水文模型大全

水文模型

來源：科學網博客 作者：陳昌春

水文模型在氣候變化與水資源問題日益引起關注的當代具有豐富的應用前景。現對水文模型作一些介紹。

目前堪稱水文模型龍頭老大的開放兼開源軟件是SWAT（行業老大的SHE水文模型集群是商業軟件，與ARCGIS在地理信息領域的地位相似），它在水文模擬、環境模擬、氣候模擬領域已經大顯身手，國內最近出版了SWAT模型從使用方法到理論文件的譯作三大冊。《中國氣象報》甚至用《ＳＷＡＴ模型：讓水資源評估"技高一籌"》進行了專題報道。

現提供一位國內網友http://swatmodel.blog.sohu.com/關於SWAT從安裝到使用的服務一條龍的綜合頁面。

在當今的水文模型搜索與介紹網站中，堪稱水文模型、地表模型（地貌過程等）、海岸模型等地學模型世界第一門戶的http://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model_download_portal網站中的模型總數已達166個，提供源程序下載鏈接或者內容介紹，堪稱地學模型超級倉庫。

就國內而言，盡管研發的水文模型數量已不在少數，但多羞羞答答、不願公開程序，總體而言未成氣候。寒旱所建設的冰雪凍土環境本底與可持續發展專題數據庫提供了部分國外水文模型的下載，可稱水文模型小型展覽館http://www.cryosphere.csdb.cn/html/modelList.jsp

下面介紹一些常見的水文模型：

BASINS流域模型系統——水文模型大套餐

官方下載網址http://water.epa.gov/scitech/datait/models/basins/index.cfm

美國環保署的BASINS流域模型整合了HSPF、SWAT、PLOAD、AGWA等水文模型，在非點源污染等領域有廣泛的應用。國內已出版《流域水文水質模擬軟件HSPF應用指南》。

SWIM水文模型（德國）

官方下載網址：http://www.pik-potsdam.de/research/climate-impacts-and-vulnerabilities/models/swim/swim-description此模型國內已有一本應用類書籍出版。

頗具特色然而難度系數較高的大尺度VIC水文模型

VIC水陸兩用模型由華人梁旭女士讀博期間牽頭開發，其內核與原理與河海大學早年出生的國際名模—新安江模型據稱有密切的關聯，可惜新安江未能以電子化產品占領國際市場，遂至美人遲暮，近年主要現身於國內水科學研究舞台。VIC模型的版權屬於美國華盛頓大學等。

VIC在國內運用的典范之作可能當屬河海大學吳志勇博士的全國百篇優秀博士論文《定量降雨與實時洪水預報研究》，在吳志勇博士論文的基礎上，他與其導師合作撰著的《水文循環過程及定量預報》已經由科學出版社2010年出版。據該書提要稱：本書詳細介紹了流域水文循環關鍵要素大氣水、降水、蒸發的計算、預報、估算的技術與方法，並分別給出了大氣水分析計算實例、定量降水估算、預報技術與方法的應用實例、蒸發估算方法及其在干旱監測預測中的應用實例等；探討了陸面過程模型和大尺度水文模型應用中的技術問題。

VIC水文模型由C語言編寫，linux系統運行（可用CYGWIN等進行仿真），命令行操作，不太方便。

VIC模型官網下載網頁：http://www.hydro.washington.edu/Lettenmaier/Models/VIC/

與VIC同出一門的區域尺度水文模型—DHSVM

DHSVM模型官網下載網頁http://www.hydro.washington.edu/Lettenmaier/Models/DHSVM/index.shtml

小巧玲瓏的TOPMEDEL水文模型

TOPMEDEL水文模型屬於比較概化的水文模型，常被稱作半分布式水文模型。

常用於計算不透水面水文影響的LTHIA水文模型

LTHIA目前作為ARCVIEW GIS的一個模塊進行運行。

暴雨水文模型SWMM

官網下載網址：http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/wswrd/wq/models/swmm/

在城市內澇日益引起注意的今天，SWMM將得到廣泛的重視。

HBV水文模型

下載網址：http://people.su.se/~jseib/HBV/HBV_light.html

美國ucdavis（加州理工學院davis分校）提供的流域模型列表

http://cwam.ucdavis.edu/models.htm

Watershed Modeling

This page connects you to descriptions of computer models designed to address particular watershed functions or processes. It includes models for hydrology, ecology, water quality, overall watershed condition, and other topic areas. You can scroll down through the list, or "Quick Link" to a category of models in the pull-down list below. The model title is highlighted in the left-hand column, and its corresponding short description is to the right. Just click on th model title to go to the description, which is a "pdf" file.

得克薩斯農工大學提供的"水文建模清單"

http://hydrologicmodels.tamu.edu/models.htm

Hydrologic Modeling Inventory Website

Precipitation-Runoff Models

Distributed Models

 3D-Catchment Conceptual Multilayer Model (ArcEGMO)

 Bochum Water Balance Model (BWBM)

 CASCade of Planes, 2-Dimensional (CASC2D)

 CEQUEAU

 Central Valley Groundwater and Surface water model (C2VGSM)

 Dynamic Watershed Simulation Model (DWSM)

 Hydrological River Basin Environment Assessment Model (HydroBEAM)

 Hydrospheric Atmospheric Sciences Model (IHAS)

 Integrated Water Flow Model (IWFM)

 Kinematic Runoff and Erosion Model, Version 2 (KINEROS2)

 Physically-Based Distributed Erosion Model (MEFIDIS)

 MIKE SHE

 MIKE SWMM

 Object Watershed Link Simulation (OWLS)

 One-Dimensional Numerical Model (SVAT-HYCY)

 Storm Water Management Model (SWMM)

 TOPographic Kinematic Approximation and Integration (TOPIKAPI)

 WASH123D

Lumped and Parametric Models

 Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX)

 FHAR

 Geomorphology-Based Hydrological Model (GBHM)

 Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS)

 Hydrologic Simulation Model (HSIMHYD)

 Integrated Hydro Meteorological Model (IHMM)

 Illinois Urban Catchment Runoff Simulation (ILUCAT)

 Large Basin Runoff Model (LBRM)

 MIKE 11 RR (Rainfall Runoff)

 PARCHED-Thirst

 Rainfall-Runoff Modeling Toolbox (RRMT) & Monte-Carlo Analysis (RRMT&MCAT)

 Soil Conservation Service Curve Number Model (SCS-CN)

 SIRMODII

 Soil-Plant-Air-Water System (SPAW)

 Hydrograph Simulation Model (SYN-HYD)

 Utah Energy Balance Snowmelt Model (UEB)

 Hydrological Model and Forecasting System (WATFLOOD)

 Watershed Bounded Network Simulation Model (WBNM)

 Mathematical Model for Rainfall-Runoff Transformation (WISTOO)

Environmental Models

 Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Models (AGNPS 98)

 Areal Nonpoint Source Watershed Environmental Simulation (ANSWERS)

 Continuous Annual Simulation Model (CALSIM)

 Erosion Productivity-Impact Calculator/ Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC)

 Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF)

 LOAD ESTimator (LOADEST)

 One-dimensional Transport with EQuilibrium chemistry (OTEQ)

 Illinois Least-Cost Sewer System Design Model (ILSD)

 Illinois Urban Storm Runoff Model (IUSR)

 Water Quality/Solute Transport (OTIS)

 Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)

 Large Scale Catchment Model, formerly CALSIM (WRIMS)

Monthly Water Balance Models

 Two-Parameter Water Balance Model (TPWBM)

 Truckee - Carson Water Operations Model

 Water Balance Simulation Model (WASMOD)

Real Time Flow Forecasting Models

 National Weather Service River Forecast System (NWSRFS)

 Watershed Bounded Network Model (WBNM2007)

Hydraulic Models

 Branched Lagrangian Transport model (BLTM)

 Diffusion Analogy Flow Model (DAFLOW)

 Full Equations Model (FEQ)

 Illinois Hydrodynamic Watershed Model III (IHW-III)

 MIKE 11

 Two-Dimensional Alluvial River and Floodplain Model (MIKE21 CHD & CST)

 Two-Dimensional Floodplain Model (MIKE21 HD)

 Urban Drainage and Sewer Model (MOUSE)

 Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM)

 Pennsylvania Runoff Simulation Model (PRSM)

 RootCanal

River and Watershed Management Models

 Hydrologic River Operations Study System (HYDROSS)

 Interactive River-Aquifer Simulation Program (IRAS)

 Water Demand Management Suite (IWR-MAIN)

 MIKE BASIN

 Generalized River Basin Network Flow Model (MODSIM)

 NETSTORM

 Model for Analysis of Sportfishery Management Policy (RIOFISH)

 RiverWare

 Water Rights Analysis Package (WRAP)

GIS Application in Hydrology and Hydraulics

 Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment Tool

 eCoastal Program

 BASINS version 4.0

 GIS Weasel

 HAZUS-MH

 HEC-GeoRAS

 HEC-GeoHMS

 MapWindow

 NHDPlus Append Tool

 NRCS Geo-Hydro_ArcGIS

 NRCS Geo-Hydro_ArcView

 StreamStats

 Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)

Regional and Global Hydrology Models

 Global Hydrologic Evaluation Model (GHEM)

 Regional Hydro-climate Model (Reg-HCM)

Stochastic Models

 Stochastic Analysis, Modeling and Simulation (SAMS)

 Stochastic Event Forecasting Model (SEFM)

Parameter Analysis Models

 Multi-Model Analysis (MMA)

 Universal Inversion Code (UCODE)

Questionnaires for the model inventory

 Questionnaire 2010

 Guidelines for Questionnaire 2010

美國地質調查局"水資源應用類"軟件

http://water.usgs.gov/software/

Water Resources Applications Software

Alphabetical Listing

General Use

Water Quality and Chemistry

Groundwater

Statistics & Graphics

Surface Water

New or Recently Updated

The software and related documentation on these Web pages were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for use by the USGS in fulfilling its mission. The software can be used, copied, modified, and distributed without any fee or cost. Use of appropriate credit is requested. The software is provided as a minimum in source code form as used on USGS computers. In many cases, the executable runfiles also are provided for these computers.

The USGS provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the correctness of the furnished software or the suitability for any purpose. The software has been tested, but as with any complex software, there could be undetected errors. Users who find errors are requested to report them to the USGS. The USGS has limited resources to assist non-USGS users; however, we make an attempt to fix reported problems and help whenever possible.

Obtaining documentation and reports - Information about the availability of electronic and (or) print versions of USGS reports and documentation not included with the software distributions.