使用QT繪制一個多邊形


1. 概述

可以通過QT的重繪事件和鼠標事件來繪制多邊形,最簡單的辦法就是在繼承QWidget的窗體中重寫paintEvent、mousePressEvent等事件處理函數。QT提供了圖形繪制接口QPainter,通過該接口可以繪制多種圖形,包括多邊形。

2. 實現

2.1. 代碼

新建一個基於QWidget的QT界面類GraphicsPainter,將其放置到想要顯示的窗體中。該類的具體代碼:

GraphicsPainter.h:

#ifndef GRAPHICSPAINTER_H
#define GRAPHICSPAINTER_H

#include <QWidget>

class GraphicsPainter : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit GraphicsPainter(QWidget *parent = nullptr);

    void SetDraw(bool bDraw);

signals:
    void singalDrawOver();

public slots:

protected:
    void paintEvent(QPaintEvent *);     //繪制
    void mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *e);       //按下
    void mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *e);        //移動
    void mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *e);     //松開
    void mouseDoubleClickEvent(QMouseEvent *event);        //雙擊


    bool bDraw;             //是否處於繪制狀態
    bool bLeftClick;            //是否已經開始左鍵點擊,同時標識是否開始進行繪制
    bool bMove;             //是否處於繪制時的鼠標移動狀態

    QVector<QPointF> pointList;
    QPointF movePoint;
};

#endif // GRAPHICSPAINTER_H

GraphicsPainter.cpp:

#include "graphicspainter.h"
#include <QPainter>
#include <QMouseEvent>
#include <QDebug>

GraphicsPainter::GraphicsPainter(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent)
{
    //填充背景色
    setAutoFillBackground(true);
    setBackgroundRole(QPalette::Base);

    bDraw = false;
    bLeftClick = false;
    bMove = false;
    setMouseTracking(true);
}

void GraphicsPainter::SetDraw(bool bDraw)
{
    this->bDraw = bDraw;
    pointList.clear();
}

//重新實現paintEvent
void GraphicsPainter::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *)
{
    QPainter painter(this);

    if(bDraw)
    {
       painter.setPen(QColor(255,0,0));
       QVector<QLineF> lines;
       for(int i = 0; i<pointList.size()-1; i++)
       {
           QLineF line(QPointF(pointList[i].x(), pointList[i].y()), QPointF(pointList[i+1].x(), pointList[i+1].y()));
           lines.push_back(line);
       }
       if(bMove&&pointList.size()>0)
       {
           QLineF line(QPointF(pointList[pointList.size()-1].x(), pointList[pointList.size()-1].y()), movePoint);
           lines.push_back(line);
       }
       painter.drawLines(lines);
    }
}

//按下
void GraphicsPainter::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *e)
{
    if(bDraw)
    {
        if(!bLeftClick)
        {
            pointList.clear();
            bLeftClick = true;
        }
    }
    //qDebug()<<"Press";
}

//移動
void GraphicsPainter::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *e)
{
    if(bDraw&&bLeftClick)
    {
        movePoint = e->pos();
        bMove = true;
        this->update();
    }
    //qDebug()<<"Move";
}

//松開
void GraphicsPainter::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *e)
{
    if(bDraw&&bLeftClick)
    {
        pointList.push_back(QPointF(e->x(), e->y()));
        bMove = false;
        this->update();
    }
    //qDebug()<<"Release";
}

//雙擊
void GraphicsPainter::mouseDoubleClickEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
{
    if(bDraw)
    {
        bLeftClick = false;
        pointList.push_back(pointList[0]);
        this->update();
        singalDrawOver();
    }
    //qDebug()<<"DoubleClick";
}

2.2. 解析

在重新實現的重繪事件中,通過QPainter繪制了一系列線組成線串,最后會首尾相連形成多邊形。這里的bMove標識是否處於繪制時的鼠標移動狀態,只有鼠標左鍵點擊后才會確定為真正的節點:

//重新實現paintEvent
void GraphicsPainter::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *)
{
    QPainter painter(this);

    if(bDraw)
    {
       painter.setPen(QColor(255,0,0));
       QVector<QLineF> lines;
       for(int i = 0; i<pointList.size()-1; i++)
       {
           QLineF line(QPointF(pointList[i].x(), pointList[i].y()), QPointF(pointList[i+1].x(), pointList[i+1].y()));
           lines.push_back(line);
       }
       if(bMove&&pointList.size()>0)
       {
           QLineF line(QPointF(pointList[pointList.size()-1].x(), pointList[pointList.size()-1].y()), movePoint);
           lines.push_back(line);
       }
       painter.drawLines(lines);
    }
}

鼠標按下事件中,主要是通過bLeftClick值來確定是否已經處於左鍵點擊狀態,同時還能標識是否開始進行繪制。一旦開始,就會把上次繪制的節點清除。

//按下
void GraphicsPainter::mousePressEvent(QMouseEvent *e)
{
    if(bDraw)
    {
        if(!bLeftClick)
        {
            pointList.clear();
            bLeftClick = true;
        }
    }
    //qDebug()<<"Press";
}

一旦鼠標松開,就可以確定一個節點,此時需要調用update()進行重繪:

//松開
void GraphicsPainter::mouseReleaseEvent(QMouseEvent *e)
{
    if(bDraw&&bLeftClick)
    {
        pointList.push_back(QPointF(e->x(), e->y()));
        bMove = false;
        this->update();
    }
    //qDebug()<<"Release";
}

當開始進行繪制后,移動鼠標就會處於繪制時的鼠標移動狀態,這時就會確定bMove為true,重繪事件就會將該鼠標點繪制出來,從而達到待選節點的效果:

//移動
void GraphicsPainter::mouseMoveEvent(QMouseEvent *e)
{
    if(bDraw&&bLeftClick)
    {
        movePoint = e->pos();
        bMove = true;
        this->update();
    }
    //qDebug()<<"Move";
}

鼠標雙擊后,將第一個點加入到當前多邊形的節點中后,達到首尾相連的效果,此時就會結束繪制:

//雙擊
void GraphicsPainter::mouseDoubleClickEvent(QMouseEvent *event)
{
    if(bDraw)
    {
        bLeftClick = false;
        pointList.push_back(pointList[0]);
        this->update();
        singalDrawOver();
    }
    //qDebug()<<"DoubleClick";
}

這里一定要注意,當進行雙擊操作時,首先會觸發一次mousePressEvent,然后觸發一次mouseReleaseEvent,接着才會觸發一次mouseDoubleClickEvent,最后還會觸發一次mouseReleaseEvent。所以這就是這里設置bLeftClick這個參數原因:當觸發mouseDoubleClickEvent后,bLeftClick設置為false,第二次觸發mouseReleaseEvent時內部就不會在做任何操作了。

3. 結果

最終運行的結果如下所示:

QT繪制多邊形

代碼地址


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