一、用ladon框架封裝Python為Webservice接口
另用soaplib實現請看: http://www.jianshu.com/p/ad3c27d2a946
功能實現的同時,希望將接口開放給別人,而封裝python接口的一個再簡單不過的框架Ladon,而且提供不同的協議,包括SOAP和Json等格式的接口。本篇緊接着上上篇(Django部署)的。雖然很簡單,但是官網的文檔還是不夠詳細,下面介紹我配置的過程及遇到的問題。
1、安裝Ladon包
使用Ladon框架,首先需要安裝Ladon包(Ladon for Python),最新的是Ladon-0.8.9。
2、新建一個APP(接着上個項目的話,就取名叫appapi)
1)、在這個app下面新建一個文件handler.py(實際上就是一個views):
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# Create your views here.
from
ladon.server.wsgi
import
LadonWSGIApplication
import
os
os.environ[
'DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'
]
=
'appops.settings'
#這里是項目的名稱設置
application
=
LadonWSGIApplication(
[
'appapi.views'
],
#引用當前目錄下views里的內容
[os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), os.path.pardir)],
catalog_name
=
'OPS APP API'
,
catalog_desc
=
'This is the root of my cool webservice catalog'
)
|
在Windows環境下,其實這時會報錯,報各種No modules named XXX的錯誤(上述from ladon.server.wsgi import LadonWSGIApplication 這句話需要三個包),這個好辦,缺什么包裝什么包,有個這個巨無霸Windows-Python集成包網站,啥都不缺,Ctrl+F就行!注意版本,這里很全,目前Windows下所有python的包都能在這里找到,32位和64位的都有,配置過程中,我就缺了下面三個包:
Jinja2-2.7.2.win32-py2.7.exe
MarkupSafe-0.18.win32-py2.7.exe
docutils-0.11.win32-py2.7.exe
2)、寫接口函數(就是APP下的Views.py里的內容),被上面引用的['appapi.views']
以一個加法和減法為例:
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from
ladon.ladonizer
import
ladonize
from
ladon.types.ladontype
import
LadonType
class
Calculator(
object
):
@ladonize
(
int
,
int
,rtype
=
int
)
def
add(
self
,a,b):
return
a
+
b
@ladonize
(
int
,
int
,rtype
=
int
)
def
Minus(
self
,a,b):
return
a
-
b
class
MyService(
object
):
@ladonize
(
int
,rtype
=
int
)
def
mytest(
self
,a):
return
a
*
a
|
這里要注意兩點:
a、要封裝的方法必須寫在一個類里(如這里的Class XXX)
b、類下面的方法如果需要封裝,則方法前面必須加修飾符@ladonize,后面的參數分別是輸入參數的類型和輸出參數(return type)的類型
3、編輯配置文件
可以在apache_django_wsgi.conf文件里配置也可以在apache下的httpd.conf文件下配置,加上這句:
WSGIScriptAlias /api "D:/OPSAPP/appops/appapi/handler.py"
意思就是可以通過在主域名(或IP)后面加上/api/就可以訪問到接口,而不用在urls.py里的urlpattern里寫url了。
這里需要注意:
a、這句與WSGIScriptAlias / "D:/OPSAPP/django.wsgi"的順序,上述api的別名一定要放在django.wsgi引用的前面,否則導致/api/的頁面不能訪問(試了很多次,WSGIScriptAlias /api "D:/OPSAPP/appops/appapi/handler.py"這個配置在apache_django_wsgi.conf里有問題,會出現主頁和api頁面不能同時訪問的情況。但是有的同事就可以,不知道哪里配置不一樣。我是配置在httpd.conf里的)
b、如果不能訪問api頁面,錯誤日志會記錄在apache目錄下的logs/error.log里。配置過程中遇到了這個錯誤:assert sys.modules[modname] is old_mod
這個需要改動源碼:C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\win32\lib\pywintypes.py第113行那段改動如下:
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if
sys.version_info < (
3
,
0
):
# assert sys.modules[modname] is old_mod
# assert mod is old_mod
pass
else
:
assert
sys.modules[modname]
is
not
old_mod
assert
sys.modules[modname]
is
mod
# as above - re-reset to the *old* module object then update globs.
sys.modules[modname]
=
old_mod
globs.update(mod.__dict__)
|
注意:每當修改過配置文件或者代碼時,最好重啟下apache服務,不然可能頁面看不出改動后的效果。
至此沒問題了,訪問URL/api的界面如下:
點擊Calculator接口,他提供了不同格式的接口類型:
我常用的就是第一個soap11類型的接口,點進去如下(不明覺厲,有木有):
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This XML
file
does
not
appear to have
any
style information associated with it. The document tree
is
shown below.
<wsdl:definitions xmlns:http
=
"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/http/"
xmlns:mime
=
"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/mime/"
xmlns:ns1
=
"urn:Calculator"
xmlns:soap
=
"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/"
xmlns:soapenc
=
"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"
xmlns:tns
=
"urn:Calculator"
xmlns:wsdl
=
"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:xsd
=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns:xsi
=
"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
name
=
"Calculator"
targetNamespace
=
"urn:Calculator"
>
<wsdl:types>
<xsd:schema xmlns:ns1
=
"urn:Calculator"
targetNamespace
=
"urn:Calculator"
>
<xsd:
import
namespace
=
"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"
/
>
<
/
xsd:schema>
<
/
wsdl:types>
<wsdl:message name
=
"add"
>
<wsdl:part name
=
"a"
type
=
"xsd:long"
/
>
<wsdl:part name
=
"b"
type
=
"xsd:long"
/
>
<
/
wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name
=
"addResponse"
>
<wsdl:part name
=
"result"
type
=
"xsd:long"
/
>
<
/
wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name
=
"minus"
>
<wsdl:part name
=
"a"
type
=
"xsd:long"
/
>
<wsdl:part name
=
"b"
type
=
"xsd:long"
/
>
<
/
wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name
=
"minusResponse"
>
<wsdl:part name
=
"result"
type
=
"xsd:long"
/
>
<
/
wsdl:message>
<wsdl:portType name
=
"CalculatorPortType"
>
<wsdl:operation name
=
"add"
>
<wsdl:
input
message
=
"tns:add"
/
>
<wsdl:output message
=
"tns:addResponse"
/
>
<
/
wsdl:operation>
<wsdl:operation name
=
"minus"
>
<wsdl:
input
message
=
"tns:minus"
/
>
<wsdl:output message
=
"tns:minusResponse"
/
>
<
/
wsdl:operation>
<
/
wsdl:portType>
<wsdl:binding name
=
"Calculator"
type
=
"tns:CalculatorPortType"
>
<soap:binding style
=
"rpc"
transport
=
"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"
/
>
<wsdl:operation name
=
"add"
>
<soap:operation soapAction
=
"http://192.168.18.74/api/Calculator/soap11/add"
style
=
"rpc"
/
>
<wsdl:
input
>
<soap:body encodingStyle
=
"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"
namespace
=
"urn:Calculator"
use
=
"encoded"
/
>
<
/
wsdl:
input
>
<wsdl:output>
<soap:body encodingStyle
=
"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"
namespace
=
"urn:Calculator"
use
=
"encoded"
/
>
<
/
wsdl:output>
<
/
wsdl:operation>
<wsdl:operation name
=
"minus"
>
<soap:operation soapAction
=
"http://192.168.18.74/api/Calculator/soap11/minus"
style
=
"rpc"
/
>
<wsdl:
input
>
<soap:body encodingStyle
=
"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"
namespace
=
"urn:Calculator"
use
=
"encoded"
/
>
<
/
wsdl:
input
>
<wsdl:output>
<soap:body encodingStyle
=
"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"
namespace
=
"urn:Calculator"
use
=
"encoded"
/
>
<
/
wsdl:output>
<
/
wsdl:operation>
<
/
wsdl:binding>
<wsdl:service name
=
"Calculator"
>
<wsdl:documentation>Ladon generated service definition<
/
wsdl:documentation>
<wsdl:port binding
=
"tns:Calculator"
name
=
"Calculator"
>
<soap:address location
=
"http://192.168.18.74/api/Calculator/soap11"
/
>
<
/
wsdl:port>
<
/
wsdl:service>
<
/
wsdl:definitions>
|
二、接口調用方法
1、調用Soap11的接口
需要安裝soap 的Client端包,大名叫做Suds(我的版本是suds-0.4),調用很簡單,如下一個示例,不解釋,聰明的你一看就明白:
#encoding:utf-8 import json # import urllib,urllib2 from suds.client import Client # import logging # logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO) # logging.getLogger('suds.client').setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
# username = 'api_user'
# password = 'api_pwd'
url="http://192.168.18.74/api/Calculator/soap11/description" #接口的URL headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/soap+xml; charset="UTF-8"'} client = Client(url,headers=headers,faults=False,timeout=15) def call_api_test(num1,num2): try: #--WSDL請求Header---------------------------------------------- # auth = client.factory.create('AuthenticationInfo') # auth.userName = username # auth.password = password # client.set_options(soapheaders=auth) #--WSDL請求Body---------------------------------------------- result = client.service.add(a=num1,b=num2) #print result if result[0] == 200: return (True, result[1]) else: return (False, result[1]) except Exception as e: return (False, e) if __name__ == '__main__': #get_software a= call_api_test(2,3) print (json.loads(a[1]))
2、調用Json格式的接口
……