=8a:d2:8d:2f:4c:21 name=b's3-eth2' config=0x00000000 state=0x00000004 curr=0x00000840 advertised=0x00000000 supported=0x00000000 peer=0x00000000 curr_speed=10000000 max_speed=0"]

123: s1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether b6:ea:b2:d3:71:43 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
124: s2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether ba:69:a7:ba:36:4f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
125: s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 66:17:2e:64:b0:49 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

OFPPortDescStatsReply received沒有s1 和s2、s3

s1-eth1      s1-eth2
s3-eth1      s3-eth2
s2-eth1      s2-eth2

mininet> net
h1 h1-eth0:s1-eth1
h2 h2-eth0:s3-eth2
s1 lo:  s1-eth1:h1-eth0 s1-eth2:s2-eth1
s2 lo:  s2-eth1:s1-eth2 s2-eth2:s3-eth1
s3 lo:  s3-eth1:s2-eth2 s3-eth2:h2-eth0

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