tensorflow需要pip安裝的庫
更換pip源到國內鏡像
[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
需要安裝的庫：
pip install dingtalkchatbot
pip install BeautifulSoup4
pip install pymysql
pip install matplotlib
pip install lxml
pip install tensorflow==1.12.0
pip install keras==2.2.4
pip install scikit-learn
pip install pandas
查看版本
pip list
==================
默認安裝的是18.1版本的，一般需要升級到19.3.1
pip3 install --upgrade pip
pip3環境的要用pip3替換pip
pip3 install dingtalkchatbot
pip3 install BeautifulSoup4
pip3 install pymysql
pip3 install matplotlib
pip3 install lxml
pip3 install tensorflow==1.12.0
pip3 install keras==2.2.4
pip3 install scikit-learn
pip3 install pandas
查看安裝的版本
pip3 list
==================
linux - python：卸載(實際上不需要卸載舊版本)
[root@test ~]# rpm -qa|grep python|xargs rpm -ev --allmatches --nodeps ##強制刪除已安裝程序及其關聯
[root@test ~]# whereis python |xargs rm -frv ##刪除所有殘余文件 ##xargs，允許你對輸出執行其他某些命令
[root@test ~]# whereis python ##驗證刪除，返回無結果
==================
Centos7 安裝 python 2.7.15 和 pip
進入到下載目錄：
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.15/Python-2.7.15.tgz
tar -zxvf Python-2.7.15.tgz
cd Python-2.7.15
./configure --enable-optimizations
make
make install
# python2 -V
Python 2.7.15
===================
查看現有python的軟連接指向的版本
ls -l /usr/bin | grep python
---------------
-查找python
#whereis python
python: /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/python3.6-config /usr/local/bin/python3.6m-config /usr/local/bin/python2.7-config /usr/local/bin/python3.6m /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/local/lib/python3.6 /usr/local/lib/python2.7
----------------
刪除軟鏈接
rm -rf /usr/bin/python
rm -rf /usr/bin/pip
建立新的指向python2.7的軟鏈接
ln -s /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip
查看軟連接版本
# python -V
Python 2.7.15
===================
下載python3.6編譯安裝
# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.8/Python-3.6.8.tgz
# tar -xzvf Python-3.6.8.tgz
# cd Python-3.6.8
把Python3.6安裝到 /usr/local 目錄
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
# ./configure --enable-optimizations
# make
# make install
ps：兩步不能合並到一步進行，否則會出現很多問題
測試：python3 -V
python3.6程序的執行文件：/usr/local/bin/python3.6
python3.6應用程序目錄：/usr/local/lib/python3.6
pip3的執行文件：/usr/local/bin/pip3.6
更改/usr/bin/python鏈接
# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python 此步驟忽略
# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3
# ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip3.6 /usr/bin/pip3
=====================
安裝python3的時候會自動安裝pip3
手動安裝：
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-9.0.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf pip-9.0.1.tar.gz
(Ps：tar.gz后面不能帶有空格，沒有安裝tar命令先安裝：yum install -y tar)
cd pip-9.0.1
python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install
------------
如果報錯：ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'setuptools'
需要安裝setuptools
wget --no-check-certificate https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-19.6.tar.gz
tar -zxvf setuptools-19.6.tar.gz
cd setuptools-19.6
python3 setup.py build
python3 setup.py install
如果報錯：RuntimeError: Compression requires the (missing) zlib module
先安裝zlib模塊：
yum install -y zlib
yum install -y zlib-devel
進入python3.6的目錄，重新編譯安裝
make
make install
ps：兩步不能合並到一步進行
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-18.1 setuptools-40.6.2
重新編譯后會自動安裝就不需要再手動安裝了，如果沒有就重新進入setuptools-19.6目錄安裝
默認安裝的pip3是18.1版本的，一般需要升級到19.3.1
pip3 install --upgrade pip
==================
安裝lrzsz
yum -y install lrzsz
==================
==================
--查找yum
#whereis yum
yum: /etc/yum.conf
安裝yum
下載:wget http://yum.baseurl.org/download/3.2/yum-3.2.28.tar.gz
解壓:tar xvf yum-3.2.28.tar.gz
在etc中創建yum而配置文件yum.conf
touch /etc/yum.conf
進入yum的解壓目錄:cd yum-3.2.28
運行:./yummain.py install yum
報錯：
File "/root/sofe/yum-3.2.28/yum/__init__.py", line 23, in <module>
import rpm
==================
2.卸載yum
rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -ev --allmatches --nodeps
rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*
whereis yum|xargs rm -frv
下載文件：
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-163.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
因文件有相互依賴性，注意順序，故先安裝python-iniparse-*.rpm 文件
# rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm
注：rpm -ivh 要安裝的rpm --nodeps --force (加上 --nodeps --force 為強制安裝，不管依賴性文件)
# rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm --nodeps --force
# rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
# rpm -ivh yum-3.4.3-163.el7.centos.noarch.rpm --nodeps --force
# rpm -ivh yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm --nodeps --force
安裝完之后，可以使用rm 命令刪除當前目錄下的RPM文件（裝完就沒有用處了）。
===============
# cd /usr/bin
[root@darg98 bin]# ls -al | grep python
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 Oct 27 23:34 python -> /usr/local/bin/python2.7
===============
# rpm -qa |grep yum
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch
yum-3.4.3-163.el7.centos.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
# whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/lib64/python2.7 /usr/local/bin/python3.6 /usr/local/bin/python /usr/local/bin/python3.6-config /usr/local/bin/python3.6m-config /usr/local/bin/python2.7-config /usr/local/bin/python3.6m /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/local/lib/python3.6 /usr/local/lib/python2.7
vi /usr/bin/yum
===============
python版本變了后 no module named yum有效解決辦法
如果原本依賴的python版本沒了，那就只能重新安裝yum了；
yum必須rpm安裝，而且還依賴一大堆安裝包，一個個裝還有順序關系。
最簡單的辦法是將所有的包下載下來，一起強制安裝
下載地址:http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/
以centos 7 為例子， 不同的操作版本下載對應不同的包(后綴不同 xxxxxx.el7.x86_64)
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-2.7.5-86.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-chardet-2.2.1-3.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-devel-2.7.5-86.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-libs-2.7.5-86.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-pycurl-7.19.0-19.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-tools-2.7.5-86.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-9.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/rpm-python-4.11.3-40.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-163.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-aliases-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-protectbase-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-updateonboot-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-52.el7.noarch.rpm
將上面的包放到一個目錄下 進入目錄 執行 rpm -ivh --force *.rpm --nodeps
建議先安裝 python-*的文件，再安裝rpm-python-*的文件，最后安裝yum-*的文件
rpm -ivh --force --nodeps python*.rpm
rpm -ivh --force --nodeps rpm-python-*.rpm
rpm -ivh --force --nodeps yum-*.rpm
測試：
yum list
=================
解決 ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_bz2'
在操作系統中安裝zlib和bz2相關庫
yum install zlib zlib-devel
yum -y install bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses openssl openssl-devel openssl-static xz lzma xz-devel sqlite sqlite-devel gdbm gdbm-devel tk tk-devel libffi-devel
yum install -y bzip2*
重新編譯python(一般情況遇到奇怪的問題沒法解決用重新編譯python的方法就可以解決了)
export CFLAGS="-I/usr/include"
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/lib64"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib64
進入到python3.6安裝目錄：
# cd Python-3.6.8/
make distclean
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
./configure --enable-optimizations
make
make install
重新編譯后就可以了
=====================