Python接口測試課程(第四天)-接口測試框架實現

目錄

Python接口測試課程(第一天)-Python基礎
Python接口測試課程(第二天)-接口測試快速實踐
Python接口測試課程(第三天)-接口安全驗證,參數化及斷言
Python接口測試課程(第四天)-接口測試框架實現

PDF下載：鏈接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1x3_LYq23F_1LviGVbRNFXw 密碼:xrcj

更多學習資料請加添加作者微信：superz-han 獲取

第四天: Python接口測試框架

什么是框架

目前主流接口測試方案

• 工具派
• Java派
• Python派
• 接口平台

框架類型

• 錄制回放
• 數據驅動
• 行為驅動

框架的分層與規划

框架分層

• 表示層: (用戶界面)
• 業務邏輯層: (讀取數據,配置並組裝發送請求)+執行控制層(pytest)
• 數據層: (配置讀取/數據讀取/數據庫連接/其他(log/email)

框架規划

• case: 測試用例目錄
  • user: (用戶模塊)
    • test_user.py: 測試用例
  • case.py: 用例公共方法
• data: 數據文件目錄
  • test_user_data.xlsx: 測試用例數據文件
• conf: 配置文件目錄
  • default.conf: 默認配置文件
• report: pytest生成的報告保存路徑
• log: log保存路徑,按天生成log
• common: 公共方法目錄
  • config.py: 配置文件讀取
  • data.py: 數據文件讀取
  • db.py: 數據庫連接
  • log.py: 日志配置
  • send_email.py: 發送郵件配置

框架實現

conf/default.conf: 表示層-項目配置文件

[runtime]
log_level=debug
report_dir=report
log_dir=log
timeout=10

[server]
test = http://127.0.0.1:5000
stage = http://127.0.0.1:6000
prod = http://127.0.0.1:7000

[db_test]
host = localhost
port = 3307
db = api
user = root
passwd = 

[db_stage]

[db_prod]

[email]
server = smtp.sina.com
user = [e-mail]
pwd =  ******
subject = Api Test Ressult
receiver = [e-mail]

data/test_user_data.xlsx: 表示層-用例數據文件

• reg表(sheet名為reg)

TestCase	Url	Method	DataType	Data	Code	Msg
test_reg_normal	/api/user/reg/	POST	JSON	{"name": "{NAME}", "passwd": "123456"}	100000	成功

• login表(sheet名為login)

TestCase	Url	Method	DataType	Data	ResponseText
test_login_normal	/api/user/login/	POST	FORM	{"name": "張三", "passwd": "123456"}	登錄成功

• SQL表(sheet名為SQL)

checkUser	select * from user where name={NAME}
checkUserPasswd	select * from user where name={NAME} and passwd={PASSWD}

common/config.py:數據層-config文件讀取

"""
1. 從配置文件中獲取各個段信息
2. 返回一個項目的絕對路徑
"""
import os
import configparser

# 相對導入包的問題

pro_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


class Config(object):
    def __init__(self, filename="default.conf"):
        self.cf = configparser.ConfigParser()
        self.cf.read(os.path.join(pro_path,"conf",filename))
        
    def get_runtime(self, option):
        return self.cf.get("runtime", option)

    def get_server(self, option):
        return self.cf.get("server", option)

    def get_db_test(self, option):
        return self.cf.get("db_test", option)

    def get_email(self, option):
        return self.cf.get("email",option)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    c = Config()
    print(c.get_runtime("log_level"))
    print(c.get_server("test"))

data.py: 數據層-數據文件讀取

"""
1. 從Excel中讀取接口的數據
2. 讀取Sql命令
"""
import xlrd
import sys
import os
sys.path.append("..")
from common.config import pro_path

class Data(object):
    def __init__(self, filename):
        data_file_path = os.path.join(pro_path,"data",filename)   
        self.wb = xlrd.open_workbook("../data/test_user_data.xlsx")

    def get_case(self,sheet_name, case_name):
        sh = self.wb.sheet_by_name(sheet_name)
        for i in range(1, sh.nrows):
            if sh.cell(i,0).value == case_name:
                return sh.row_values(i)

        print("用例名未找到")
        return None

    def get_sql(self, sql_name):
        sh = self.wb.sheet_by_name("SQL")
        for i in range(sh.nrows):
            if sh.cell(i,0).value == sql_name:
                return sh.cell(i,1).value
        print("sql未找到")
        return None

if __name__ == "__main__":
    d = Data("test_user_data.xlsx")
    print(d.get_case("reg","test_reg_normal"))
    print(d.get_sql("checkUser"))

db.py: 數據層-數據庫連接

"""
1. 從配置文件中讀取數據庫配置
2. 連接數據庫
3. 執行sql並返回所有結果
"""
import sys
import pymysql
sys.path.append("..")
from common.config import Config

class DB(object):
    def __init__(self):
        c = Config()
        self.conn = pymysql.connect(host=c.get_db_test("host"),
                                    port=int(c.get_db_test("port")),
                                    db=c.get_db_test("db"),
                                    user=c.get_db_test("user"),
                                    passwd=c.get_db_test("passwd"),
                                    charset="utf8")

        self.cur = self.conn.cursor()

    def do_sql(self, sql):
        self.cur.execute(sql)
        return self.cur.fetchall()

    def __del__(self):
        self.cur.close()
        self.conn.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    db = DB()
    print(db.do_sql("select * from user"))

log.py: 數據層-log配置

"""
1. 配置log輸出格式 time - loglevel - file - func - line - msg
2. 支持輸出到log文件及屏幕
3. 支持返回一個logger,讓其他模塊調用
"""
import sys
sys.path.append("..")

from common.config import Config, pro_path
import time
import logging
import os

class Log():
    @classmethod
    def config_log(cls):
        cf = Config()
        log_dir = os.path.join(pro_path, cf.get_runtime("log_dir"))
        today = time.strftime("%Y%m%d", time.localtime(time.time()))
        log_file = os.path.join(log_dir, today+".log")

        # 獲取一個標准的logger, 配置loglevel
        cls.logger = logging.getLogger()
        cls.logger.setLevel(eval("logging." + cf.get_runtime("log_level").upper()))

        # 建立不同handler
        fh = logging.FileHandler(log_file, mode="a",encoding=‘utf-8’)
        ch = logging.StreamHandler()

        # 定義輸出格式
        ft = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] - %(levelname)s: %(message)s")
        fh.setFormatter(ft)
        ch.setFormatter(ft)

        # 把定制handler 添加到我們logger
        cls.logger.addHandler(fh)
        cls.logger.addHandler(ch)

    @classmethod
    def get_logger(cls):
        cls.config_log()
        return cls.logger

if __name__ == "__main__":
    l= Log.get_logger()
    l.info("abc")
    l.debug("hello, debug")

send_email.py: 數據層-郵件服務器連接

"""
1. 從配置文件中讀取stmp配置
2. 從report文件夾下打開report.html,發送郵件
"""
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import os
import sys
sys.path.append("..")
from common.config import Config, pro_path
from common.log import Log


def send_email(report_name):
    cf = Config()
    logger = Log.get_logger()
    report_file = os.path.join(pro_path, cf.get_runtime("report_dir"),report_name)

    with open(report_file, "rb") as f:
        body = f.read()

    # 格式化email正文
    msg = MIMEText(body, "html", "utf-8")

    # 配置email頭
    msg["Subject"] = cf.get_email("subject")
    msg["From"] = cf.get_email("user")
    msg["To"] = cf.get_email("receiver")

    
    # 連接smtp服務器,發送郵件
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
    smtp.connect(cf.get_email("server"))
    smtp.login(cf.get_email("user"),cf.get_email("pwd"))
    smtp.sendmail(cf.get_email("user"), cf.get_email("receiver"), msg.as_string())
    print("郵件發送成功")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    send_email("report.html")

case/case.py: 業務邏輯層, 為用例執行封裝方法

"""
1. 加載數據
2. 發送接口
3. 為用例封裝一些方法

"""
import sys
sys.path.append("..")
from common.log import Log
from common.config import Config
from common.db import DB
from common.data import Data
import json
import requests


class Case(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.logger = Log.get_logger()
        self.cf = Config()

    def load_data(self, data_file):
        self.data = Data(data_file)

    def set_env(self, env):
        self.env = env

    def run_case(self, sheet_name, case_name, var={}):
        case_data = self.data.get_case(sheet_name, case_name)

        url = self.cf.get_server(self.env) + case_data[1]
        data = case_data[4].format(**var)
        
        if case_data[3].lower() == "form":
            data = json.loads(data)
            headers = {}
        else:
            headers = {"content-type": "application/json"}

        if case_data[2].lower() == "get":
            resp = requests.get(url=url)
        else:
            resp = requests.post(url=url, headers=headers, data=data)
        return resp.text
        
    def check_response(self):
        pass
    
    def check_db(self, sql_name, vars={}):
        sql = self.data.get_sql(sql_name).format(**vars)
        return self.db.exec_sql(sql)
        

if __name__ == "__main__":
    c = Case()
    c.set_env("test")
    c.load_data("test_user_data.xlsx")
    r = c.run_case("login", "test_login_normal")
    print(r)

case/user/test_user.py: 表示層: 測試用例腳本

import sys
import random
import pytest
sys.path.append("../..")
from case.case import Case

case = Case()

def setup_module(module):
    case.set_env('dev')
    case.load_data('test_user_data.xlsx')

def test_login_normal():
    result case.run("login", "test_login_normal")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(["-q", "test_user.py"])

run_all.py: 表示層: 執行所有用例入口

import os
import time
from util.config import Config
from util.e_mail import send_email
import pytest

def main():
    cf = Config()
    report_dir = cf.get_report_dir()
    now = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S', time.localtime(time.time()))
    report_name = os.path.join(report_dir, 'report_' + now + '.html')
    pytest.main(["-q", "case", "--html=" + report_name])
    send_email(report_name)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()