linux下nginx安裝和配置

一、軟件安裝

1、環境說明

操作系統：CentOS 7.4 64位

nginx版本：1.16.1

安裝日期：2019/10/01

安裝用戶:root

2、安裝運行庫

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ automake autoconf libtool make

3、安裝openssl（不用安裝，解壓即可）

$ cd /usr/local/src
$ wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1t.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf openssl-1.0.1t.tar.gz

4、安裝pcre

$ cd /usr/local/src
$ wget https://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/pcre-8.38.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf pcre-8.38.tar.gz
$ cd pcre-8.38
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install

5、安裝zlib

$ cd /usr/local/src
$ wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
$ cd zlib-1.2.11
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install

6、安裝nginx

$ cd /usr/local/src
$ wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
$ cd nginx-1.16.1
 
$ ./configure --with-http_ssl_module \
--with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.38 \
--with-zlib=/usr/local/src/zlib-1.2.11 \
--with-openssl=/usr/local/src/openssl-1.0.1t
 
$ make
$ make install

二、軟件使用命令

nginx默認安裝路徑為 /usr/local/nginx

啟動：./sbin/nginx

關閉：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

重啟：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen

重新加載配置文件：/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

三、軟件配置方法

 

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    proxy_cache_path D:/nginx-1.16.1/cache levels=1:1:1 keys_zone=pcache:10m max_size=2g;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       55556;
        server_name  127.0.0.1;

    proxy_cache pcache; #調用緩存
    proxy_cache_key $request_uri; #把什么當鍵
    proxy_cache_methods GET HEAD; #緩存哪些項
    proxy_cache_valid 200 302 10m; #指定200 302響應碼的內容緩存10分鍾
    proxy_cache_valid 404      1m; #指定404響應碼的內容緩存1分鍾
    proxy_cache_use_stale http_502; #允許502響應碼的內容使用過期緩存
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;  #將實際的客戶端IP發送至后端服務器
    add_header X-Via $server_addr; #將代理服務器的IP發至后端服務器

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
        proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1:55555/;
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        
    location /nationInterface/ {
        proxy_pass  http://124.163.214.106:18064/nationInterface/;
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;  #將實際的客戶端IP發送至后端服務器
        add_header X-Via $server_addr; #將代理服務器的IP發至后端服務器
        }
        
    
    location /CMAQ {
        autoindex on;
            root   D:/dataCenter;
        add_header Cache-Control no-cache;
        add_header Pragma no-cache;
        add_header Expires 0;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

 

注意事項：配置靜態目錄的時候，采用的是目錄拼接的方式，比如上圖的靜態目錄是：D:/dataCenter/CMAQ/。

如果linux下遇到權限問題，比如 13: Permission denied。從以下幾個方面排查：

1、root安裝的，那么啟動也要用root用戶

2、nginx.conf配置文件第一行，#user  nobody要改成user root

3、是否缺少index.html

4、修改目錄權限：chmod -R 777 /data

5、要將SELinux設置為關閉。

 

開機啟動：

vi /etc/rc.local

添加

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

 

nginx，配置文件目錄瀏覽

location /gfs {
autoindex on;
root //public/share;
autoindex_exact_size off;
autoindex_localtime on;
charset utf-8;
}