matlab二維矩陣可視化

1、使用imagesc函數，繪制出彩色矩陣塊

matrix_data = [1,2,3;4,5,6;7,8,9];
imagesc(matrix_data);

　　

2、原文鏈接

 

 別人寫的matrixplot函數

function matrixplot(data,varargin)
%   根據實值矩陣繪制色塊圖，用豐富的顏色和形狀形象的展示矩陣元素值的大小。
%
%   matrixplot(data) 繪制矩陣色塊圖，data為實值矩陣，每一個元素對應一個色塊，色
%                    塊顏色由元素值大小決定。
%
%   matrixplot(data, 'PARAM1',val1, 'PARAM2',val2, ...) 
%          用成對出現的參數名/參數值控制色塊的各項屬性。可用的參數名/參數值如下：
%          'FigShape' --- 設定色塊的形狀，其參數值為：
%                'Square'  --- 方形（默認）
%                'Circle'  --- 圓形
%                'Ellipse' --- 橢圓形
%                'Hexagon' --- 六邊形
%                'Dial'    --- 表盤形
%
%          'FigSize' --- 設定色塊的大小，其參數值為：
%                'Full'    --- 最大色塊（默認）
%                'Auto'    --- 根據矩陣元素值自動確定色塊大小
%
%          'FigStyle' --- 設定矩陣圖樣式，其參數值為：
%                'Auto'    --- 矩形矩陣圖（默認）
%                'Tril'    --- 下三角矩陣圖
%                'Triu'    --- 上三角矩陣圖
%
%          'FillStyle' --- 設定色塊填充樣式，其參數值為：
%                'Fill'    --- 填充色塊內部（默認）
%                'NoFill'  --- 不填充色塊內部
%
%          'DisplayOpt' --- 設定是否在色塊中顯示矩陣元素值，其參數值為：
%                'On'      --- 顯示矩陣元素值（默認）
%                'Off'     --- 不顯示矩陣元素值
%
%          'TextColor' --- 設定文字的顏色，其參數值為：
%                表示單色的字符（'r','g','b','y','m','c','w','k'）,默認為黑色
%                1行3列的紅、綠、藍三元色灰度值向量（[r,g,b]）
%                'Auto'    --- 根據矩陣元素值自動確定文字顏色
%
%          'XVarNames' --- 設定X軸方向需要顯示的變量名（默認為X1,X2,...），其參數值為：
%                字符串矩陣或字符串元胞數組，若為字符串矩陣，其行數應與data的列數相同
%                若為字符串元胞數組，其長度應與data的列數相同。
%
%          'YVarNames' --- 設定Y軸方向需要顯示的變量名（默認為Y1,Y2,...），其參數值為：
%                字符串矩陣或字符串元胞數組，若為字符串矩陣，其行數應與data的行數相同
%                若為字符串元胞數組，其長度應與data的行數相同。
%
%          'ColorBar' --- 設定是否顯示顏色條，其參數值為：
%                'On'      --- 顯示顏色條
%                'Off'     --- 不顯示顏色條（默認）
%
%          'Grid' --- 設定是否顯示網格線，其參數值為：
%                'On'      --- 顯示網格線（默認）
%                'Off'     --- 不顯示網格線
%
%   Example:
%   x = [1,-0.2,0.3,0.8,-0.5
%        -0.2,1,0.6,-0.7,0.2
%         0.3,0.6,1,0.5,-0.3
%         0.8,-0.7,0.5,1,0.7
%        -0.5,0.2,-0.3,0.7,1];
%   matrixplot(x);
%   matrixplot(x,'DisplayOpt','off');
%   matrixplot(x,'FillStyle','nofill','TextColor','Auto');
%   matrixplot(x,'TextColor',[0.7,0.7,0.7],'FigShap','s','FigSize','Auto','ColorBar','on');
%   matrixplot(x,'TextColor','k','FigShap','d','FigSize','Full','ColorBar','on','FigStyle','Triu');
%   XVarNames = {'xiezhh','heping','keda','tust','tianjin'};
%   matrixplot(x,'FigShap','e','FigSize','Auto','ColorBar','on','XVarNames',XVarNames,'YVarNames',XVarNames);
% 對第一個輸入參數類型進行判斷
if ~ismatrix(data) || ~isreal(data)
    error('輸入參數類型不匹配：第一個輸入參數應為實值矩陣');
end
 
% 解析成對出現的參數名/參數值
[FigShape,FigSize,FigStyle,FillStyle,DisplayOpt,TextColor,XVarNames,...
    YVarNames,ColorBar,GridOpt] = parseInputs(varargin{:});
 
% 產生網格數據
[m,n] = size(data);
[x,y] = meshgrid(0:n,0:m);
data = data(:);
maxdata = nanmax(data);
mindata = nanmin(data);
rangedata = maxdata - mindata;
if isnan(rangedata)
    warning('MATLAB:warning1','請檢查您輸入的矩陣是否合適！');
    return;
end
z = zeros(size(x))+0.2;
sx = x(1:end-1,1:end-1)+0.5;
sy = y(1:end-1,1:end-1)+0.5;
 
if strncmpi(FigStyle,'Tril',4)
    z(triu(ones(size(z)),2)>0) = NaN;
    sx(triu(ones(size(sx)),1)>0) = NaN;
elseif strncmpi(FigStyle,'Triu',4)
    z(tril(ones(size(z)),-2)>0) = NaN;
    sx(tril(ones(size(sx)),-1)>0) = NaN;
end
sx = sx(:);
sy = sy(:);
id = isnan(sx) | isnan(data);
sx(id) = [];
sy(id) = [];
data(id) = [];
 
if isempty(XVarNames)
    XVarNames = strcat('X',cellstr(num2str((1:n)')));
else
    if (iscell(XVarNames) && (numel(XVarNames) ~= n)) || (~iscell(XVarNames) && (size(XVarNames,1) ~= n))
        error('X軸方向變量名應為字符串矩陣或字符串元胞數組，其長度與輸入矩陣的列數相同');
    end
end
if isempty(YVarNames)
    YVarNames = strcat('Y',cellstr(num2str((1:m)')));
else
    if (iscell(YVarNames) && (numel(YVarNames) ~= m)) || (~iscell(YVarNames) && (size(YVarNames,1) ~= m))
        error('Y軸方向變量名應為字符串矩陣或字符串元胞數組，其長度與輸入矩陣的行數相同');
    end
end
 
% 繪圖
figure('color','w',...
    'units','normalized',...
    'pos',[0.289165,0.154948,0.409956,0.68099]);
axes('units','normalized','pos',[0.1,0.022,0.89,0.85]);
if strncmpi(GridOpt,'On',2)
    mesh(x,y,z,...
        'EdgeColor',[0.7,0.7,0.7],...
        'FaceAlpha',0,...
        'LineWidth',1);   % 參考網格線
end
hold on;
axis equal;
axis([-0.1,n+0.1,-0.1,m+0.1,-0.5,0.5]);
view(2);
% 設置X軸和Y軸刻度位置及標簽
set(gca,'Xtick',(1:n)-0.5,...
    'XtickLabel',XVarNames,...
    'Ytick',(1:m)-0.5,...
    'YtickLabel',YVarNames,...
    'XAxisLocation','top',...
    'YDir','reverse',...
    'Xcolor',[0.7,0.7,0.7],...
    'Ycolor',[0.7,0.7,0.7],...
    'TickLength',[0,0]);
axis off
 
% 繪制填充色塊
if strncmpi(FillStyle,'Fill',3)
    MyPatch(sx',sy',data',FigShape,FigSize);
end
 
% 顯示數值文本信息
if strncmpi(DisplayOpt,'On',2)
    str = num2str(data,'%4.2f');
    scale = 0.1*max(n/m,1)/(max(m,n)^0.55);
    if strncmpi(TextColor,'Auto',3)
        ColorMat = get(gcf,'ColorMap');
        nc = size(ColorMat,1);
        cid = fix(mapminmax(data',0,1)*nc)+1;
        cid(cid<1) = 1;
        cid(cid>nc) = nc;
        TextColor = ColorMat(cid,:);
        for i = 1:numel(data)
            text(sx(i),sy(i),0.1,str(i,:),...
                'FontUnits','normalized',...
                'FontSize',scale,...
                'fontweight','bold',...
                'HorizontalAlignment','center',...
                'Color',TextColor(i,:));
        end
    else
        text(sx,sy,0.1*ones(size(sx)),str,...
            'FontUnits','normalized',...
            'FontSize',scale,...
            'fontweight','bold',...
            'HorizontalAlignment','center',...
            'Color',TextColor);
    end
end
 
% 設置X軸和Y軸刻度標簽的縮進方式
MyTickLabel(gca,FigStyle);
 
% 添加顏色條
if strncmpi(ColorBar,'On',2)
    if any(strncmpi(FigStyle,{'Auto','Triu'},4))
        colorbar('Location','EastOutside');
    else
        colorbar('Location','SouthOutside');
    end
end
end
 
% ---------------------------------------------------
%  調整坐標軸刻度標簽子函數
% ---------------------------------------------------
function MyTickLabel(ha,tag)
 
%   根據顯示范圍自動調整坐標軸刻度標簽的函數
%   ha   坐標系句柄值
%   tag  調整坐標軸刻度標簽的標識字符串，可用取值如下：
%        'Auto' --- 將x軸刻度標簽旋轉90度，y軸刻度標簽不作調整
%        'Tril' --- 將x軸刻度標簽旋轉90度，並依次縮進，y軸刻度標簽不作調整
%        'Triu' --- 將x軸刻度標簽旋轉90度，y軸刻度標簽依次縮進
%   Example:
%   MyTickLabel(gca,'Tril');
if ~ishandle(ha)
    warning('MATLAB:warning2','第一個輸入參數應為坐標系句柄');
    return;
end
 
if ~strcmpi(get(ha,'type'),'axes')
    warning('MATLAB:warning3','第一個輸入參數應為坐標系句柄');
    return;
end
axes(ha);
xstr = get(ha,'XTickLabel');
xtick = get(ha,'XTick');
xl = xlim(ha);
ystr = get(ha,'YTickLabel');
ytick = get(ha,'YTick');
yl = ylim(ha);
set(ha,'XTickLabel',[],'YTickLabel',[]);
x = zeros(size(ytick)) + xl(1) - range(xl)/30;
y = zeros(size(xtick)) + yl(1) - range(yl)/70;
nx = numel(xtick);
ny = numel(ytick);
 
if strncmpi(tag,'Tril',4)
    y = y + (1:nx) - 1;
elseif strncmpi(tag,'Triu',4)
    x = x + (1:ny) - 1;
end
 
text(xtick,y,xstr,...
    'rotation',90,...
    'Interpreter','none',...
    'color','r',...
    'HorizontalAlignment','left');
text(x,ytick,ystr,...
    'Interpreter','none',...
    'color','r',...
    'HorizontalAlignment','right');
end
 
% ---------------------------------------------------
%  根據散點數據繪制3維色塊圖子函數
% ---------------------------------------------------
function  MyPatch(x,y,z,FigShape,FigSize)
%   根據散點數據繪制3維色塊圖
%   MyPatch(x,y,z,FigShape,FigSize)  x,y,z是實值數組，用來指定色塊中心點三維
%          坐標。FigShape是字符串變量，用來指定色塊形狀。
%          FigSize是字符串變量，用來指定色塊大小。
%
%   Example：
%         x = rand(10,1);
%         y = rand(10,1);
%         z = rand(10,1);
%         MyPatch(x,y,z,'s','Auto');
%
 
% 輸入參數類型判斷
if nargin < 3
    error('至少需要三個輸入參數');
end
if ~isreal(x) || ~isreal(y) || ~isreal(z)
    error('前三個輸入應為實值數組');
end
n = numel(z);
if numel(x) ~= n || numel(y) ~= n
    error('坐標應等長');
end
if strncmpi(FigSize,'Auto',3) && ~strncmpi(FigShape,'Ellipse',1)
    id = (z == 0);
    x(id) = [];
    y(id) = [];
    z(id) = [];
end
if isempty(z)
    return;
end
% 求色塊頂點坐標
rab1 = ones(size(z));
maxz = max(abs(z));
if maxz == 0
    maxz = 1;
end
rab2 = abs(z)/maxz;
if strncmpi(FigShape,'Square',1)
    % 方形
    if strncmpi(FigSize,'Full',3)
        r = rab1;
    else
        r = sqrt(rab2);
    end
    SquareVertices(x,y,z,r);
elseif strncmpi(FigShape,'Circle',1)
    % 圓形
    if strncmpi(FigSize,'Full',3)
        r = 0.5*rab1;
    else
        r = 0.5*sqrt(rab2);
    end
    CircleVertices(x,y,z,r);
elseif strncmpi(FigShape,'Ellipse',1)
    % 橢圓形
    a = 0.48 + rab2*(0.57-0.48);
    b = (1-rab2).*a;
    EllipseVertices(x,y,z,a,b);
elseif strncmpi(FigShape,'Hexagon',1)
    % 六邊形
    if strncmpi(FigSize,'Full',3)
        r = 0.5*rab1;
    else
        r = 0.5*sqrt(rab2);
    end
    HexagonVertices(x,y,z,r);
else
    % 表盤形
    if strncmpi(FigSize,'Full',3)
        r = 0.45*rab1;
    else
        r = 0.45*sqrt(rab2);
    end
    DialVertices(x,y,z,r);
end
end
%--------------------------------------------------
% 求色塊頂點坐標並繪制色塊的子函數
%--------------------------------------------------
function SquareVertices(x,y,z,r)
% 方形
hx = r/2;
hy = hx;
Xp = [x-hx;x-hx;x+hx;x+hx;x-hx];
Yp = [y-hy;y+hy;y+hy;y-hy;y-hy];
Zp = repmat(z,[5,1]);
patch(Xp,Yp,Zp,'FaceColor','flat','EdgeColor','flat');
end
function CircleVertices(x,y,z,r)
% 圓形
t = linspace(0,2*pi,30)';
m = numel(t);
Xp = repmat(x,[m,1])+cos(t)*r;
Yp = repmat(y,[m,1])+sin(t)*r;
Zp = repmat(z,[m,1]);
patch(Xp,Yp,Zp,'FaceColor','flat','EdgeColor','flat');
end
function EllipseVertices(x,y,z,a,b)
% 橢圓形
t = linspace(0,2*pi,30)';
m = numel(t);
t0 = -sign(z)*pi/4;
t0 = repmat(t0,[m,1]);
x0 = cos(t)*a;
y0 = sin(t)*b;
Xp = repmat(x,[m,1]) + x0.*cos(t0) - y0.*sin(t0);
Yp = repmat(y,[m,1]) + x0.*sin(t0) + y0.*cos(t0);
Zp = repmat(z,[m,1]);
patch(Xp,Yp,Zp,'FaceColor','flat','EdgeColor','flat');
end
function HexagonVertices(x,y,z,r)
% 六邊形
t = linspace(0,2*pi,7)';
m = numel(t);
Xp = repmat(x,[m,1])+cos(t)*r;
Yp = repmat(y,[m,1])+sin(t)*r;
Zp = repmat(z,[m,1]);
patch(Xp,Yp,Zp,'FaceColor','flat','EdgeColor','flat');
end
function DialVertices(x,y,z,r)
% 表盤形
% 繪制表盤扇形
maxz = max(abs(z));
t0 = z*2*pi/maxz-pi/2;
t0 = cell2mat(arrayfun(@(x)linspace(-pi/2,x,30)',t0,'UniformOutput',0));
m = size(t0,1);
r0 = repmat(r,[m,1]);
Xp = [x;repmat(x,[m,1]) + r0.*cos(t0);x];
Yp = [y;repmat(y,[m,1]) + r0.*sin(t0);y];
Zp = repmat(z,[m+2,1]);
patch(Xp,Yp,Zp,'FaceColor','flat','EdgeColor',[0,0,0]);
% 繪制表盤圓周
t = linspace(0,2*pi,30)';
m = numel(t);
Xp = repmat(x,[m,1])+cos(t)*r;
Yp = repmat(y,[m,1])+sin(t)*r;
Zp = repmat(z,[m,1]);
Xp = [Xp;flipud(Xp)];
Yp = [Yp;flipud(Yp)];
Zp = [Zp;flipud(Zp)];
patch(Xp,Yp,Zp,'FaceColor','flat','EdgeColor',[0,0,0]);
end
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
%  解析輸入參數子函數1
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
function [FigShape,FigSize,FigStyle,FillStyle,DisplayOpt,TextColor,...
    XVarNames,YVarNames,ColorBar,GridOpt] = parseInputs(varargin)
if mod(nargin,2)~=0
    error('輸入參數個數不對，應為成對出現');
end
pnames = {'FigShape','FigSize','FigStyle','FillStyle','DisplayOpt',...
    'TextColor','XVarNames','YVarNames','ColorBar','Grid'};
dflts =  {'Square','Full','Auto','Fill','On','k','','','Off','On'};
[FigShape,FigSize,FigStyle,FillStyle,DisplayOpt,TextColor,XVarNames,...
    YVarNames,ColorBar,GridOpt] = parseArgs(pnames, dflts, varargin{:});
validateattributes(FigShape,{'char'},{'nonempty'},mfilename,'FigShape');
validateattributes(FigSize,{'char'},{'nonempty'},mfilename,'FigSize');
validateattributes(FigStyle,{'char'},{'nonempty'},mfilename,'FigStyle');
validateattributes(FillStyle,{'char'},{'nonempty'},mfilename,'FillStyle');
validateattributes(DisplayOpt,{'char'},{'nonempty'},mfilename,'DisplayOpt');
validateattributes(TextColor,{'char','numeric'},{'nonempty'},mfilename,'TextColor');
validateattributes(XVarNames,{'char','cell'},{},mfilename,'XVarNames');
validateattributes(YVarNames,{'char','cell'},{},mfilename,'YVarNames');
validateattributes(ColorBar,{'char'},{'nonempty'},mfilename,'ColorBar');
validateattributes(GridOpt,{'char'},{'nonempty'},mfilename,'Grid');
if ~any(strncmpi(FigShape,{'Square','Circle','Ellipse','Hexagon','Dial'},1))
    error('形狀參數只能為Square, Circle, Ellipse, Hexagon, Dial 之一');
end
if ~any(strncmpi(FigSize,{'Full','Auto'},3))
    error('圖形大小參數只能為Full, Auto 之一');
end
if ~any(strncmpi(FigStyle,{'Auto','Tril','Triu'},4))
    error('圖形樣式參數只能為Auto, Tril, Triu 之一');
end
if ~any(strncmpi(FillStyle,{'Fill','NoFill'},3))
    error('圖形填充樣式參數只能為Fill, NoFill 之一');
end
if ~any(strncmpi(DisplayOpt,{'On','Off'},2))
    error('顯示數值參數只能為On，Off 之一');
end
if ~any(strncmpi(ColorBar,{'On','Off'},2))
    error('顯示顏色條參數只能為On，Off 之一');
end
if ~any(strncmpi(GridOpt,{'On','Off'},2))
    error('顯示網格參數只能為On，Off 之一');
end
end
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
%  解析輸入參數子函數2
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
function [varargout] = parseArgs(pnames,dflts,varargin)
%   Copyright 2010-2011 The MathWorks, Inc.
%   $Revision: 1.1.6.2 $  $Date: 2011/05/09 01:27:26 $
% Initialize some variables
nparams = length(pnames);
varargout = dflts;
setflag = false(1,nparams);
unrecog = {};
nargs = length(varargin);
dosetflag = nargout>nparams;
dounrecog = nargout>(nparams+1);
 
% Must have name/value pairs
if mod(nargs,2)~=0
    m = message('stats:internal:parseArgs:WrongNumberArgs');
    throwAsCaller(MException(m.Identifier, '%s', getString(m)));
end
 
% Process name/value pairs
for j=1:2:nargs
    pname = varargin{j};
    if ~ischar(pname)
        m = message('stats:internal:parseArgs:IllegalParamName');
        throwAsCaller(MException(m.Identifier, '%s', getString(m)));
    end
    
    mask = strncmpi(pname,pnames,length(pname)); % look for partial match
    if ~any(mask)
        if dounrecog
            % if they've asked to get back unrecognized names/values, add this
            % one to the list
            unrecog((end+1):(end+2)) = {varargin{j} varargin{j+1}};
            continue
        else
            % otherwise, it's an error
            m = message('stats:internal:parseArgs:BadParamName',pname);
            throwAsCaller(MException(m.Identifier, '%s', getString(m)));
        end
    elseif sum(mask)>1
        mask = strcmpi(pname,pnames); % use exact match to resolve ambiguity
        if sum(mask)~=1
            m = message('stats:internal:parseArgs:AmbiguousParamName',pname);
            throwAsCaller(MException(m.Identifier, '%s', getString(m)));
        end
    end
    varargout{mask} = varargin{j+1};
    setflag(mask) = true;
end
 
% Return extra stuff if requested
if dosetflag
    varargout{nparams+1} = setflag;
    if dounrecog
        varargout{nparams+2} = unrecog;
    end
end
end