Arch Linux安裝腳本略解

本文根據Github Arch Linux安裝腳本寫的，有需要的可以根據原作者代碼進行更改，但是作者好久都沒有更新了，注意必要的修改

提取出主要的兩個文件，根據我自己的情況修改了一些，粗略的解釋一下，新手可以多翻翻

arch-linux-installer.sh

#!/bin/bash

#字體顏色
color(){
    case $1 in
        red)
            echo -e "\033[31m$2\033[0m"
        ;;
        green)
            echo -e "\033[32m$2\033[0m"
        ;;
    esac
}

#分區分配
partition(){
    if (echo $1 | grep '/' > /dev/null 2>&1);then
        other=$1
    else
        other=/$1
    fi

    fdisk -l
    color green "Input the partition (/dev/sdaX"
    read OTHER
    color green "Format it ? y)yes ENTER)no"
    read tmp

    if [ "$other" == "/boot" ];then
        boot=$OTHER
    fi

    if [ "$tmp" == y ];then
        umount $OTHER > /dev/null 2>&1
        color green "Input the filesystem's num to format it"
        select type in 'ext2' "ext3" "ext4" "btrfs" "xfs" "jfs" "fat" "swap";do
            case $type in
                "ext2")
                    mkfs.ext2 $OTHER
                    break
                ;;
                "ext3")
                    mkfs.ext3 $OTHER
                    break
                ;;
                "ext4")
                    mkfs.ext4 $OTHER
                    break
                ;;
                "btrfs")
                    mkfs.btrfs $OTHER -f
                    break
                ;;
                "xfs")
                    mkfs.xfs $OTHER -f
                    break
                ;;
                "jfs")
                    mkfs.jfs $OTHER
                    break
                ;;
                "fat")
                    mkfs.fat -F32 $OTHER
                    break
                ;;
                "swap")
                    swapoff $OTHER > /dev/null 2>&1
                    mkswap $OTHER -f
                    break
                ;;
                *)
                    color red "Error ! Please input the num again"
                ;;
            esac
        done
    fi

    if [ "$other" == "/swap" ];then
        swapon $OTHER
    else
        umount $OTHER > /dev/null 2>&1
        mkdir /mnt$other
        mount $OTHER /mnt$other
    fi
}

#分區准備
#建議手動分區，在后邊刪除調用這個程序的命令
prepare(){
    fdisk -l
    color green "Do you want to adjust the partition ? y)yes ENTER)no"
    read tmp
    if [ "$tmp" == y ];then
        color green "Input the disk (/dev/sdX"
        read TMP
        cfdisk $TMP
    fi
    color green "Input the ROOT(/) mount point:"
    read ROOT
    color green "Format it ? y)yes ENTER)no"
    read tmp
    if [ "$tmp" == y ];then
        umount $ROOT > /dev/null 2>&1
        color green "Input the filesystem's num to format it"
        select type in "ext4" "btrfs" "xfs" "jfs";do
            umount $ROOT > /dev/null 2>&1
            if [ "$type" == "btrfs" ];then
                mkfs.$type $ROOT -f
            elif [ "$type" == "xfs" ];then
                mkfs.$type $ROOT -f
            else
                mkfs.$type $ROOT
            fi
            break
        done
    fi
    mount $ROOT /mnt
    color green "Do you have another mount point ? if so please input it, such as : /boot /home and swap or just ENTER to skip"
    read other
    while [ "$other" != '' ];do
        partition $other
        color green "Still have another mount point ? input it or just ENTER"
        read other
    done
}

install(){
#修改源
    echo "Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/\$repo/os/\$arch" > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
#配置基本系統
#注意選擇的包，最小的只需要base，linux，linux-firmware即可，原作者更新於2019年九月以前，那時候linux包還在base包組里
    pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux-lts linux-firmware
    genfstab -U -p /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab
}

config(){
#復制配置腳本到新系統里，並且chroot進去
    cp config.sh /mnt/root/config.sh
    chmod +x /mnt/root/config.sh
    arch-chroot /mnt /root/config.sh $ROOT $boot
}

if [ "$1" != '' ];then
    case $1 in
        "--prepare")
            prepare
        ;;
        "--install")
            install
        ;;
        "--chroot")
            config
        ;;
        "--help")
            color red "--prepare :  prepare disk and partition\n--install :  install the base system\n--chroot :  chroot into the system to install other software"
        ;;
        *)
            color red "Error !\n--prepare :  prepare disk and partition\n--install :  install the base system\n--chroot :  chroot into the system to install other software"
        ;;
    esac
else
#程序調用處
    prepare
    install
    config
fi

  config.sh

#!/bin/bash

root=$1
boot=$2

set -e
#字體顏色
color(){
    case $1 in
        red)
            echo -e "\033[31m$2\033[0m"
        ;;
        yellow)
            echo -e "\033[33m$2\033[0m"
        ;;
    esac
}

config_base(){
#設置電腦名稱
    color yellow "Input your hostname"
    read TMP
    echo $TMP > /etc/hostname
#設置root密碼
    color yellow "Change your root passwd"
    passwd
}

config_locale(){
#選擇時區，tzselect有同樣的作用
    color yellow "Please choose your locale time"
    select TIME in `ls /usr/share/zoneinfo`;do
        if [ -d "/usr/share/zoneinfo/$TIME" ];then
            select time in `ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TIME`;do
                ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TIME/$time /etc/localtime
                break
            done
        else
            ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$TIME /etc/localtime
            break
        fi
        break
    done

#同步硬件時間
    hwclock --systohc --utc
#設置語言，建議Lang選擇en，locale.gen修改成
#en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
#zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
   color yellow "Choose your language"
    select LNAG in "en_US.UTF-8" "zh_CN.UTF-8";do
        echo "$LNAG UTF-8" > /etc/locale.gen
        locale-gen
        echo LANG=$LANG > /etc/locale.conf
        break
    done
}
#無特殊需求首選grub，也可以選用其他引導工具，但是其他引導工具需要根據Wiki修改，此處不適用，如果雙系統需要添加os-prober包，修改成pacman -S --noconfirm grub efibootmgr os-prober -y即可
install_grub(){
    if (mount | grep efivarfs > /dev/null 2>&1);then
        pacman -S --noconfirm grub efibootmgr -y
        rm -f /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/dump-*
        grub-install --target=`uname -m`-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=Arch
#配置grub，可以根據需求修改grub.cfg文件
        grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
    else
        pacman -S --noconfirm grub
        fdisk -l
        color yellow "Input the disk you want to install grub (/dev/sdX"
        read TMP
        grub-install --target=i386-pc $TMP
        grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
    fi
}

install_bootctl(){
    if (mount | grep efivarfs > /dev/null 2>&1);then
        bootctl --path=/boot install
        cp /usr/share/systemd/bootctl/loader.conf /boot/loader/
    echo "timeout 4" >> /boot/loader/loader.conf
    echo -e "title          Arch Linux\nlinux          ../vmlinuz-linux\ninitrd         ../initramfs-linux.img" > /boot/loader/entries/arch.conf

    else
        color yellow "Looks like your PC doesn't suppot UEFI or not in UEFI mode ENTER to use grub. Input q to quit"
        read TMP
        if [ "$TMP" == "" ];then
            install_grub
        else
            exit
        fi
    fi
}

install_efistub(){
    UUID=`blkid -s UUID -o value $root`
    efi=`echo $boot | grep -o "[0-9]*"`
    if (mount | grep efivarfs > /dev/null 2>&1);then
        pacman -S --noconfirm efibootmgr
        rm -f /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/dump-*
        efibootmgr --disk $boot --part $efi --create --label "Arch Linux" --loader /vmlinuz-linux --unicode "root=UUID=$UUID rw initrd=\initramfs-linux.img"
    else
        color yellow "Looks like your PC doesn't suppot UEFI or not in UEFI mode ENTER to use grub. Input q to quit"
        read TMP
        if [ "$TMP" == "" ];then
            install_grub
        else
            exit
        fi
    fi
}
#添加用戶
add_user(){
    color yellow "Input the user name you want to use (must be lower case)"
    read USER
    useradd -m -g wheel $USER
    color yellow "Set the passwd"
    passwd $USER
    pacman -S --noconfirm sudo
#使添加的用戶組擁有sudo權限
    sed -i 's/\# \%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL/\%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL/g' /etc/sudoers
    sed -i 's/\# \%wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL/\%wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL/g' /etc/sudoers
}
#安裝顯卡驅動，我的上一個電腦i5-7200U+MX150可以用此安裝顯卡驅動
#但是現在的電腦i7-9750H+1660ti不適用，不建議使用bumblebee管理顯卡
#可以根據wiki，從Nvidia官網下載Linux顯卡驅動安裝，使用optimus-manager管理
#點此處查看Wiki關於optimus-manager的說明

install_graphic(){
    color yellow "What is your video graphic card?"
    select GPU in "Intel" "Nvidia" "Intel and Nvidia" "AMD";do
        case $GPU in
            "Intel")
                pacman -S --noconfirm xf86-video-intel -y
                break
            ;;
            "Nvidia")
                color yellow "Version of nvidia-driver to install"
                select NVIDIA in "GeForce-8 and newer" "GeForce-6/7" "Older";do
                    case $NVIDIA in
                        "GeForce-8 and newer")
                            pacman -S --noconfirm nvidia -y
                            break
                        ;;
                        "GeForce-6/7")
                            pacman -S --noconfirm nvidia-304xx -y
                            break
                        ;;
                        "Older")
                            pacman -S --noconfirm nvidia-340xx -y
                            break
                        ;;
                        *)
                            color red "Error ! Please input the correct num"
                        ;;
                    esac
                done
                break
            ;;
            "Intel and Nvidia")
                pacman -S --noconfirm bumblebee -y
                systemctl enable bumblebeed
                color yellow "Version of nvidia-driver to install"
                select NVIDIA in "GeForce-8 and newer" "GeForce-6/7" "Older";do
                    case $NVIDIA in
                        "GeForce-8 and newer")
                            pacman -S --noconfirm nvidia -y
                            break
                        ;;
                        "GeForce-6/7")
                            pacman -S --noconfirm nvidia-304xx -y
                            break
                        ;;
                        "Older")
                            pacman -S --noconfirm nvidia-340xx -y
                            break
                        ;;
                        *)
                            color red "Error ! Please input the correct num"
                        ;;
                    esac
                done
                break
            ;;
            "AMD")
                pacman -S --noconfirm xf86-video-ati -y
                break
            ;;
            *)
                color red "Error ! Please input the correct num"
            ;;
        esac
    done
}
#藍牙驅動
install_bluetooth(){
    pacman -S --noconfirm bluez
    systemctl enable bluetooth
    color yellow "Install blueman? y)YES ENTER)NO"
    read TMP
    if [ "$TMP" == "y" ];then
        pacman -S --noconfirm blueman
    fi
}
#安裝一些軟件
install_app(){
    color yellow "Install yay(aur helper) from archlinuxcn or use git ? (just for China users) y)YES ENTER)NO"
    read TMP
    if [ "$TMP" == "y" ];then
        sed -i '/archlinuxcn/d' /etc/pacman.conf
        sed -i '/archlinux-cn/d' /etc/pacman.conf
#添加archlinuxcn源
        select MIRROR in "USTC" "TUNA" "163";do
            case $MIRROR in
                "USTC")
                    echo -e "[archlinuxcn]\nServer = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/\$arch" >> /etc/pacman.conf
                    break
                ;;
                "TUNA")
                    echo -e "[archlinuxcn]\nServer = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/\$arch" >> /etc/pacman.conf
                    break
                ;;
                "163")
                    echo -e "[archlinuxcn]\nServer = http://mirrors.163.com/archlinux-cn/\$arch" >> /etc/pacman.conf
                    break
                ;;
                *)
                    color red "Error ! Please input the correct num"
                ;;
            esac
        done
        pacman -Sy
        pacman -S --noconfirm archlinuxcn-keyring
    else
        pacman -S --noconfirm git
        su - $USER -c "cd ~
            git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/package-query.git
            cd package-query && makepkg -si
            cd ..
            git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git
            cd yay && makepkg -si
            cd ..
            rm -rf package-query yay"
        fi
#安裝一些軟件，可手動修改，建議使用networkmanager而不是wicd等網絡管理軟件
    pacman -S --noconfirm networkmanager xorg-server wqy-zenhei wget 
    systemctl enable NetworkManager
#由於我是手動安裝顯卡驅動故注釋
#    if [ "$GPU" == "Intel and Nvidia" ];then
#        gpasswd -a $USER bumblebee
#    fi
}
#安裝桌面環境，可根據wiki說明選擇自己需要的包，這里給的不是最小化安裝
install_desktop(){
    color yellow "Choose the desktop you want to use"
    select DESKTOP in "KDE" "Gnome" "Lxde" "Lxqt" "Mate" "Xfce" "Deepin" "Budgie" "Cinnamon";do
        case $DESKTOP in
            "KDE")
                pacman -S plasma kdebase kdeutils kdegraphics sddm
                systemctl enable sddm
                break
            ;;
            "Gnome")
                pacman -S gnome gnome-terminal
                systemctl enable gdm
                break
            ;;
            "Lxde")
                pacman -S lxde lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter
                systemctl enable lightdm
                break
            ;;
            "Lxqt")
                pacman -S lxqt lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter
                systemctl enable lightdm
                break
            ;;
            "Mate")
                pacman -S mate mate-extra mate-terminal lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter
                systemctl enable lightdm
                break
            ;;
            "Xfce")
                pacman -S xfce4 xfce4-terminal lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter
#               xfce4-goodies
                systemctl enable lightdm
                break
            ;;
            "Deepin")
                pacman -S deepin deepin-extra deepin-terminal lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter
                systemctl enable lightdm
                sed -i '108s/#greeter-session=example-gtk-gnome/greeter-session=lightdm-deepin-greeter/' /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf
                break
            ;;
            "Budgie")
                pacman -S budgie-desktop gnome-terminal lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter
                systemctl enable lightdm
                break
            ;;
            "Cinnamon")
                pacman -S cinnamon gnome-terminal lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter
                systemctl enable lightdm
                break
            ;;
            *)
                color red "Error ! Please input the correct num"
            ;;
        esac
    done
}

clean(){
    sed -i 's/\%wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL/\# \%wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL/g' /etc/sudoers
}
#主程序，根據需要修改，由於該腳本沒有糾錯功能，輸入錯誤就會崩潰，運行到哪一步崩潰了把前面的刪了再運行即可
main(){
    config_base
    config_locale
    color yellow "Use Bootctl EFISUB or GRUB ? b)Bootctl e)EFISTUB ENTER)GRUB"
    read TMP
    if [ "$TMP" == "b" ];then
        install_bootctl
    elif [ "$TMP" == "e" ];then
        install_efistub
    else
        install_grub
    fi
    add_user
#    install_graphic
    color yellow "Do you have bluetooth ? y)YES ENTER)NO"
    read TMP
    if [ "$TMP" == "y" ];then
        install_bluetooth
    fi
    install_app
    install_desktop
    clean
    color yellow "Done , Thanks for using"
}

main