一、環境准備
1、關閉防火牆與selinux
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
二、mysql5.7.20安裝
#MySQL5.6與MySQL5.7的區別在於初始化的時候，其他安裝步驟一致
1、創建目錄
mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,logs,tmp}
touch /data/mysql/{mysql.pid,mysql.sock}
2、創建用戶
useradd mysql
3、安裝依賴包
yum install perl perl-devel perl-Data-Dumper libaio-devel -y
4、下載包
cd /usr/local/src
wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
tar zxf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local
mv mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql /data/mysql/
三、配置文件
========================================================
[client]
port = 16205
default-character-set=utf8mb4
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
port = 16205
server-id = 111
character_set_server=utf8mb4
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
datadir = /data/mysql/data/
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid
auto-increment-increment = 2 #主主參數，主從可注釋（必填）
auto-increment-offset = 1 #主主參數，主從可注釋（必填）主：1；從：2
#bind-address = 10.26.25.28
#skip-name-resolve=1
#event_scheduler = on
federated
skip-ssl
secure-file-priv = /home/mysql
disable-partition-engine-check=1
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=false
max_allowed_packet = 32M
innodb_file_per_table = 1
back_log = 300
max_connections = 8000
max_connect_errors = 1000
table_open_cache = 4096
open_files_limit = 10240
max_allowed_packet = 512M
wait_timeout = 300
interactive_timeout=300
sort_buffer_size = 16M
join_buffer_size = 16M
query_cache_size = 128M
transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ
thread_stack = 512K
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:512M:autoextend
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_thread_concurrency = 16
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 512M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema,mysql,performance_schema #主主參數，主從可注釋
#replicate-ignore-db=information_schema,mysql,performance_schema
binlog_format=row
expire_logs_days=10
binlog_cache_size = 7M
log-error = /data/mysql/logs/error.log
log-bin = /data/mysql/logs/mysql_bin.log
log-slave-updates=true #主主參數，主從可注釋
#slow log
slow-query-log = 1
long_query_time = 2
slow-query-log-file = /data/mysql/logs/slowquery.log
sql_mode=NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
[mysqld_safe]
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql.pid
================================================================================
四、初始化
1.MySQL5.7初始化:#注意: 要先初始化，再啟動
初始化: bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql --initialize
查看隨機密碼: cat /data/mysql/logs/error.log | grep password（查看后保存密碼）
2.啟動mysql
bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
3.修改密碼: /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p password #輸入隨機密碼，再輸入兩次新密碼即可
# 初始化后數據目錄包含: mysql、information_schema、sys、performache_schema四個數據庫
登錄數據庫：
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
退出數據庫：exit;
五、主從配置
# Master
1、my.cnf
server-id=1111
log-bin=（產生binglog日志。）
2、創建用於主從同步的賬號
repl（主從同步用戶名）192.168.28.135（從庫所在服務器的IP）
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.28.135' identified by 'a123456';（a123456表示密碼）
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.06 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;（刷新權限）
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
3、查看主庫當前bin_log文件和Position
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| binlog.000008 | 25616 | | information_schema,mysql | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#以下是從庫操作
登錄數據庫
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
4、與主庫建立連接
mysql> stop slave;（停止同步）
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.28.136',master_user='repl',master_password='a123456',master_port=16205,master_log_file='mysql_bin.000007',master_log_pos=25616;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)
master_host='192.168.28.136’, （主庫所在IP地址）
master_user='repl', （主從同步用戶名）
master_password='a.123456', （主從同步密碼）
master_port=16205, （主庫對外訪問端口號）
master_log_file='mysql_bin.000007',（主庫配置文件）
master_log_pos=25616; （主庫配置文件）
5、start slave;（開啟從庫同步主庫）
6、show slave status;（查看主從同步狀態）show slave status\G
。。。。。。
Slave_IO_Running: Yes （IO線程是否正常）
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes （sql線程是否正常）
#這兩個參數都為Yes的時候表示主從配置完成
==============================================================================
六、雙主配置（就是把主從反過在配一遍）
登錄數據庫
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
從庫：
2、創建用於主從同步的賬號
repl（主從同步用戶名）192.168.28.135（從庫所在服務器的IP）
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl1'@'192.168.28.135' identified by 'a123456';（a123456表示密碼）
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.06 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;（刷新權限）
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
3、查看主庫當前bin_log文件和Position
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+
| binlog.000008 | 25616 | | information_schema,mysql | |
+---------------+----------+--------------+--------------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#以下是從庫操作
4、與主庫建立連接
mysql> stop slave;（停止同步）
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.28.135',master_user='repl1',master_password='a123456',master_port=16205,master_log_file='mysql_bin.000008',master_log_pos=25616;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)
master_host='172.16.1.20’, （主庫所在IP地址）
master_user='repl', （主從同步用戶名）
master_password='a123456', （主從同步密碼）
master_port=16205, （主庫對外訪問端口號）
master_log_file='mysql_bin.000004',（主庫配置文件）
master_log_pos=25618; （主庫配置文件）
5、start slave;（開啟從庫同步主庫）
6、show slave status;（查看主從同步狀態）show slave status\G
。。。。。。
Slave_IO_Running: Yes （IO線程是否正常）
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes （sql線程是否正常）
#這兩個參數都為Yes的時候表示主從配置完成（兩台數據庫服務器都為YES方為通過，一定要驗證！！！！！！！！！！）
。。。。。。
===========================================================================
如遇訪問權限問題：以下可以解決
mysql -uroot -p root
mysql->use mysql
mysql->update user set host = '%' where user ='root';
mysql->grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' with grant option;
mysql->flush privileges;
mysql->exit;
sudo service mysql restart;
**********************************************************************************************************************************
keepalived部署配置（安裝在mysql雙主服務器當中）
一、安裝keepalived
下載keepalived
官網: https://keepalived.org/download.html
上傳並解壓keepalived
/home
cd /home/
tar -zxvf keepalived-2.0.18.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/
進入目錄/usr/local/src/keepalived-2.0.18
cd /usr/local/src/keepalived-2.0.18/
檢查安裝環境
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
第一次檢查：
configure: error:
!!! OpenSSL is not properly installed on your system. !!!
!!! Can not include OpenSSL headers files. !!!
安裝openssl openssl-devel解決問題
yum -y install openssl openssl-devel
第二次檢查
*** WARNING - this build will not support IPVS with IPv6. Please install libnl/libnl-3 dev libraries to support IPv6 with IPVS.
安裝libnl libnl-devel解決問題
yum -y install libnl libnl-devel
其他問題
configure: error: libnfnetlink headers missing
安裝libnfnetlink-devel解決問題
yum -y install libnfnetlink-devel
編譯並安裝
make && make install
將keepalived添加到系統服務中
拷貝執行文件
cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
將init.d文件拷貝到etc下,加入開機啟動項
cp /usr/local/src/keepalived-2.0.18/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived
將keepalived文件拷貝到etc下
cp /usr/local/src/keepalived-2.0.18/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
創建keepalived文件夾
mkdir -p /etc/keepalived
將keepalived配置文件拷貝到etc下
cp /usr/local/src/keepalived-2.0.18/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
添加keepalived到開機啟動（看個人可隨意）
chkconfig --add keepalived
添加可執行權限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived
二、部署keepalived雙擊自主切換（一下配置文件和腳本，兩台機器都要重新布）
備份keepalived配置文件
cp keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.back
重新編輯配置文件
vim keepalived.conf
配置文件
===============================================================
! COnfiguration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id MASTER-HA #主機標識
#router_id BACKUP #備機標識
script_user root
enable_script_security
}
vrrp_script chk_mysql_port {
script "/etc/keepalived/chk_mysql.sh" #腳本地址和名字，此處調用改腳本
interval 2
weight -5
fall 2
rise 1
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER #主機MASTER、備機BACKUP
interface eth0 #本機的網卡
mcast_src_ip 192.168.28.136 #網卡IP
virtual_router_id 51
priority 101 #主機101，備機小於101便可
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.28.188 #新的IP地址，需要在同機網段內
}
track_script {
chk_mysql_port
}
===============================================================================================
編寫腳本
vim chk_mysql.sh
========================================================
#!/bin/bash
#This scripts is check for Mysql Slave status
counter=$(netstat -na|grep "LISTEN"|grep "16205"|wc -l)
if [ "${counter}" -eq 0 ]; then
/etc/init.d/keepalived keepalived stop
killall keepalived
fi
ping 192.168.28.136 -w1 -c1 &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ]
then
/etc/init.d/keepalived keepalived stop
killall keepalived
fi
========================================================
添加可執行權限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/keepalived
啟動keepalived
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
查看是否啟動成功
ps -ef | grep keepalived
啟動成功之后會生成一個新的服務器IP地址，可通過新IP直接連接數據庫
查看ip地址 ip addr
連接數據庫地址
至此，數據庫連接成功。
可以自由關閉其中一台數據庫服務，keepalived會自動切換到另外一台數據庫服務器當中。