我的實驗環境(之前在Centos上安裝Oracle兩次都出錯卡死，重裝了一台Oracle Linux 服務器，Oracle安裝非常順利，運行也很穩定)：
//遠程登陸實驗環境
[oracle@oracle1 ~]$ cat /proc/version Linux version 2.6.39-400.17.1.el6uek.x86_64 (mockbuild@ca-build44.us.oracle.com) (gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-3) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Fri Feb 22 18:16:18 PST 2013 [oracle@oracle1 ~]$ cat /etc/issue Oracle Linux Server release 6.4 Kernel \r on an \m
首先使用 lsnrctl status 命令查看Oracle監聽狀態：
[oracle@oracle1 ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 27-DEC-2019 09:53:59
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener //監聽狀態未啟動
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oem.localdomain)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
[oracle@oracle1 ~]$
使用 lsnrctl start 命令啟動監聽：
[oracle@oracle1 ~]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 27-DEC-2019 09:56:58
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle1)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 27-DEC-2019 09:56:59
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle1)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
監聽啟動成功，如果是首次安裝Oracle，需要修改host name 和監聽IP。
接下來需要啟動Oracle實例，首先以system用戶身份登陸
[oracle@oracle1 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Dec 27 10:09:34 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL>
SQL> conn as sysdba
Enter user-name: system
Enter password:
Connected to an idle instance.
然后以startup命令啟動實例：
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 5077495808 bytes
Fixed Size 2212976 bytes
Variable Size 3489663888 bytes
Database Buffers 1543503872 bytes
Redo Buffers 42115072 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
如何新建Oracle 用戶及授權，參考另一篇https://www.cnblogs.com/williamzou/p/12102898.html