JPA 級聯保存的問題

前提：系統有學校-學生關系，學校可以包含多個學生，學生只能屬於一個學校

在使用 spring-data-jpa 的時候，保存學校的同時保存學生信息，不需要先逐個保存學生信息，再將學生信息放在學校中保存學校

首先spring data jpa 配置需要設置數據庫方言，否則回有外鍵不生效的

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/iot?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=yes&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    username: root
    password: 123456
  jpa:
    show-sql: true
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
      # 不增加出問題
    database-platform: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

學校信息：

@Entity(name = "t_school")
@Data
@ToString(exclude = "students")
public class School {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private int id;
    private String name;

　　 //一對多
    @OneToMany(fetch = FetchType.EAGER,mappedBy = "school",cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    private List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();

    public void addStudent(Student stu){
        if(stu != null){
            students.add(stu);
        }
    }
}

學生信息：

@Entity(name = "t_student")
@Data
@ToString(exclude = "school")
public class Student {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private int id;

    private String name;

　　//多對一
    @ManyToOne(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @JoinColumn(name = "school_id",nullable = false)
    @JsonIgnore
    @JsonIgnoreProperties
    private School school;
}

測試、保存學校信息

@RestController
public class TestController {

    @Autowired
    private SchoolRepository schoolRepository;

    @GetMapping("/save")
    public void save(){
        School school = new School();
        school.setName("北京中學");


        Student student = new Student();
        student.setName("張三");
        student.setSchool(school);

        Student student2 = new Student();
        student2.setName("李四");
        student2.setSchool(school);


        school.addStudent(student);
        school.addStudent(student2);

        System.out.println(school);

        schoolRepository.saveAndFlush(school);

    }
}

在新建一方信息，將多方信息保存在一方的集合列表中，如果沒有設置 一方的信息，將導致保存多方抱錯，外鍵id 不能為 null

       student2.setSchool(school);

最后只需要保存一方信息，即可以將多方的信息一起保存

schoolRepository.saveAndFlush(school);