STM32 Makefile的設置和工程管理

目錄

• Makefile
• 說明
  • 源文件列表設置
  • 更換文件路徑
  • 調整make過程中的打印信息

Makefile

直接附上Makefile的內容:

######################################
# target
######################################
TARGET = demo_project
# debug build?
DEBUG = 1
# optimization
OPT = -O1
# Build path
BUILD_DIR = Output

######################################
# source
######################################
# C sources
# wildcard 獲取當前目錄下全部文件
# 設置全部需要編譯的文件
C_SOURCES = 
C_SOURCES += $(wildcard *.c ./Src/*.c) 
C_SOURCES += $(wildcard *.c ./ProjectDrivers/Src/*.c) 
# ASM sources
ASM_SOURCES = 
ASM_SOURCES += $(wildcard *.s ./Src/*.s) 


#######################################
# Tools
#######################################
PREFIX = arm-none-eabi-

CC = $(PREFIX)gcc
AS = $(PREFIX)gcc -x assembler-with-cpp
CP = $(PREFIX)objcopy
SZ = $(PREFIX)size

HEX = $(CP) -O ihex
BIN = $(CP) -O binary -S

#######################################
# FLAGS
#######################################
# cpu
CPU = -mcpu=cortex-m4
# fpu
FPU = -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16
# float-abi
FLOAT-ABI = -mfloat-abi=hard
# mcu
MCU = $(CPU) -mthumb $(FPU) $(FLOAT-ABI)
# macros for gcc
# AS defines
AS_DEFS = 
# C defines
C_DEFS =  \
-DUSE_HAL_DRIVER \
-DSTM32F407xx
# AS includes
AS_INCLUDES = 
# C includes
PROJECTDRIVERPATH = ProjectDrivers/Inc
CMSISPATH = Drivers/CMSIS
# addprefix的功能增加前綴，例如$(addprefix -I,./Inc)執行后為 -I ./Inc
C_INCLUDES = 
C_INCLUDES += $(addprefix -I,./Inc)
C_INCLUDES += $(addprefix -I,$(PROJECTDRIVERPATH))
C_INCLUDES += $(addprefix -I,$(PROJECTDRIVERPATH)/Legacy)
C_INCLUDES += $(addprefix -I,$(CMSISPATH)/Device/ST/STM32F4xx/Include)
C_INCLUDES += $(addprefix -I,$(CMSISPATH)/Include)

# compile gcc flags
ASFLAGS = $(MCU) $(AS_DEFS) $(AS_INCLUDES) $(OPT) -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections

CFLAGS = $(MCU) $(C_DEFS) $(C_INCLUDES) $(OPT) -Wall -s -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections

ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
CFLAGS += -g -gdwarf-2
endif

# Generate dependency information
CFLAGS += -MMD -MP -MF"$(@:%.o=%.d)"

# link script
LDSCRIPT = ./Src/STM32F407ZGTx_FLASH.ld

# libraries
LIBS = -lc -lm -lnosys 
LIBDIR = 
LDFLAGS = $(MCU) -specs=nano.specs -T$(LDSCRIPT) $(LIBDIR) $(LIBS) -Wl,-Map=$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).map,--cref -Wl,--gc-sections
#######################################
# default action: build all
#######################################
all: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).elf $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).hex $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).bin

# list of objects
# notdir去掉文件名中的路徑部分
# :.c = .o的意思是C文件對應相應的.o文件
OBJECTS = $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(C_SOURCES:.c=.o)))
vpath %.c $(sort $(dir $(C_SOURCES)))
# list of ASM program objects
OBJECTS += $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(ASM_SOURCES:.s=.o)))
vpath %.s $(sort $(dir $(ASM_SOURCES)))

OBJ_DIR = obj

$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.c Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR) 
	@$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -Wa,-a,-ad,-alms=$(BUILD_DIR)/$(notdir $(<:.c=.lst)) $< -o $@
	@echo $(notdir $(<:.c=.o))
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.s Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR)
	@$(AS) -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
	@echo $(notdir $(<:.s=.o))
$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS) Makefile
	@$(CC) $(OBJECTS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
	@echo linking...
	$(SZ) $@
	rm -fR $(BUILD_DIR)/$(OBJ_DIR)
	mkdir $(BUILD_DIR)/$(OBJ_DIR)
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.hex: $(BUILD_DIR)/%.elf | $(BUILD_DIR)
	$(HEX) $< $@
	
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.bin: $(BUILD_DIR)/%.elf | $(BUILD_DIR)
	$(BIN) $< $@	
	mv -f $(BUILD_DIR)/*.o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(OBJ_DIR)/
	mv -f $(BUILD_DIR)/*.d $(BUILD_DIR)/$(OBJ_DIR)/
	mv -f $(BUILD_DIR)/*.lst $(BUILD_DIR)/$(OBJ_DIR)/
$(BUILD_DIR):
	mkdir $@		
	
#######################################
# clean up
#######################################
clean:
	@-rm -rf $(BUILD_DIR)/*
  
# dependencies
-include $(wildcard $(BUILD_DIR)/*.d)

# *** EOF ***

說明

這份Makefile是由CubeMX生成的Makefile，原始版本中有些路徑和目錄設置並不十分合理，這里做了一些修改

源文件列表設置

原本的Makefile中的源文件列表是通過換行逐一添加的，這里簡化配置的過程，用wildcard函數代替實現

C_SOURCES = 
C_SOURCES += $(wildcard *.c ./Src/*.c) 
C_SOURCES += $(wildcard *.c ./ProjectDrivers/Src/*.c) 

更換文件路徑

stm32中常用的HAL庫和CMSIS放在同一路徑下，但是一個項目中並不需要全部的HAL庫源文件，因此，因此將用到的HAL庫和CMSIS文件摘出至ProjectDrivers文件夾下，只編譯需要的HAL庫文件，同時將編譯過程中產生的中間文件(.o .d .lst)搬移至其他目錄，不與hex文件混合

調整make過程中的打印信息

由於Makefile的包含路徑較多，將編譯指令全部打出的話會影響查看編譯過程中的錯誤信息，這里修改如下：

$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.c Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR) 
	@$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -Wa,-a,-ad,-alms=$(BUILD_DIR)/$(notdir $(<:.c=.lst)) $< -o $@
	@echo $(notdir $(<:.c=.o))
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.s Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR)
	@$(AS) -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
	@echo $(notdir $(<:.s=.o))
$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS) Makefile
	@$(CC) $(OBJECTS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
	@echo linking...
	$(SZ) $@
	rm -fR $(BUILD_DIR)/$(OBJ_DIR)
	mkdir $(BUILD_DIR)/$(OBJ_DIR)
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.hex: $(BUILD_DIR)/%.elf | $(BUILD_DIR)
	$(HEX) $< $@
	
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.bin: $(BUILD_DIR)/%.elf | $(BUILD_DIR)
	$(BIN) $< $@	
	mv -f $(BUILD_DIR)/*.o $(BUILD_DIR)/$(OBJ_DIR)/
	mv -f $(BUILD_DIR)/*.d $(BUILD_DIR)/$(OBJ_DIR)/
	mv -f $(BUILD_DIR)/*.lst $(BUILD_DIR)/$(OBJ_DIR)/
$(BUILD_DIR):
	mkdir $@		

.s文件和.c文件生成.o文件的過程中只打印當前正在編譯的文件名，鏈接的過程中只打印link...語句表示正在鏈接，不顯示鏈接全部過程，修改后的shell的編譯結果如下：

$ make
main.o
stm32f4xx_hal_msp.o
stm32f4xx_it.o
system_stm32f4xx.o
stm32f4xx_hal.o
stm32f4xx_hal_cortex.o
stm32f4xx_hal_dma.o
stm32f4xx_hal_dma_ex.o
stm32f4xx_hal_exti.o
stm32f4xx_hal_flash.o
stm32f4xx_hal_flash_ex.o
stm32f4xx_hal_flash_ramfunc.o
stm32f4xx_hal_gpio.o
stm32f4xx_hal_pwr.o
stm32f4xx_hal_pwr_ex.o
stm32f4xx_hal_rcc.o
stm32f4xx_hal_rcc_ex.o
stm32f4xx_hal_tim.o
stm32f4xx_hal_tim_ex.o
startup_stm32f407xx.o
linking...
arm-none-eabi-size Output/demo_project.elf
   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
   4348      20    1572    5940    1734 Output/demo_project.elf
rm -fR Output/obj
mkdir Output/obj
arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O ihex Output/demo_project.elf Output/demo_project.hex
arm-none-eabi-objcopy -O binary -S Output/demo_project.elf Output/demo_project.bin
mv -f Output/*.o Output/obj/
mv -f Output/*.d Output/obj/
mv -f Output/*.lst Output/obj/

可以看出編譯過程已經很簡潔，同時warning和error信息可以很快定位，工程也更易於擴展。