python实现webservices接口并调用


一、用ladon框架封装Python为Webservice接口  

  另用soaplib实现请看:    http://www.jianshu.com/p/ad3c27d2a946  

   功能实现的同时,希望将接口开放给别人,而封装python接口的一个再简单不过的框架Ladon,而且提供不同的协议,包括SOAP和Json等格式的接口。本篇紧接着上上篇(Django部署)的。虽然很简单,但是官网的文档还是不够详细,下面介绍我配置的过程及遇到的问题。

1、安装Ladon包

使用Ladon框架,首先需要安装Ladon包(Ladon for Python),最新的是Ladon-0.8.9

2、新建一个APP(接着上个项目的话,就取名叫appapi)

1)、在这个app下面新建一个文件handler.py(实际上就是一个views):

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# Create your views here.
from  ladon.server.wsgi  import  LadonWSGIApplication
import  os
 
os.environ[ 'DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE' =  'appops.settings'    #这里是项目的名称设置
 
application  =  LadonWSGIApplication(
   [ 'appapi.views' ],   #引用当前目录下views里的内容
   [os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), os.path.pardir)],
   catalog_name = 'OPS APP API' ,
   catalog_desc = 'This is the root of my cool webservice catalog' )

  

在Windows环境下,其实这时会报错,报各种No modules named XXX的错误(上述from ladon.server.wsgi import LadonWSGIApplication 这句话需要三个包),这个好办,缺什么包装什么包,有个这个巨无霸Windows-Python集成包网站,啥都不缺,Ctrl+F就行!注意版本,这里很全,目前Windows下所有python的包都能在这里找到,32位和64位的都有,配置过程中,我就缺了下面三个包:

Jinja2-2.7.2.win32-py2.7.exe

MarkupSafe-0.18.win32-py2.7.exe

docutils-0.11.win32-py2.7.exe

2)、写接口函数(就是APP下的Views.py里的内容),被上面引用的['appapi.views']

以一个加法和减法为例:

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from  ladon.ladonizer  import  ladonize
from  ladon.types.ladontype  import  LadonType
 
class  Calculator( object ):
 
     @ladonize ( int , int ,rtype = int )
     def  add( self ,a,b):
         return  a + b
 
     @ladonize ( int , int ,rtype = int )
     def  Minus( self ,a,b):
         return  a - b
 
class  MyService( object ):
     
     @ladonize ( int ,rtype = int )
     def  mytest( self ,a):
          return  a * a

  

这里要注意两点:

a、要封装的方法必须写在一个类里(如这里的Class XXX)

b、类下面的方法如果需要封装,则方法前面必须加修饰符@ladonize,后面的参数分别是输入参数的类型和输出参数(return type)的类型

3、编辑配置文件

可以在apache_django_wsgi.conf文件里配置也可以在apache下的httpd.conf文件下配置,加上这句:

WSGIScriptAlias /api "D:/OPSAPP/appops/appapi/handler.py"

意思就是可以通过在主域名(或IP)后面加上/api/就可以访问到接口,而不用在urls.py里的urlpattern里写url了。

这里需要注意:

a、这句与WSGIScriptAlias / "D:/OPSAPP/django.wsgi"的顺序,上述api的别名一定要放在django.wsgi引用的前面,否则导致/api/的页面不能访问(试了很多次,WSGIScriptAlias /api "D:/OPSAPP/appops/appapi/handler.py"这个配置在apache_django_wsgi.conf里有问题,会出现主页和api页面不能同时访问的情况。但是有的同事就可以,不知道哪里配置不一样。我是配置在httpd.conf里的)

b、如果不能访问api页面,错误日志会记录在apache目录下的logs/error.log里。配置过程中遇到了这个错误:assert sys.modules[modname] is old_mod 

这个需要改动源码:C:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\win32\lib\pywintypes.py第113行那段改动如下:

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if  sys.version_info < ( 3 , 0 ):
         # assert sys.modules[modname] is old_mod
         # assert mod is old_mod
         pass
     else :
         assert  sys.modules[modname]  is  not  old_mod
         assert  sys.modules[modname]  is  mod
         # as above - re-reset to the *old* module object then update globs.
         sys.modules[modname]  =  old_mod
         globs.update(mod.__dict__)

  

注意:每当修改过配置文件或者代码时,最好重启下apache服务,不然可能页面看不出改动后的效果。

至此没问题了,访问URL/api的界面如下:

 

点击Calculator接口,他提供了不同格式的接口类型:

 

我常用的就是第一个soap11类型的接口,点进去如下(不明觉厉,有木有): 

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This XML  file  does  not  appear to have  any  style information associated with it. The document tree  is  shown below.
<wsdl:definitions xmlns:http = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/http/"  xmlns:mime = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/mime/"  xmlns:ns1 = "urn:Calculator"  xmlns:soap = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/"  xmlns:soapenc = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"  xmlns:tns = "urn:Calculator"  xmlns:wsdl = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"  xmlns:xsd = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"  xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  name = "Calculator"  targetNamespace = "urn:Calculator" >
<wsdl:types>
<xsd:schema xmlns:ns1 = "urn:Calculator"  targetNamespace = "urn:Calculator" >
<xsd: import  namespace = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" / >
< / xsd:schema>
< / wsdl:types>
<wsdl:message name = "add" >
<wsdl:part name = "a"  type = "xsd:long" / >
<wsdl:part name = "b"  type = "xsd:long" / >
< / wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name = "addResponse" >
<wsdl:part name = "result"  type = "xsd:long" / >
< / wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name = "minus" >
<wsdl:part name = "a"  type = "xsd:long" / >
<wsdl:part name = "b"  type = "xsd:long" / >
< / wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name = "minusResponse" >
<wsdl:part name = "result"  type = "xsd:long" / >
< / wsdl:message>
<wsdl:portType name = "CalculatorPortType" >
<wsdl:operation name = "add" >
<wsdl: input  message = "tns:add" / >
<wsdl:output message = "tns:addResponse" / >
< / wsdl:operation>
<wsdl:operation name = "minus" >
<wsdl: input  message = "tns:minus" / >
<wsdl:output message = "tns:minusResponse" / >
< / wsdl:operation>
< / wsdl:portType>
<wsdl:binding name = "Calculator"  type = "tns:CalculatorPortType" >
<soap:binding style = "rpc"  transport = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http" / >
<wsdl:operation name = "add" >
<soap:operation soapAction = "http://192.168.18.74/api/Calculator/soap11/add"  style = "rpc" / >
<wsdl: input >
<soap:body encodingStyle = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"  namespace = "urn:Calculator"  use = "encoded" / >
< / wsdl: input >
<wsdl:output>
<soap:body encodingStyle = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"  namespace = "urn:Calculator"  use = "encoded" / >
< / wsdl:output>
< / wsdl:operation>
<wsdl:operation name = "minus" >
<soap:operation soapAction = "http://192.168.18.74/api/Calculator/soap11/minus"  style = "rpc" / >
<wsdl: input >
<soap:body encodingStyle = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"  namespace = "urn:Calculator"  use = "encoded" / >
< / wsdl: input >
<wsdl:output>
<soap:body encodingStyle = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"  namespace = "urn:Calculator"  use = "encoded" / >
< / wsdl:output>
< / wsdl:operation>
< / wsdl:binding>
<wsdl:service name = "Calculator" >
<wsdl:documentation>Ladon generated service definition< / wsdl:documentation>
<wsdl:port binding = "tns:Calculator"  name = "Calculator" >
<soap:address location = "http://192.168.18.74/api/Calculator/soap11" / >
< / wsdl:port>
< / wsdl:service>
< / wsdl:definitions>

  

  

二、接口调用方法                                   

1、调用Soap11的接口

需要安装soap 的Client端包,大名叫做Suds(我的版本是suds-0.4),调用很简单,如下一个示例,不解释,聪明的你一看就明白:

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#encoding:utf-8
import json
# import urllib,urllib2
from suds.client import Client

# import logging
# logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
# logging.getLogger('suds.client').setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

# username = 'api_user'
# password = 'api_pwd'
url="http://192.168.18.74/api/Calculator/soap11/description" #接口的URL headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/soap+xml; charset="UTF-8"'} client = Client(url,headers=headers,faults=False,timeout=15) def call_api_test(num1,num2): try: #--WSDL请求Header---------------------------------------------- # auth = client.factory.create('AuthenticationInfo') # auth.userName = username # auth.password = password # client.set_options(soapheaders=auth) #--WSDL请求Body---------------------------------------------- result = client.service.add(a=num1,b=num2) #print result if result[0] == 200: return (True, result[1]) else: return (False, result[1]) except Exception as e: return (False, e) if __name__ == '__main__': #get_software a= call_api_test(2,3) print (json.loads(a[1]))
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2、调用Json格式的接口

……


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