使用HttpClient和OkHttp調用服務的區別（附示例代碼）

本文轉載自查看原文 2020-03-11 22:12 11885 java

1、有關於HttpClient和OkHttp兩種調用服務的方式區別，我們先到overstackflow上看看大牛們的討論。

所以從使用、性能、超時配置方面進行比較

使用

HttpClient和OkHttp一般用於調用其它服務，一般服務暴露出來的接口都為http，http常用請求類型就為GET、PUT、POST和DELETE，因此主要介紹這些請求類型的調用。

HttpClient使用介紹

使用HttpClient發送請求主要分為以下幾步驟：

創建 CloseableHttpClient對象或CloseableHttpAsyncClient對象，前者同步，后者為異步
創建Http請求對象
調用execute方法執行請求，如果是異步請求在執行之前需調用start方法

創建連接：

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();

該連接為同步連接

GET請求：

1 @Test
2 public void testGet() throws IOException {
3     String api = "/api/files/1";
4     String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
5     HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
6     CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
7     System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
8 }

使用HttpGet表示該連接為GET請求，HttpClient調用execute方法發送GET請求

PUT請求：

 1 @Test
 2 public void testPut() throws IOException {
 3     String api = "/api/user";
 4     String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
 5     HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url);
 6     UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(16L).build();
 7     httpPut.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
 8     httpPut.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8"));
 9     CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPut);
10     System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
11 }

POST請求：

添加對象

 1 @Test
 2 public void testPost() throws IOException {
 3     String api = "/api/user";
 4     String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
 5     HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
 6     UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t2").build();
 7     httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf8");
 8     httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO), "UTF-8"));
 9     CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
10     System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
11 }

該請求是一個創建對象的請求，需要傳入一個json字符串

上傳文件

 1 @Test
 2 public void testUpload1() throws IOException {
 3     String api = "/api/files/1";
 4     String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
 5     HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
 6     File file = new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/學習/docker_practice.pdf");
 7     FileBody fileBody = new FileBody(file);
 8     MultipartEntityBuilder builder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
 9     builder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
10     builder.addPart("file", fileBody);  //addPart上傳文件
11     HttpEntity entity = builder.build();
12     httpPost.setEntity(entity);
13     CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
14     System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
15 }

通過addPart上傳文件

DELETE請求：

1 @Test
2 public void testDelete() throws IOException {
3     String api = "/api/user/12";
4     String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
5     HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);
6     CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpDelete);
7     System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
8 }

請求的取消：

 1 @Test
 2 public void testCancel() throws IOException {
 3     String api = "/api/files/1";
 4     String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
 5     HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
 6     httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);  //設置超時時間
 7     //測試連接的取消
 8 
 9     long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
10     CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
11     while (true) {
12         if (System.currentTimeMillis() - begin > 1000) {
13           httpGet.abort();
14           System.out.println("task canceled");
15           break;
16       }
17     }
18 
19     System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
20 }

調用abort方法取消請求 執行結果：

1 task canceled
2 cost 8098 msc
3 Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:60549', transport: 'socket'
4 
5 java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】

OkHttp使用

使用OkHttp發送請求主要分為以下幾步驟：

創建OkHttpClient對象
創建Request對象
將Request 對象封裝為Call
通過Call 來執行同步或異步請求，調用execute方法同步執行，調用enqueue方法異步執行

創建連接：

private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

GET請求：

 1 @Test
 2 public void testGet() throws IOException {
 3     String api = "/api/files/1";
 4     String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
 5     Request request = new Request.Builder()
 6             .url(url)
 7             .get() 
 8             .build();
 9     final Call call = client.newCall(request);
10     Response response = call.execute();
11     System.out.println(response.body().string());
12 }

PUT請求：

 1 @Test
 2 public void testPut() throws IOException {
 3     String api = "/api/user";
 4     String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
 5     //請求參數
 6     UserVO userVO = UserVO.builder().name("h2t").id(11L).build();
 7     RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"),
 8     JSONObject.toJSONString(userVO));
 9     Request request = new Request.Builder()
10             .url(url)
11             .put(requestBody)
12             .build();
13     final Call call = client.newCall(request);
14     Response response = call.execute();
15     System.out.println(response.body().string());
16 }

POST請求：

添加對象

 1 @Test
 2 public void testPost() throws IOException {
 3     String api = "/api/user";
 4     String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
 5     //請求參數
 6     JSONObject json = new JSONObject();
 7     json.put("name", "hetiantian");
 8     RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"),     String.valueOf(json));
 9     Request request = new Request.Builder()
10             .url(url)
11             .post(requestBody) //post請求
12            .build();
13     final Call call = client.newCall(request);
14     Response response = call.execute();
15     System.out.println(response.body().string());
16 }

上傳文件

 1 @Test
 2 public void testUpload() throws IOException {
 3     String api = "/api/files/1";
 4     String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
 5     RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
 6             .setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
 7             .addFormDataPart("file", "docker_practice.pdf",
 8                     RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"),
 9                             new File("C:/Users/hetiantian/Desktop/學習/docker_practice.pdf")))
10             .build();
11     Request request = new Request.Builder()
12             .url(url)
13             .post(requestBody)  //默認為GET請求，可以不寫
14             .build();
15     final Call call = client.newCall(request);
16     Response response = call.execute();
17     System.out.println(response.body().string());
18 }

通過addFormDataPart方法模擬表單方式上傳文件DELETE請求：

 1 @Test
 2 public void testDelete() throws IOException {
 3   String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
 4   //請求參數
 5   Request request = new Request.Builder()
 6           .url(url)
 7           .delete()
 8           .build();
 9   final Call call = client.newCall(request);
10   Response response = call.execute();
11   System.out.println(response.body().string());
12 }

請求的取消：

 1 @Test
 2 public void testCancelSysnc() throws IOException {
 3     String api = "/api/files/1";
 4     String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
 5     Request request = new Request.Builder()
 6             .url(url)
 7             .get()  
 8             .build();
 9     final Call call = client.newCall(request);
10     Response response = call.execute();
11     long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
12     //測試連接的取消
13     while (true) {
14          //1分鍾獲取不到結果就取消請求
15         if (System.currentTimeMillis() - start > 1000) {
16             call.cancel();
17             System.out.println("task canceled");
18             break;
19         }
20     }
21 
22     System.out.println(response.body().string());
23 }

調用cancel方法進行取消 測試結果：

1 task canceled
2 cost 9110 msc
3 
4 java.net.SocketException: socket closed...【省略】

小結

OkHttp使用build模式創建對象來的更簡潔一些，並且使用.post/.delete/.put/.get方法表示請求類型，不需要像HttpClient創建HttpGet、HttpPost等這些方法來創建請求類型

依賴包上，如果HttpClient需要發送異步請求、實現文件上傳，需要額外的引入異步請求依賴

 1 <!---文件上傳-->
 2  <dependency>
 3      <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
 4      <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
 5      <version>4.5.3</version>
 6  </dependency>
 7  <!--異步請求-->
 8  <dependency>
 9      <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
10      <artifactId>httpasyncclient</artifactId>
11      <version>4.5.3</version>
12  </dependency>

請求的取消，HttpClient使用abort方法，OkHttp使用cancel方法，都挺簡單的，如果使用的是異步client，則在拋出異常時調用取消請求的方法即可

超時設置

HttpClient超時設置：

在HttpClient4.3+版本以上，超時設置通過RequestConfig進行設置

1 private CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
2 private RequestConfig requestConfig =  RequestConfig.custom()
3         .setSocketTimeout(60 * 1000)
4         .setConnectTimeout(60 * 1000).build();
5 String api = "/api/files/1";
6 String url = String.format("%s%s", BASE_URL, api);
7 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
8 httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);  //設置超時時間

超時時間是設置在請求類型HttpGet上，而不是HttpClient上

OkHttp超時設置：

直接在OkHttp上進行設置

1 private OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
2         .connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設置連接超時時間
3         .readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)//設置讀取超時時間
4         .build();

小結：

如果client是單例模式，HttpClient在設置超時方面來的更靈活，針對不同請求類型設置不同的超時時間，OkHttp一旦設置了超時時間，所有請求類型的超時時間也就確定

HttpClient和OkHttp性能比較

測試環境：

CPU 六核
內存 8G
windows10

每種測試用例都測試五次，排除偶然性

client連接為單例：

client連接不為單例：

單例模式下，HttpClient的響應速度要更快一些，單位為毫秒，性能差異相差不大

非單例模式下，OkHttp的性能更好，HttpClient創建連接比較耗時，因為多數情況下這些資源都會寫成單例模式，因此圖一的測試結果更具有參考價值

總結

OkHttp和HttpClient在性能和使用上不分伯仲，根據實際業務選擇即可

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