使用場景
枚舉組合:
問題是這樣的.
有 n 個列表,分別從每個列表中取出一個元素,一共有多少種組合?
例如:
a = ['a1','a2']
b = ['b1','b2','b3']
組合結果為:
[
('a1','b1'),
('a1','b2'),
('a1','b3'),
('a2','b1'),
('a2','b2'),
('a2','b3')
]
待組合的列表只有兩個
這種情況就是簡單的遍歷:
a = ['a1','a2']
b = ['b1','b2','b3']
res = []
for i in a:
for j in b:
res.append((i,j)])
print(res)
擴展為 n 個
如果還用for循環嵌套,代碼就是這樣的
a = ['a1','a2']
b = ['b1','b2','b3']
res = []
for i in a:
for j in b:
for k in c:
...
...
如果是n層的話,這樣的代碼是無法表達的.
我們可以先將第一個和第二個組合,再拿組合出的結果和第三個組合,依次類推...
如下如所示:

用代碼表示如下:
迭代
def merge(i,j):
"""
i = "a"
j = ("b","c")
return: ("a","b","c")
"""
res = []
for p in (i,j):
if isinstance(p,tuple):
res.extend(p)
else:
res.append(p)
return tuple(res)
def combineN(*args):
target = args[0]
for li in args[1:]:
tmp = []
for i in target:
for j in li:
tmp.append(merge(i,j))
target = tmp
return target
遞歸
def merge(i,j):
"""
i = "a"
j = ("b","c")
return: ("a","b","c")
"""
res = []
for p in (i,j):
if isinstance(p,tuple):
res.extend(p)
else:
res.append(p)
return tuple(res)
def combine2(a, b):
res = []
for i in a:
for j in b:
res.append(merge(i,j))
return res
def combineNRecursion(*args):
if len(args) == 2:
return combine2(*args)
return combine2(args[0],combineNRecursion(*args[1:]))
通用的多層 for 循環轉迭代
上面用到的迭代方法是針對具體問題分析得來的,那么有沒有一種通用的轉換方案呢? 答案是肯定的.
def combineN(*li):
res = []
# 相當於最內層循環執行的次數.
total_times = reduce(lambda x, y: x*y, [len(item) for item in li])
n = 0
while n < total_times:
tmp = n
tem_res = []
for i in range(len(li)):
# 余數就是參與計算的元素的下標,商用於計算下一個列表參與元素的下標.
tmp, cur = divmod(tmp, len(li[i]))
tem_res.append(li[i][cur])
res.append(tem_res)
n += 1
return res
res = combineN(["a1","a2"], ["b1", "b2"], ["c1", "c2"])
for i in res:
print(i)
輸出結果如下:
['a1', 'b1', 'c1']
['a2', 'b1', 'c1']
['a1', 'b2', 'c1']
['a2', 'b2', 'c1']
['a1', 'b1', 'c2']
['a2', 'b1', 'c2']
['a1', 'b2', 'c2']
['a2', 'b2', 'c2']
