/** * 將配置文件中配置的每一個屬性的值,映射到這個組件中 * @ConfigurationProperties:告訴SpringBoot將本類中的所有屬性和配置文件中相關的配置進行綁定;
默認在全局配置文件中獲取值的 * prefix = "person":配置文件中哪個下面的所有屬性進行一一映射 * * 只有這個組件是容器中的組件,才能容器提供的@ConfigurationProperties功能;
@Component
* */
配置文件內容:
person: lastName: hello age: 18 boss: false birth: 2017/12/12 maps: {k1: v1,k2: 12} lists: - lisi - zhaoliu dog: name: 小狗 age: 12
映射:
@Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") public class Person { private String lastName; private Integer age; private Boolean boss; private Date birth; private Map<String,Object> maps; private List<Object> lists; private Dog dog;
除了使用 @ConfigurationProperties進行配置值獲取
之前使用bean標簽添加到容器中的時候,對應現在的就是@Component
value標簽對應的就是現在注解@Value
松散語法:
配置文件yml還是properties他們都能獲取到值;
如果說,我們只是在某個業務邏輯中需要獲取一下配置文件中的某項值,使用@Value;
如果說,我們專門編寫了一個javaBean來和配置文件進行映射,我們就直接使用@ConfigurationProperties
@Component @Validated//表示里面的value需要進行JSR303數據校驗,就是下面的@Email public class Person { /** * <bean class="Person"> * <property name="lastName" value="字面量/${key}從環境變量、配置文件中獲取值/#{SpEL}"></property> * <bean/> */ //lastName必須是郵箱格式 @Email //@Value("${person.last-name}") private String lastName; //@Value("#{11*2}") private Integer age; //@Value("true") private Boolean boss; private Date birth; private Map<String,Object> maps; private List<Object> lists; private Dog dog;
/** * 將配置文件中配置的每一個屬性的值,映射到這個組件中 * @ConfigurationProperties:告訴SpringBoot將本類中的所有屬性和配置文件中相關的配置進行綁定; * prefix = "person":配置文件中哪個下面的所有屬性進行一一映射 * * 只有這個組件是容器中的組件,才能容器提供的@ConfigurationProperties功能; * @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")默認從全局配置文件中獲取值; * */
例子:
@PropertySource(value = {"classpath:person.properties"})//classpath表示的是main路徑下的 @Component @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person") //@Validated public class Person {
@ImportResource:導入Spring的配置文件,讓配置文件里面的內容生效;
Spring Boot里面沒有Spring的配置文件,我們自己編寫的配置文件,也不能自動識別;
想讓Spring的配置文件生效,加載進來;@ImportResource標注在一個配置類上
@ImportResource(locations = {"classpath:beans.xml"}) 導入Spring的配置文件讓其生效
以前需要編寫spring配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="helloService" class="com.atguigu.springboot.service.HelloService"></bean> </beans>
現在:
SpringBoot推薦給容器中添加組件的方式;推薦使用全注解的方式
1、配置類@Configuration------>Spring配置文件
2、使用@Bean
/** * @Configuration:指明當前類是一個配置類;就是來替代之前的Spring配置文件 * * 在配置文件中用<bean><bean/>標簽添加組件 * */ @Configuration public class MyAppConfig { //將方法的返回值添加到容器中;容器中這個組件默認的id就是方法名 @Bean public HelloService helloService02(){ System.out.println("配置類@Bean給容器中添加組件了..."); return new HelloService(); } }
多Profile文件
我們在主配置文件編寫的時候,文件名可以是 application-{profile}.properties/yml
默認使用application.properties的配置;
編寫不同環境的配置文件: application-dev.properties 在默認的全局配置文件當中 即application.properties中配置: 在配置文件中指定 spring.profiles.active=dev
server: port: 8081 spring: profiles: active: prod --- server: port: 8083 spring: profiles: dev --- server: port: 8084 spring: profiles: prod #指定屬於哪個環境
---三個橫線就是代表不同的配置內容分塊,active:就是要激活的配置塊
**項目打包好以后,我們可以使用命令行參數的形式,啟動項目的時候來指定配置文件的新位置;
指定配置文件和默認加載的這些配置文件共同起作用形成互補配置;** java -jar spring-boot-02-config-02-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
--spring.config.location=G:/application.properties
jar --jfijeifjie --server.port= 8089 命令行
SpringBoot啟動的時候加載主配置類,開啟了自動配置功能 ==@EnableAutoConfiguration==
@EnableAutoConfiguration 作用:
通過selectImport方法進行選擇加載
public Iterable<Entry> selectImports() { if (this.autoConfigurationEntries.isEmpty()) { return Collections.emptyList(); } else { Set<String> allExclusions = (Set)this.autoConfigurationEntries.stream().map(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry::getExclusions).flatMap(Collection::stream).collect(Collectors.toSet()); Set<String> processedConfigurations = (Set)this.autoConfigurationEntries.stream().map(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry::getConfigurations).flatMap(Collection::stream).collect(Collectors.toCollection(LinkedHashSet::new)); processedConfigurations.removeAll(allExclusions); return (Iterable)this.sortAutoConfigurations(processedConfigurations, this.getAutoConfigurationMetadata()).stream().map((importClassName) -> { return new Entry((AnnotationMetadata)this.entries.get(importClassName), importClassName); }).collect(Collectors.toList()); } }
protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) { List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader()); Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct."); return configurations; }
SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames() 掃描所有jar包類路徑下 META-INF/spring.factories 把掃描到的這些文件的內容包裝成properties對象 從properties中獲取到EnableAutoConfiguration.class類(類名)對應的值,然后把他們添加在容器中
==將 類路徑下 META-INF/spring.factories 里面配置的所有EnableAutoConfiguration的值加入到了容器中;==
# PropertySource Loaders org.springframework.boot.env.PropertySourceLoader=\ org.springframework.boot.env.PropertiesPropertySourceLoader,\ org.springframework.boot.env.YamlPropertySourceLoader # Run Listeners org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=\ org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener # Error Reporters org.springframework.boot.SpringBootExceptionReporter=\ org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzers # Application Context Initializers org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\ org.springframework.boot.context.ConfigurationWarningsApplicationContextInitializer,\ org.springframework.boot.context.ContextIdApplicationContextInitializer,\ org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationContextInitializer,\ org.springframework.boot.rsocket.context.RSocketPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer,\ org.springframework.boot.web.context.ServerPortInfoApplicationContextInitializer # Application Listeners org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\ org.springframework.boot.ClearCachesApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.cloud.CloudFoundryVcapEnvironmentPostProcessor,\ org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener,\ org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener # Environment Post Processors org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor=\ org.springframework.boot.cloud.CloudFoundryVcapEnvironmentPostProcessor,\ org.springframework.boot.env.SpringApplicationJsonEnvironmentPostProcessor,\ org.springframework.boot.env.SystemEnvironmentPropertySourceEnvironmentPostProcessor,\ org.springframework.boot.reactor.DebugAgentEnvironmentPostProcessor # Failure Analyzers org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzer=\ org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BeanCurrentlyInCreationFailureAnalyzer,\ org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BeanDefinitionOverrideFailureAnalyzer,\ org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BeanNotOfRequiredTypeFailureAnalyzer,\ org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BindFailureAnalyzer,\ org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.BindValidationFailureAnalyzer,\ org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.UnboundConfigurationPropertyFailureAnalyzer,\ org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.ConnectorStartFailureAnalyzer,\ org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.NoSuchMethodFailureAnalyzer,\ org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionFailureAnalyzer,\ org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.PortInUseFailureAnalyzer,\ org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.ValidationExceptionFailureAnalyzer,\ org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.InvalidConfigurationPropertyNameFailureAnalyzer,\ org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.analyzer.InvalidConfigurationPropertyValueFailureAnalyzer # FailureAnalysisReporters org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalysisReporter=\ org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.LoggingFailureAnalysisReporter
每一個這樣的 xxxAutoConfiguration類都是容器中的一個組件,都加入到容器中;用他們來做自動配置;
每一個自動配置類進行自動配置功能;
//表示這是一個配置類,以前編寫的配置文件一樣,也可以給容器中添加組件 @Configuration( proxyBeanMethods = false ) //啟動指定類的ConfigurationProperties功能;將配置文件中對應的值和HttpEncodingProperties綁定起來;
並把HttpEncodingProperties加入到ioc容器中 @EnableConfigurationProperties({ServerProperties.class}) /Spring底層@Conditional注解(Spring注解版),根據不同的條件,如果滿足指定的條件,整個配置類里面的配置
就會生效; 判斷當前應用是否是web應用,如果是,當前配置類生效 @ConditionalOnWebApplication( type = Type.SERVLET ) //判斷當前項目有沒有這個類CharacterEncodingFilter;SpringMVC中進行亂碼解決的過濾器; @ConditionalOnClass({CharacterEncodingFilter.class}) //判斷配置文件中是否存在某個配置 spring.http.encoding.enabled;如果不存在,判斷也是成立的 //即使我們配置文件中不配置pring.http.encoding.enabled=true,也是默認生效的; @ConditionalOnProperty( prefix = "server.servlet.encoding", value = {"enabled"}, matchIfMissing = true ) public class HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration { //他已經和SpringBoot的配置文件映射了 private final Encoding properties; //只有一個有參構造器的情況下,參數的值就會從容器中拿 public HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration(ServerProperties properties) { this.properties = properties.getServlet().getEncoding(); } @Bean//給容器中添加一個組件,這個組件的某些值需要從properties中獲取 //判斷容器沒有這個組件? @ConditionalOnMissingBean public CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter() { CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new OrderedCharacterEncodingFilter(); filter.setEncoding(this.properties.getCharset().name()); filter.setForceRequestEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.Encoding.Type.REQUEST)); filter.setForceResponseEncoding(this.properties.shouldForce(org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.server.Encoding.Type.RESPONSE)); return filter; }
一但這個配置類生效;這個配置類就會給容器中添加各種組件;這些組件的屬性是從對應的properties類中獲取的,這些類里面的每一個屬性又是和配置文件綁定的;
所有在配置文件中能配置的屬性都是在xxxxProperties類中封裝者‘;配置文件能配置什么就可以參照某個
功能對應的這個屬性類
作用:必須是@Conditional指定的條件成立,才給容器中添加組件,配置配里面的所有內容才生效;
自動配置類必須在一定的條件下才能生效;
============================ CONDITIONS EVALUATION REPORT ============================ Positive matches: //自動加載啟用的配置累 ----------------- AopAutoConfiguration matched: - @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.aop.auto=true) matched (OnPropertyCondition) AopAutoConfiguration.ClassProxyingConfiguration matched: - @ConditionalOnMissingClass did not find unwanted class 'org.aspectj.weaver.Advice' (OnClassCondition) - @ConditionalOnProperty (spring.aop.proxy-target-class=true) matched (OnPropertyCondition) DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration matched: - @ConditionalOnClass found required class 'org.springframework.web
Negative matches:自動加載不啟用,不滿足condition條件的 ----------------- ActiveMQAutoConfiguration: Did not match: - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required class 'javax.jms.ConnectionFactory' (OnClassCondition) AopAutoConfiguration.AspectJAutoProxyingConfiguration: Did not match: - @ConditionalOnClass did not find required class 'org.aspectj.weaver.Advice' (OnClassCondition)