DRF 一對多序列化與反序列化

本文轉載自查看原文 2019-12-03 00:29 408 django

DRF 一對多序列化與反序列化

序列化

出庫的過程，是從數據庫中把數據讀出並以json的形式供前端使用
反序列化

入庫的過程，是從前端將數據傳入到views.py的函數或者類中，經過后台邏輯處理，最終寫到數據庫中。
安裝 djangorestframework

pip install djangorestframework

注冊到INSTALL_APPS中

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    'rest_framework',
]

配置數據庫

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'tutorial',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': 3306,
        'USER': 'root',
        'PASSWORD': 'ocnt-123',
        'OPTIONS':{
                "init_command":"SET foreign_key_checks = 0;",# 禁用外鍵約束
        }
    }
}

新增老師類和學生類

from django.db import models

# 創建老師模型
class Teacher(models.Model):
    # 教師名稱
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
    # 添加時間
    addtime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    class Meta:
        # 指定表名
        db_table = 'teacher'


# 創建學生模型,一個學生只能選擇一個老師
class Student(models.Model):
    # 學生名稱
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32,unique=True)
    # 添加時間
    addtime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    # 外鍵 與Teacher類綁定
    teacher = models.ForeignKey('Teacher',on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    class Meta:
        # 指定表名
        db_table = 'student'

新增視圖函數類 TeacherView

from rest_framework.views import  APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .serializers import TeacherSerializer,StudentSerializer
from . import models

# 創建用戶視圖類
class TeacherView(APIView):
    # 獲取用戶信息
    def get(self,request):
        data = models.Teacher.objects.all()
        info = TeacherSerializer(data,many=True)
        return Response({
            "status":200,
            "msg":"",
            "data":info.data
        })



    # 添加用戶
    def post(self,request):
        data = request.data
        flag = models.Teacher.objects.create(**data)
        if not flag:
            return Response({"status":201,"msg":"添加數據失敗","data":[]})
        return Response({"status":200,"msg":"","data":[]})



    # 編輯用戶
    def put(self,request):
        id = request.data.pop("id")
        flag = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=id).update(**request.data)
        if not flag:
            return Response({
                "status":201,
                "msg":"編輯失敗",
                "data":[]
            })
        return Response({
            "status":200,
            "msg":"編輯成功",
            "data":""
        })


    # 刪除用戶
    def delete(self,request):
        id = request.data.pop('id')
        teacher = models.Teacher.objects.filter(id=id).delete()
        if not teacher[0]:
            return Response({
                "status": 201,
                "msg": "刪除失敗",
                "data": []
            })
        return Response({
            "status": 200,
            "msg": "刪除成功",
            "data": ""
        })

新增視圖函數類 StudentView

# 學生視圖
class StudentView(APIView):
    # 獲取數據
    def get(self,request):
        data = models.Student.objects.all()
        info = StudentSerializer(data,many=True)

        return Response({
            "status":200,
            "msg":"",
            "data":info.data
        })

    # 添加數據
    def post(self,request):
        data = request.data
        flag = models.Student.objects.create(**data)
        if not flag:
            return Response({
                "status":201,
                "msg":"學生添加失敗",
                "data":[]
            })
        return Response({
            "status":200,
            "msg":"學生添加成功",
            "data":[]
        })


    # 編輯數據
    def put(self,request):
        id = request.data.pop('id')
        flag = models.Student.objects.filter(id=id).update(**request.data)
        if not flag:
            return Response({
                "status":201,
                "msg":"數據編輯失敗",
                "data":[]
            })
        return Response({
            "status":200,
            "msg":"數據編輯成功",
            "data":[]
        })

    # 刪除數據
    def delete(self,request):
        id = request.data.get('id')
        student = models.Student.objects.filter(id=id).delete()
        if not student[0]:
            return Response({
                "status":201,
                "msg":"刪除失敗",
                "data":[]
            })
        return Response({
            "status":200,
            "msg":"刪除成功",
            "data":[]
        })

序列化類 serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models

# 老師數據序列化
class TeacherSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Teacher
        fields = '__all__'


# 學生數據序列化
class StudentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Student
        fields = '__all__'

二級路由 urls.py

from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('teacher/',views.TeacherView.as_view()),
    path('student/',views.StudentView.as_view()),
]

訪問地址
- GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/
- POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/
- PUT http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/
- DELETE http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/
- GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/student/
- POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/student/
- PUT http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/student/
- DELETE http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/student/

獲取老師名下有多少個學生

serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models

# 學生數據序列化
class StudentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Student
        fields = '__all__'


# 老師數據序列化
class TeacherSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    id = serializers.IntegerField()
    name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    student_set = StudentSerializer(many=True,read_only=True)

調用此地址 GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/

獲取學生的老師是誰？

serializers.py

from rest_framework import serializers
from . import models

# 學生數據序列化
class StudentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    teacherName = serializers.CharField(source='teacher.name')
    class Meta:
        model = models.Student
        fields = ('id','name','teacherName')


# 老師數據序列化
class TeacherSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    id = serializers.IntegerField()
    name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
    student_set = StudentSerializer(many=True,read_only=True)

調用此地址 GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/snippets/teacher/

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