案例:用戶的注冊和登錄功能

本文轉載自查看原文 2020-04-12 16:42 917 Java Web/ 案例

知識點

①MVC設計模式

②文件上傳功能

③驗證碼的校驗

什么是MVC?

JavaWeb開發歷程

案例實現

1)環境搭建

用戶注冊

　　- 用戶信息的保存

　　- 用戶頭像的上傳

如果注冊成功會跳轉到登陸頁面

創建一個工程

將樣式,圖片和頁面放到webcontent目錄下

將需要用到的jar包放到lib目錄中

將工程發布到tomcat

2)用戶列表初始化

這個案例將賬戶數據存放在了集合中放到servlet的全局域.

知識點:監聽器

domain 實體類:User類

service 接口,用於處理業務邏輯

utils 工具類

listener 監聽器:初始化用戶信息監聽器

servlet servlet類

User.java

 1 package com.imooc.domain;
 2 
 3 public class User {
 4     private String username;
 5     private String password;
 6     
 7     private String path;
 8 
 9     public String getUsername() {
10         return username;
11     }
12 
13     public void setUsername(String username) {
14         this.username = username;
15     }
16 
17     public String getPassword() {
18         return password;
19     }
20 
21     public void setPassword(String password) {
22         this.password = password;
23     }
24 
25     public String getPath() {
26         return path;
27     }
28 
29     public void setPath(String path) {
30         this.path = path;
31     }
32 
33     @Override
34     public String toString() {
35         return "User [username=" + username + ", password=" + password + ", path=" + path + "]";
36     }
37     
38     
39 }

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監聽器

3)注冊頁面的表單校驗

注冊頁面的form表單

script標簽

4)用戶信息保存

form表單

接口

注冊servlet

5)上傳文件功能

原理分析:

但這時接收到的請求參數只有文件名,沒有文件

增加enctype屬性

原理:拿到請求后,對請求做一個相應的解析

fileload簡介:

官網地址:http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-fileupload/

UploadServlet

 1 package com.imooc.servlet;
 2 
 3 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 4 import java.io.IOException;
 5 import java.io.InputStream;
 6 import java.io.OutputStream;
 7 import java.util.List;
 8 
 9 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
10 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
11 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
12 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
13 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
14 
15 import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
16 import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
17 import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
18 import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
19 
20 @WebServlet("/UploadServlet")
21 public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {
22     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
23 
24     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
25     
26         // 1.創建磁盤文件項工廠
27         DiskFileItemFactory diskFileItemFactory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
28         // 2.創建核心解析類
29         ServletFileUpload fileUpload = new ServletFileUpload(diskFileItemFactory);
30         // 3.解析請求對象,將請求分成幾個部分(FileItem)
31         try {
32             List<FileItem> list= fileUpload.parseRequest(request);
33             // 4.遍歷集合獲得每個部分的對象
34             for(FileItem fileItem:list){
35                 // 判斷是普通項還是文件上傳項
36                 if(fileItem.isFormField()){
37                     // 普通項
38                     // 獲得普通項的名稱:
39                     String name = fileItem.getFieldName();
40                     // 獲得普通項的值:
41                     String value = fileItem.getString("UTF-8");
42                     System.out.println(name+"  "+value);
43                 }else{
44                     // 文件上傳項
45                     // 獲得文件的名稱:
46                     String fileName = fileItem.getName();
47                     // 獲得文件的輸入流:
48                     InputStream is = fileItem.getInputStream();
49                     // 需要將文件寫入到服務器的某個路徑即可:
50                     String path = getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
51                     System.out.println(path);
52                     // 創建輸出流 與 輸入流進行對接:
53                     OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(path+"\\"+fileName);
54                     int len = 0;
55                     byte[] b = new byte[1024];
56                     while((len = is.read(b))!=-1){
57                         os.write(b, 0, len);
58                     }
59                     is.close();
60                     os.close();
61                 }
62             }
63         } catch (FileUploadException e) {
64             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
65             e.printStackTrace();
66         }
67     
68     }
69 
70     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
71         doGet(request, response);
72     }
73 
74 }

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6)用戶頭像上傳

  1 package com.imooc.web.servlet;
  2 
  3 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
  4 import java.io.IOException;
  5 import java.io.InputStream;
  6 import java.io.OutputStream;
  7 import java.util.HashMap;
  8 import java.util.List;
  9 import java.util.Map;
 10 
 11 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 12 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
 13 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
 14 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 15 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 16 
 17 import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
 18 import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
 19 import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
 20 import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
 21 
 22 import com.imooc.domain.User;
 23 import com.imooc.service.UserService;
 24 import com.imooc.service.impl.UserServiceImpl;
 25 import com.imooc.utils.UploadUtils;
 26 
 27 @WebServlet("/RegistServlet")
 28 public class RegistServlet extends HttpServlet {
 29     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
 30 
 31     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
 32             throws ServletException, IOException {
 33         // 接收數據
 34         // 創建Map集合用於保存數據:
 35         Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
 36         // 文件上傳的代碼:
 37         // 1.創建磁盤文件項工廠
 38         DiskFileItemFactory diskFileItemFactory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
 39         // 2.創建核心解析類
 40         ServletFileUpload fileUpload = new ServletFileUpload(diskFileItemFactory);
 41         // 3.解析請求對象,將請求分成幾個部分(FileItem)
 42         try {
 43             List<FileItem> list = fileUpload.parseRequest(request);
 44             // 4.遍歷集合獲得每個部分的對象
 45             for (FileItem fileItem : list) {
 46                 // 判斷是普通項還是文件上傳項
 47                 if (fileItem.isFormField()) {
 48                     // 普通項--用戶名(username--輸入的值) 密碼 確認密碼
 49                     // 獲得普通項的名稱:
 50                     String name = fileItem.getFieldName();
 51                     // 獲得普通項的值:
 52                     String value = fileItem.getString("UTF-8");
 53                     // 保存數據:
 54                     map.put(name, value);
 55                 } else {
 56                     // 文件上傳項
 57                     // 獲得文件的名稱:
 58                     String fileName = fileItem.getName();
 59                     // 獲得唯一文件名:
 60                     String uuidFileName = UploadUtils.getUuidFileName(fileName);
 61                     // 獲得文件的輸入流:
 62                     InputStream is = fileItem.getInputStream();
 63                     // 需要將文件寫入到服務器的某個路徑即可:
 64                     String path = getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload");
 65                     System.out.println(path);// D:/xxx/ddd/
 66                     // 顯示圖片<img src="/regist_login/upload/a.jpg">
 67                     // 創建輸出流 與 輸入流進行對接:
 68                     String url = path + "\\" + uuidFileName;
 69                     map.put("path", request.getContextPath()+"/upload/"+uuidFileName);
 70                     OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(url);
 71                     int len = 0;
 72                     byte[] b = new byte[1024];
 73                     while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) {
 74                         os.write(b, 0, len);
 75                     }
 76                     is.close();
 77                     os.close();
 78                 }
 79             }
 80         } catch (FileUploadException e) {
 81             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
 82             e.printStackTrace();
 83         }
 84 
 85         // 封裝數據
 86         User user = new User();
 87         user.setUsername(map.get("username"));
 88         user.setPassword(map.get("password"));
 89         
 90         user.setPath(map.get("path"));
 91         System.out.println(user);
 92         // 處理數據
 93         UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();
 94         // 從ServletContext域中獲取用戶的集合即可
 95         List<User> userList = (List<User>) getServletContext().getAttribute("userList");
 96         userService.regist(userList, user);
 97         System.out.println(userList);
 98         // 顯示處理結果
 99         response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/login.jsp");
100     }
101 
102     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
103             throws ServletException, IOException {
104         doGet(request, response);
105     }
106 
107 }

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7)解決文件名重名問題

 1 package com.imooc.utils;
 2 
 3 import java.util.UUID;
 4 
 5 public class UploadUtils {
 6     
 7     public static String getUuidFileName(String fileName){
 8         // 解決文件重名的問題:   
 9         // a.jpg  -- 獲得后綴名.jpg -- 生成一段隨機字符串將a替換掉 xxdfwerw.jpg
10         int idx = fileName.lastIndexOf(".");
11         String exName = fileName.substring(idx);// .jpg
12         // 生成隨機字符串:
13         String uuidFileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "")+exName;
14     
15         return uuidFileName;
16     }
17     
18     public static void main(String[] args) {
19         System.out.println(UploadUtils.getUuidFileName("a.jpg"));
20     }
21 }

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8)登錄功能

用戶信息查詢

loginservlet

 1 package com.imooc.web.servlet;
 2 
 3 import java.io.IOException;
 4 import java.util.List;
 5 
 6 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 7 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
 9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
11 
12 import com.imooc.domain.User;
13 import com.imooc.service.UserService;
14 import com.imooc.service.impl.UserServiceImpl;
15 
16 @WebServlet("/LoginServlet")
17 public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
18     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
19 
20     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
21         
22         // 接收數據:
23         String username = request.getParameter("username");
24         String password = request.getParameter("password");
25         // 封裝數據:
26         User user = new User();
27         user.setUsername(username);
28         user.setPassword(password);
29         // 處理數據:完成登陸.
30         UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();
31         // 獲得用戶列表的集合:
32         List<User> userList = (List<User>)getServletContext().getAttribute("userList");
33         User existUser = userService.login(userList,user);
34         // 顯示結果:
35         if(existUser == null){
36             // 登錄失敗
37             request.setAttribute("msg", "用戶名或密碼錯誤!");
38             request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
39         }else{
40             // 登錄成功
41             // 將用戶信息保存:
42             request.getSession().setAttribute("existUser", existUser);
43             response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
44         }
45     }
46 
47     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
48         doGet(request, response);
49     }
50 
51 }

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接口實現類

 1 package com.imooc.service.impl;
 2 
 3 import java.util.List;
 4 
 5 import com.imooc.domain.User;
 6 import com.imooc.service.UserService;
 7 
 8 public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
 9 
10     @Override
11     public void regist(List<User> userList, User user) {
12         // 保存用戶信息:
13         userList.add(user);
14     }
15 
16     @Override
17     public User login(List<User> userList, User user) {
18         
19         for (User existUser : userList) {
20             if(existUser.getUsername().equals(user.getUsername()) && existUser.getPassword().equals(user.getPassword())){
21                 return existUser;
22             }
23         }
24         
25         return null;
26     }
27 
28 }

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首頁頭部:設置登錄成功和失敗的樣式

1 <c:if test="${ empty existUser }">
2          <li><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/login.jsp">登錄</a></li>
3         <li><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/register.jsp">注冊</a></li>
4      </c:if>    
5      <c:if test="${ not empty existUser}">
6         <li>
7             <img class="profile_item" src="${ existUser.path }">
8         </li>
9     </c:if>

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9)驗證碼的生成與校驗

概述

生成

驗證碼生成准備工作:

servlet

 1 package com.imooc.web.servlet;
 2 
 3 import java.awt.Color;
 4 import java.awt.Font;
 5 import java.awt.Graphics;
 6 import java.awt.Graphics2D;
 7 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
 8 import java.io.IOException;
 9 import java.util.Random;
10 
11 import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
12 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
13 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
14 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
15 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
16 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
17 
18 @WebServlet("/CheckImgServlet1")
19 public class CheckImgServlet1 extends HttpServlet {
20     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
21 
22     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
23         
24     }
25 
26     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
27         doGet(request, response);
28     }
29 
30 }

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頁面

 1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
 2     pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 4 <html>
 5 <head>
 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
 7 <title>Insert title here</title>
 8 </head>
 9 <body>
10     <form action="" method="post">
11         驗證碼:<input type="text" name="checkcode"/><img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/CheckImgServlet"><br/>
12         <input type="submit" value="提交">
13     </form>
14 </body>
15 </html>

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將內存中圖片顯示到瀏覽器

servlet

字母隨機旋轉一定角度

 1 package com.imooc.web.servlet;
 2 
 3 import java.awt.Color;
 4 import java.awt.Font;
 5 import java.awt.Graphics;
 6 import java.awt.Graphics2D;
 7 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
 8 import java.io.IOException;
 9 import java.util.Random;
10 
11 import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
12 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
13 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
14 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
15 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
16 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
17 
18 @WebServlet("/CheckImgServlet1")
19 public class CheckImgServlet1 extends HttpServlet {
20     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
21 
22     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
23         int width = 120;
24         int height = 30;
25         // 步驟一:在內存中生成一張圖片
26         BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
27         // 步驟二:操作該圖片,設置背景色及繪制邊框
28         Graphics graphics = bufferedImage.getGraphics();
29         // 設置背景色
30         graphics.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
31         graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
32         // 繪制邊框
33         graphics.setColor(Color.BLUE);
34         graphics.drawRect(0, 0, width-1, height-1);
35         
36         // 步驟三:生成隨機的四個字母或數字,寫入到圖片中
37         Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D)graphics;
38         g2d.setColor(Color.BLACK);
39         g2d.setFont(new Font("宋體",Font.BOLD,18));//a 4 3 r
40         
41         String words = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
42         Random random = new Random();
43         int x = 10;
44         for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
45             int idx = random.nextInt(words.length());
46             // 獲得指定位置的字符
47             char ch = words.charAt(idx);
48             // 旋轉的角度  -30 到 30 之間
49             int jiaodu = random.nextInt(60) - 30;
50             // 將角度轉化成弧度:
51             double theta = jiaodu * Math.PI / 180;
52             g2d.rotate(theta, x, 20);
53             g2d.drawString(String.valueOf(ch), x, 20);
54             g2d.rotate(-theta, x, 20);
55             
56             x+=30;
57         }
58         // 步驟四:將內存中的圖片,進行輸出
59         ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "jpg", response.getOutputStream());
60     }
61 
62     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
63         doGet(request, response);
64     }
65 
66 }

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添加干擾線以及設置字母隨機顏色

  1 package com.imooc.web.servlet;
  2 
  3 import java.awt.Color;
  4 import java.awt.Font;
  5 import java.awt.Graphics;
  6 import java.awt.Graphics2D;
  7 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
  8 import java.io.IOException;
  9 import java.util.Random;
 10 
 11 import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
 12 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 13 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
 14 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
 15 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 16 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 17 
 18 /**
 19  * 生成驗證碼圖片
 20  */
 21 @WebServlet("/CheckImgServlet")
 22 public class CheckImgServlet extends HttpServlet {
 23 
 24     public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
 25             throws ServletException, IOException {
 26 
 27         int width = 120;
 28         int height = 30;
 29 
 30         // 步驟一 繪制一張內存中圖片
 31         BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height,
 32                 BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
 33 
 34         // 步驟二 圖片繪制背景顏色 ---通過繪圖對象
 35         Graphics graphics = bufferedImage.getGraphics();// 得到畫圖對象 --- 畫筆
 36         // 繪制任何圖形之前 都必須指定一個顏色
 37         graphics.setColor(getRandColor(200, 250));
 38         graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
 39 
 40         // 步驟三 繪制邊框
 41         graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);
 42         graphics.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1);
 43 
 44         // 步驟四 四個隨機數字
 45         Graphics2D graphics2d = (Graphics2D) graphics;
 46         // 設置輸出字體
 47         graphics2d.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 18));
 48 
 49         String words =
 50          "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890";
 51         // String words = "\u7684\u4e00\u4e86\u662f\u6211\u4e0d\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u6709\u6765\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e0a\u7740\u4e2a\u5730\u5230\u5927\u91cc\u8bf4\u5c31\u53bb\u5b50\u5f97\u4e5f\u548c\u90a3\u8981\u4e0b\u770b\u5929\u65f6\u8fc7\u51fa\u5c0f\u4e48\u8d77\u4f60\u90fd\u628a\u597d\u8fd8\u591a\u6ca1\u4e3a\u53c8\u53ef\u5bb6\u5b66\u53ea\u4ee5\u4e3b\u4f1a\u6837\u5e74\u60f3\u751f\u540c\u8001\u4e2d\u5341\u4ece\u81ea\u9762\u524d\u5934\u9053\u5b83\u540e\u7136\u8d70\u5f88\u50cf\u89c1\u4e24\u7528\u5979\u56fd\u52a8\u8fdb\u6210\u56de\u4ec0\u8fb9\u4f5c\u5bf9\u5f00\u800c\u5df1\u4e9b\u73b0\u5c71\u6c11\u5019\u7ecf\u53d1\u5de5\u5411\u4e8b\u547d\u7ed9\u957f\u6c34\u51e0\u4e49\u4e09\u58f0\u4e8e\u9ad8\u624b\u77e5\u7406\u773c\u5fd7\u70b9\u5fc3\u6218\u4e8c\u95ee\u4f46\u8eab\u65b9\u5b9e\u5403\u505a\u53eb\u5f53\u4f4f\u542c\u9769\u6253\u5462\u771f\u5168\u624d\u56db\u5df2\u6240\u654c\u4e4b\u6700\u5149\u4ea7\u60c5\u8def\u5206\u603b\u6761\u767d\u8bdd\u4e1c\u5e2d\u6b21\u4eb2\u5982\u88ab\u82b1\u53e3\u653e\u513f\u5e38\u6c14\u4e94\u7b2c\u4f7f\u5199\u519b\u5427\u6587\u8fd0\u518d\u679c\u600e\u5b9a\u8bb8\u5feb\u660e\u884c\u56e0\u522b\u98de\u5916\u6811\u7269\u6d3b\u90e8\u95e8\u65e0\u5f80\u8239\u671b\u65b0\u5e26\u961f\u5148\u529b\u5b8c\u5374\u7ad9\u4ee3\u5458\u673a\u66f4\u4e5d\u60a8\u6bcf\u98ce\u7ea7\u8ddf\u7b11\u554a\u5b69\u4e07\u5c11\u76f4\u610f\u591c\u6bd4\u9636\u8fde\u8f66\u91cd\u4fbf\u6597\u9a6c\u54ea\u5316\u592a\u6307\u53d8\u793e\u4f3c\u58eb\u8005\u5e72\u77f3\u6ee1\u65e5\u51b3\u767e\u539f\u62ff\u7fa4\u7a76\u5404\u516d\u672c\u601d\u89e3\u7acb\u6cb3\u6751\u516b\u96be\u65e9\u8bba\u5417\u6839\u5171\u8ba9\u76f8\u7814\u4eca\u5176\u4e66\u5750\u63a5\u5e94\u5173\u4fe1\u89c9\u6b65\u53cd\u5904\u8bb0\u5c06\u5343\u627e\u4e89\u9886\u6216\u5e08\u7ed3\u5757\u8dd1\u8c01\u8349\u8d8a\u5b57\u52a0\u811a\u7d27\u7231\u7b49\u4e60\u9635\u6015\u6708\u9752\u534a\u706b\u6cd5\u9898\u5efa\u8d76\u4f4d\u5531\u6d77\u4e03\u5973\u4efb\u4ef6\u611f\u51c6\u5f20\u56e2\u5c4b\u79bb\u8272\u8138\u7247\u79d1\u5012\u775b\u5229\u4e16\u521a\u4e14\u7531\u9001\u5207\u661f\u5bfc\u665a\u8868\u591f\u6574\u8ba4\u54cd\u96ea\u6d41\u672a\u573a\u8be5\u5e76\u5e95\u6df1\u523b\u5e73\u4f1f\u5fd9\u63d0\u786e\u8fd1\u4eae\u8f7b\u8bb2\u519c\u53e4\u9ed1\u544a\u754c\u62c9\u540d\u5440\u571f\u6e05\u9633\u7167\u529e\u53f2\u6539\u5386\u8f6c\u753b\u9020\u5634\u6b64\u6cbb\u5317\u5fc5\u670d\u96e8\u7a7f\u5185\u8bc6\u9a8c\u4f20\u4e1a\u83dc\u722c\u7761\u5174\u5f62\u91cf\u54b1\u89c2\u82e6\u4f53\u4f17\u901a\u51b2\u5408\u7834\u53cb\u5ea6\u672f\u996d\u516c\u65c1\u623f\u6781\u5357\u67aa\u8bfb\u6c99\u5c81\u7ebf\u91ce\u575a\u7a7a\u6536\u7b97\u81f3\u653f\u57ce\u52b3\u843d\u94b1\u7279\u56f4\u5f1f\u80dc\u6559\u70ed\u5c55\u5305\u6b4c\u7c7b\u6e10\u5f3a\u6570\u4e61\u547c\u6027\u97f3\u7b54\u54e5\u9645\u65e7\u795e\u5ea7\u7ae0\u5e2e\u5566\u53d7\u7cfb\u4ee4\u8df3\u975e\u4f55\u725b\u53d6\u5165\u5cb8\u6562\u6389\u5ffd\u79cd\u88c5\u9876\u6025\u6797\u505c\u606f\u53e5\u533a\u8863\u822c\u62a5\u53f6\u538b\u6162\u53d4\u80cc\u7ec6";
 52         Random random = new Random();// 生成隨機數
 53 
 54         // 定義x坐標
 55         int x = 10;
 56         for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
 57             // 隨機顏色
 58             graphics2d.setColor(new Color(20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random
 59                     .nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110)));
 60             // 旋轉 -30 --- 30度
 61             int jiaodu = random.nextInt(60) - 30;
 62             // 換算弧度
 63             double theta = jiaodu * Math.PI / 180;
 64 
 65             // 生成一個隨機數字
 66             int index = random.nextInt(words.length()); // 生成隨機數 0 到 length - 1
 67             // 獲得字母數字
 68             char c = words.charAt(index);
 69 
 70             // 將c 輸出到圖片
 71             graphics2d.rotate(theta, x, 20);
 72             graphics2d.drawString(String.valueOf(c), x, 20);
 73             graphics2d.rotate(-theta, x, 20);
 74             x += 30;
 75         }
 76 
 77         // 步驟五 繪制干擾線
 78         graphics.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));
 79         int x1;
 80         int x2;
 81         int y1;
 82         int y2;
 83         for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
 84             x1 = random.nextInt(width);
 85             x2 = random.nextInt(12);
 86             y1 = random.nextInt(height);
 87             y2 = random.nextInt(12);
 88             graphics.drawLine(x1, y1, x1 + x2, x2 + y2);
 89         }
 90 
 91         // 將上面圖片輸出到瀏覽器 ImageIO
 92         graphics.dispose();// 釋放資源
 93         ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "jpg", response.getOutputStream());
 94 
 95     }
 96 
 97 
 98     public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
 99             throws ServletException, IOException {
100         doGet(request, response);
101     }
102 
103     /**
104      * 取其某一范圍的color
105      * 
106      * @param fc
107      *            int 范圍參數1
108      * @param bc
109      *            int 范圍參數2
110      * @return Color
111      */
112     private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
113         // 取其隨機顏色
114         Random random = new Random();
115         if (fc > 255) {
116             fc = 255;
117         }
118         if (bc > 255) {
119             bc = 255;
120         }
121         int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
122         int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
123         int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
124         return new Color(r, g, b);
125     }
126 
127 }

View Code

實現驗證碼看不清更換一張的功能

頁面

瀏覽器有緩存要更換每次請求的路徑才能實現點擊更換圖片

校驗

checkImgServlet

  1 package com.imooc.web.servlet;
  2 
  3 import java.awt.Color;
  4 import java.awt.Font;
  5 import java.awt.Graphics;
  6 import java.awt.Graphics2D;
  7 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
  8 import java.io.IOException;
  9 import java.util.Random;
 10 
 11 import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
 12 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 13 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
 14 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
 15 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 16 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 17 
 18 /**
 19  * 生成驗證碼圖片
 20  */
 21 @WebServlet("/CheckImgServlet")
 22 public class CheckImgServlet extends HttpServlet {
 23 
 24     public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
 25             throws ServletException, IOException {
 26 
 27         int width = 120;
 28         int height = 30;
 29 
 30         // 步驟一 繪制一張內存中圖片
 31         BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height,
 32                 BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
 33 
 34         // 步驟二 圖片繪制背景顏色 ---通過繪圖對象
 35         Graphics graphics = bufferedImage.getGraphics();// 得到畫圖對象 --- 畫筆
 36         // 繪制任何圖形之前 都必須指定一個顏色
 37         graphics.setColor(getRandColor(200, 250));
 38         graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
 39 
 40         // 步驟三 繪制邊框
 41         graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);
 42         graphics.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1);
 43 
 44         // 步驟四 四個隨機數字
 45         Graphics2D graphics2d = (Graphics2D) graphics;
 46         // 設置輸出字體
 47         graphics2d.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 18));
 48 
 49         String words =
 50          "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890";
 51         // String words = "\u7684\u4e00\u4e86\u662f\u6211\u4e0d\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u6709\u6765\u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e0a\u7740\u4e2a\u5730\u5230\u5927\u91cc\u8bf4\u5c31\u53bb\u5b50\u5f97\u4e5f\u548c\u90a3\u8981\u4e0b\u770b\u5929\u65f6\u8fc7\u51fa\u5c0f\u4e48\u8d77\u4f60\u90fd\u628a\u597d\u8fd8\u591a\u6ca1\u4e3a\u53c8\u53ef\u5bb6\u5b66\u53ea\u4ee5\u4e3b\u4f1a\u6837\u5e74\u60f3\u751f\u540c\u8001\u4e2d\u5341\u4ece\u81ea\u9762\u524d\u5934\u9053\u5b83\u540e\u7136\u8d70\u5f88\u50cf\u89c1\u4e24\u7528\u5979\u56fd\u52a8\u8fdb\u6210\u56de\u4ec0\u8fb9\u4f5c\u5bf9\u5f00\u800c\u5df1\u4e9b\u73b0\u5c71\u6c11\u5019\u7ecf\u53d1\u5de5\u5411\u4e8b\u547d\u7ed9\u957f\u6c34\u51e0\u4e49\u4e09\u58f0\u4e8e\u9ad8\u624b\u77e5\u7406\u773c\u5fd7\u70b9\u5fc3\u6218\u4e8c\u95ee\u4f46\u8eab\u65b9\u5b9e\u5403\u505a\u53eb\u5f53\u4f4f\u542c\u9769\u6253\u5462\u771f\u5168\u624d\u56db\u5df2\u6240\u654c\u4e4b\u6700\u5149\u4ea7\u60c5\u8def\u5206\u603b\u6761\u767d\u8bdd\u4e1c\u5e2d\u6b21\u4eb2\u5982\u88ab\u82b1\u53e3\u653e\u513f\u5e38\u6c14\u4e94\u7b2c\u4f7f\u5199\u519b\u5427\u6587\u8fd0\u518d\u679c\u600e\u5b9a\u8bb8\u5feb\u660e\u884c\u56e0\u522b\u98de\u5916\u6811\u7269\u6d3b\u90e8\u95e8\u65e0\u5f80\u8239\u671b\u65b0\u5e26\u961f\u5148\u529b\u5b8c\u5374\u7ad9\u4ee3\u5458\u673a\u66f4\u4e5d\u60a8\u6bcf\u98ce\u7ea7\u8ddf\u7b11\u554a\u5b69\u4e07\u5c11\u76f4\u610f\u591c\u6bd4\u9636\u8fde\u8f66\u91cd\u4fbf\u6597\u9a6c\u54ea\u5316\u592a\u6307\u53d8\u793e\u4f3c\u58eb\u8005\u5e72\u77f3\u6ee1\u65e5\u51b3\u767e\u539f\u62ff\u7fa4\u7a76\u5404\u516d\u672c\u601d\u89e3\u7acb\u6cb3\u6751\u516b\u96be\u65e9\u8bba\u5417\u6839\u5171\u8ba9\u76f8\u7814\u4eca\u5176\u4e66\u5750\u63a5\u5e94\u5173\u4fe1\u89c9\u6b65\u53cd\u5904\u8bb0\u5c06\u5343\u627e\u4e89\u9886\u6216\u5e08\u7ed3\u5757\u8dd1\u8c01\u8349\u8d8a\u5b57\u52a0\u811a\u7d27\u7231\u7b49\u4e60\u9635\u6015\u6708\u9752\u534a\u706b\u6cd5\u9898\u5efa\u8d76\u4f4d\u5531\u6d77\u4e03\u5973\u4efb\u4ef6\u611f\u51c6\u5f20\u56e2\u5c4b\u79bb\u8272\u8138\u7247\u79d1\u5012\u775b\u5229\u4e16\u521a\u4e14\u7531\u9001\u5207\u661f\u5bfc\u665a\u8868\u591f\u6574\u8ba4\u54cd\u96ea\u6d41\u672a\u573a\u8be5\u5e76\u5e95\u6df1\u523b\u5e73\u4f1f\u5fd9\u63d0\u786e\u8fd1\u4eae\u8f7b\u8bb2\u519c\u53e4\u9ed1\u544a\u754c\u62c9\u540d\u5440\u571f\u6e05\u9633\u7167\u529e\u53f2\u6539\u5386\u8f6c\u753b\u9020\u5634\u6b64\u6cbb\u5317\u5fc5\u670d\u96e8\u7a7f\u5185\u8bc6\u9a8c\u4f20\u4e1a\u83dc\u722c\u7761\u5174\u5f62\u91cf\u54b1\u89c2\u82e6\u4f53\u4f17\u901a\u51b2\u5408\u7834\u53cb\u5ea6\u672f\u996d\u516c\u65c1\u623f\u6781\u5357\u67aa\u8bfb\u6c99\u5c81\u7ebf\u91ce\u575a\u7a7a\u6536\u7b97\u81f3\u653f\u57ce\u52b3\u843d\u94b1\u7279\u56f4\u5f1f\u80dc\u6559\u70ed\u5c55\u5305\u6b4c\u7c7b\u6e10\u5f3a\u6570\u4e61\u547c\u6027\u97f3\u7b54\u54e5\u9645\u65e7\u795e\u5ea7\u7ae0\u5e2e\u5566\u53d7\u7cfb\u4ee4\u8df3\u975e\u4f55\u725b\u53d6\u5165\u5cb8\u6562\u6389\u5ffd\u79cd\u88c5\u9876\u6025\u6797\u505c\u606f\u53e5\u533a\u8863\u822c\u62a5\u53f6\u538b\u6162\u53d4\u80cc\u7ec6";
 52         Random random = new Random();// 生成隨機數
 53         // 定義一個字符串,用於保存隨機產生的四個字母或數字
 54         StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
 55         // 定義x坐標
 56         int x = 10;
 57         for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
 58             // 隨機顏色
 59             graphics2d.setColor(new Color(20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random
 60                     .nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110)));
 61             // 旋轉 -30 --- 30度
 62             int jiaodu = random.nextInt(60) - 30;
 63             // 換算弧度
 64             double theta = jiaodu * Math.PI / 180;
 65 
 66             // 生成一個隨機數字
 67             int index = random.nextInt(words.length()); // 生成隨機數 0 到 length - 1
 68             // 獲得字母數字
 69             char c = words.charAt(index);
 70             // 將產生字符存入到StringBuffer中
 71             sb.append(c);
 72             // 將c 輸出到圖片
 73             graphics2d.rotate(theta, x, 20);
 74             graphics2d.drawString(String.valueOf(c), x, 20);
 75             graphics2d.rotate(-theta, x, 20);
 76             x += 30;
 77         }
 78         // 將產生的字符串存入到session中:
 79         request.getSession().setAttribute("checkCode", sb.toString());
 80 
 81         // 步驟五 繪制干擾線
 82         graphics.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));
 83         int x1;
 84         int x2;
 85         int y1;
 86         int y2;
 87         for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
 88             x1 = random.nextInt(width);
 89             x2 = random.nextInt(12);
 90             y1 = random.nextInt(height);
 91             y2 = random.nextInt(12);
 92             graphics.drawLine(x1, y1, x1 + x2, x2 + y2);
 93         }
 94 
 95         // 將上面圖片輸出到瀏覽器 ImageIO
 96         graphics.dispose();// 釋放資源
 97         ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "jpg", response.getOutputStream());
 98 
 99     }
100 
101 
102     public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
103             throws ServletException, IOException {
104         doGet(request, response);
105     }
106 
107     /**
108      * 取其某一范圍的color
109      * 
110      * @param fc
111      *            int 范圍參數1
112      * @param bc
113      *            int 范圍參數2
114      * @return Color
115      */
116     private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
117         // 取其隨機顏色
118         Random random = new Random();
119         if (fc > 255) {
120             fc = 255;
121         }
122         if (bc > 255) {
123             bc = 255;
124         }
125         int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
126         int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
127         int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
128         return new Color(r, g, b);
129     }
130 
131 }

View Code

loginServlet

 1 package com.imooc.web.servlet;
 2 
 3 import java.io.IOException;
 4 import java.util.List;
 5 
 6 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 7 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
 9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
11 
12 import com.imooc.domain.User;
13 import com.imooc.service.UserService;
14 import com.imooc.service.impl.UserServiceImpl;
15 
16 @WebServlet("/LoginServlet")
17 public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
18     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
19 
20     protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
21         // 完成驗證碼的校驗:
22         // 獲得session中保存的驗證碼的信息
23         String code1 = (String)request.getSession().getAttribute("checkCode");
24         // 接收前台表單提交的驗證碼的信息
25         String code2 = request.getParameter("checkCode");
26         if(code2==null || !code2.equalsIgnoreCase(code1)){
27             request.setAttribute("msg", "驗證碼輸入不正確!");
28             request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
29             return;
30         }
31         
32         // 接收數據:
33         String username = request.getParameter("username");
34         String password = request.getParameter("password");
35         // 封裝數據:
36         User user = new User();
37         user.setUsername(username);
38         user.setPassword(password);
39         // 處理數據:完成登陸.
40         UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();
41         // 獲得用戶列表的集合:
42         List<User> userList = (List<User>)getServletContext().getAttribute("userList");
43         User existUser = userService.login(userList,user);
44         // 顯示結果:
45         if(existUser == null){
46             // 登錄失敗
47             request.setAttribute("msg", "用戶名或密碼錯誤!");
48             request.getRequestDispatcher("/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
49         }else{
50             // 登錄成功
51             // 將用戶信息保存:
52             request.getSession().setAttribute("existUser", existUser);
53             response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/index.jsp");
54         }
55     }
56 
57     protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
58         doGet(request, response);
59     }
60 
61 }

View Code

Kaptcha驗證碼的介紹及入門

上面我們自己編寫的驗證碼代碼有一定的局限性,當驗證碼的樣式,比如寬高等需要改變時,得更改相應的源代碼,不是很方便

這時我們可以用第三方的驗證碼工具,如Kaptcha

首先我們要將Kaptcha的jar包引入到工程中

然后在web.xml中進行相應的配置

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
 3  
 4  <servlet>
 5      <servlet-name>KaptchaServlet</servlet-name>
 6      <servlet-class>com.google.code.kaptcha.servlet.KaptchaServlet</servlet-class>
 7  
 8      <!-- 修改隨機的字母或數字的長度 -->
 9      <init-param>
10          <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.length</param-name>
11          <param-value>4</param-value>
12      </init-param>
13      
14      <!-- 修改字體大小 -->
15      <init-param>
16          <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.font.size</param-name>
17          <param-value>25</param-value>
18      </init-param>
19      <init-param>
20          <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.space</param-name>
21          <param-value>10</param-value>
22      </init-param>
23      
24      <!-- 修改圖片的寬高 -->
25      <init-param>
26          <param-name>kaptcha.image.width</param-name>
27          <param-value>120</param-value>
28      </init-param>
29      <init-param>
30          <param-name>kaptcha.image.height</param-name>
31          <param-value>30</param-value>
32      </init-param>
33  </servlet>
34  
35  <servlet-mapping>
36      <servlet-name>KaptchaServlet</servlet-name>
37      <url-pattern>/KaptchaServlet</url-pattern>
38  </servlet-mapping>
39  
40  
41   <welcome-file-list>
42     <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
43     <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
44     <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
45     <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
46     <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
47     <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
48   </welcome-file-list>
49 </web-app>

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配置參數介紹

配置前

配置后

Kaptcha驗證碼的校驗

1 // 獲得session中保存的驗證碼的信息
2  String code1 = (String)request.getSession().getAttribute(com.google.code.kaptcha.Constants.KAPTCHA_SESSION_KEY);
3

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