Spring Boot 集成 Ehcache 緩存,三步搞定!


作者:ramostear
https://www.jianshu.com/p/f4126ee58df1

本次內容主要介紹基於Ehcache 3.0來快速實現Spring Boot應用程序的數據緩存功能。在Spring Boot應用程序中,我們可以通過Spring Caching來快速搞定數據緩存。

接下來我們將介紹如何在三步之內搞定 Spring Boot 緩存。

1. 創建一個Spring Boot工程

你所創建的Spring Boot應用程序的maven依賴文件至少應該是下面的樣子:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.ramostear</groupId>
    <artifactId>cache</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>cache</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.ehcache</groupId>
            <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.cache</groupId>
            <artifactId>cache-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

依賴說明:

  • spring-boot-starter-cache為Spring Boot應用程序提供緩存支持

  • ehcache提供了Ehcache的緩存實現

  • cache-api 提供了基於JSR-107的緩存規范

2. 配置Ehcache緩存

現在,需要告訴Spring Boot去哪里找緩存配置文件,這需要在Spring Boot配置文件中進行設置:

spring.cache.jcache.config=classpath:ehcache.xml

然后使用@EnableCaching注解開啟Spring Boot應用程序緩存功能,你可以在應用主類中進行操作:

package com.ramostear.cache;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCaching
public class CacheApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(CacheApplication.class, args);
    }
}

接下來,需要創建一個 ehcache 的配置文件,該文件放置在類路徑下,如resources目錄下:

<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xmlns="http://www.ehcache.org/v3"
        xmlns:jsr107="http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107"
        xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.ehcache.org/v3 http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-core-3.0.xsd
            http://www.ehcache.org/v3/jsr107 http://www.ehcache.org/schema/ehcache-107-ext-3.0.xsd">
    <service>
        <jsr107:defaults enable-statistics="true"/>
    </service>

    <cache alias="person">
        <key-type>java.lang.Long</key-type>
        <value-type>com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person</value-type>
        <expiry>
            <ttl unit="minutes">1</ttl>
        </expiry>
        <listeners>
            <listener>
                <class>com.ramostear.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger</class>
                <event-firing-mode>ASYNCHRONOUS</event-firing-mode>
                <event-ordering-mode>UNORDERED</event-ordering-mode>
                <events-to-fire-on>CREATED</events-to-fire-on>
                <events-to-fire-on>UPDATED</events-to-fire-on>
                <events-to-fire-on>EXPIRED</events-to-fire-on>
                <events-to-fire-on>REMOVED</events-to-fire-on>
                <events-to-fire-on>EVICTED</events-to-fire-on>
            </listener>
        </listeners>
        <resources>
                <heap unit="entries">2000</heap>
                <offheap unit="MB">100</offheap>
        </resources>
    </cache>
</config>

最后,還需要定義個緩存事件監聽器,用於記錄系統操作緩存數據的情況,最快的方法是實現CacheEventListener接口:

package com.ramostear.cache.config;

import org.ehcache.event.CacheEvent;
import org.ehcache.event.CacheEventListener;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * @author ramostear
 * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:48
 * @modify by :
 * @since:
 */
public class PersonCacheEventLogger implements CacheEventListener<Object,Object>{

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PersonCacheEventLogger.class);

    @Override
    public void onEvent(CacheEvent cacheEvent) {
        logger.info("person caching event {} {} {} {}",
                cacheEvent.getType(),
                cacheEvent.getKey(),
                cacheEvent.getOldValue(),
                cacheEvent.getNewValue());
    }
}

3. 使用@Cacheable注解

要讓Spring Boot能夠緩存我們的數據,還需要使用@Cacheable注解對業務方法進行注釋,告訴Spring Boot該方法中產生的數據需要加入到緩存中:

package com.ramostear.cache.service;

import com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @author ramostear
 * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:51
 * @modify by :
 * @since:
 */
@Service(value = "personService")
public class PersonService {

    @Cacheable(cacheNames = "person",key = "#id")
    public Person getPerson(Long id){
        Person person = new Person(id,"ramostear","ramostear@163.com");
        return person;
    }
}

通過以上三個步驟,我們就完成了Spring Boot的緩存功能。接下來,我們將測試一下緩存的實際情況。

4. 緩存測試

為了測試我們的應用程序,創建一個簡單的Restful端點,它將調用PersonService返回一個Person對象:

package com.ramostear.cache.controller;

import com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person;
import com.ramostear.cache.service.PersonService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @author ramostear
 * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:54
 * @modify by :
 * @since:
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/persons")
public class PersonController {

    @Autowired
    private PersonService personService;

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public ResponseEntity<Person> person(@PathVariable(value = "id") Long id){
        return new ResponseEntity<>(personService.getPerson(id), HttpStatus.OK);
    }
}

Person是一個簡單的POJO類:

package com.ramostear.cache.entity;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @author ramostear
 * @create-time 2019/4/7 0007-0:45
 * @modify by :
 * @since:
 */
@Getter
@Setter
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Person implements Serializable{

    private Long id;

    private String username;

    private String email;
}

以上准備工作都完成后,讓我們編譯並運行應用程序。項目成功啟動后,使用瀏覽器打開:http://localhost:8080/persons/1 ,你將在瀏覽器頁面中看到如下的信息:

{"id":1,"username":"ramostear","email":"ramostear@163.com"}

此時在觀察控制台輸出的日志信息:

1. 2019-04-07 01:08:01.001  INFO 6704 --- [nio-8080-exec-1]
o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet        : Completed
initialization in 5 ms
2. 2019-04-07 01:08:01.054  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-0]
c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event
CREATED 1 null com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@ba8a729

由於我們是第一次請求API,沒有任何緩存數據。因此,Ehcache創建了一條緩存數據,可以通過CREATED看一了解到。

我們在ehcache.xml文件中將緩存過期時間設置成了1分鍾(1),因此在一分鍾之內我們刷新瀏覽器,不會看到有新的日志輸出,一分鍾之后,緩存過期,我們再次刷新瀏覽器,將看到如下的日志輸出:

1. 2019-04-07 01:09:28.612  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-1]
c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event
EXPIRED 1 com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@a9f3c57 null
2. 2019-04-07 01:09:28.612  INFO 6704 --- [e [_default_]-1]
c.r.cache.config.PersonCacheEventLogger  : person caching event
CREATED 1 null com.ramostear.cache.entity.Person@416900ce

第一條日志提示緩存已經過期,第二條日志提示Ehcache重新創建了一條緩存數據。

結束語

在本次案例中,通過簡單的三個步驟,講解了基於 Ehcache 的 Spring Boot 應用程序緩存實現。

文章內容重在緩存實現的基本步驟與方法,簡化了具體的業務代碼,有興趣的朋友可以自行擴展,期間遇到問題也可以隨時與我聯系。

推薦去我的博客閱讀更多:

1.Java JVM、集合、多線程、新特性系列教程

2.Spring MVC、Spring Boot、Spring Cloud 系列教程

3.Maven、Git、Eclipse、Intellij IDEA 系列工具教程

4.Java、后端、架構、阿里巴巴等大廠最新面試題

覺得不錯,別忘了點贊+轉發哦!


免責聲明!

本站轉載的文章為個人學習借鑒使用,本站對版權不負任何法律責任。如果侵犯了您的隱私權益,請聯系本站郵箱yoyou2525@163.com刪除。



 
粵ICP備18138465號   © 2018-2025 CODEPRJ.COM